The purpose of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of peel from Gardenia jasminoides fructus Ellis (GJE) in Namhae, Korea, following some established methods. CM (Chloroform:Methanol, 2:1, v/v), 70% ethanol, and n-butanol extracts were collected. Flavonoid content and value as a functional food ingredient of GJE peel was investigated through assessing antioxidant [DPPH (1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities; superoxide dismutase like ability; ferrous ion-chelating capacity; and tannin content by solvent extraction. Solvent extract antioxidant activities significantly increased (p<0.05) at increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL). GJE peel extracts were less active than the positive control [ascorbic acid, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate)]. Based on the results of this study, GJE peel could be used as a natural antioxidant source due to its high antioxidant activity and bioactive compound content.

Background : Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a member of the malvaceae family and has been prescribed in traditional folk medicine in Africa and India. It showed broad biologicas activities such as hepatoprotective activity, antioxidative activity and haematinic activity, Recently, immunomodulatory effect of kenaf extract has been elucidated. However, depigmenting activity from kenaf extract has not been evaluated. In the present study, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect of kenaf leaf extract was investigated before and after subjecting the extract to together with infrared(FIR) irradiation. Methods and Results :　FIR irradiation involves electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 4 to 15 μM. It has been hypothesized that FIR treatment during extraction of polyphenols from plant cells stimulates exudation of chemical components in cells without destroying the cells by radiant heat and breaks covalent bonds of polymerized polyphenols resulting in the release of active, natural antioxidants with a low molecular weight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate not only the changes in antityrosinase activity but also the chemical transformation of kenaf extract exposed to FIR(Scheme 1). Conclusion: The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of kenaf xtract was evaluated after far-infrared (FIR) irradiation. The ethanol extract of kenaf was prepared and its main component was analyzed as a kaempferitrin (kaempferol-3,7-O-a-dirhamnoside). Inhibitory activity of kenaf extract was not detected in tyrosinase assay. However, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed in kenaf extract treated with FIR irradiation. After 60 min of FIR irradiation onto kenaf extract at 60oC, a ethanolic extract was prepared and it showed significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50=3500ppm). According to HPLC analysis, kaempferol, afzelin and minor product were detected(. The inhibitory activity may be due to the existence of kaemperol, afzelin and minor product. This study showed that FIR irradiation method can be used as a convenient tool for deglycosylation of flavonoid glycoside.

Background : Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) is a member of the family Cucurbitaceae, used as a medicine herb in traditional medicine. In this study, we present the sequencing, de novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of M. charantia and provide a global description of relationship between putative phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes and alteration of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid content during different organs and plantlet of M. charantia. Methods and Results : The transcriptome of M. charantia was constructed by using an Illumina Nexteseq500 sequencing system. Out of 68,073,862 total reads, approximately 88,703 unigenes were identified with a length of 898 bp. Alternatively, transcriptomic data, 10cDNAs (McPAL, McC4H, Mc4CL, McCOMT, McCHS, McCHI, McF3H, McFLS, McDFR and Mc3GT) encoded phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic genes. The expression levels and the accumulation of trans-cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxyvbenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin hydrate, ferulic acid, and rutin were investigated in different organs and plantlets. Mainly, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids accumulated in leaves and flowers, whereas low levels accumulated in roots. Collectively, these results indicate that the putative McPAL, McC4H, McCOMT, McFLS, and Mc3GT might be key factors for controlling phenylpropanoid and flavonoid contents in M. charantia. Conclusion : In this study, we present the sequencing, de novo assembly and analysis of the transcriptome of M. charantia. We also compared gene expression and compound analysis of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid in different organs and plantlet of M. charantia. These results indicate that McPAL, McC4H, McCOMT, McFLS, and Mc3GT are key regulators of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid accumulation in M. charantia

본 연구는 남부지역에서 5월 중순부터 7월 중순까지 파종기에 따른 녹두 생육과 수량 변이 및 vitexin과 isovitexin 함량 변화 등을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 1. 파종기가 늦을수록 개화일수, 성숙까지 일수와 재배기간이 짧았다. 반면에1차 성숙 후1차 수확까지(소요)일수, 각 수확기 간 소요일수는 길었다. 2. 수량은 1차 수확기 개체당 협수가 15.3개로 많은 6월 하순 파종이 가장 많았고, 표준 파종기 6월 상순보다 14%가 많았다. 반면에1차 수확기 협당 립수와 천립중은 7월 중순 파종이 가장 높았다. 3. 녹두 파종기별 수확횟수는 6월 하순과 7월 중순 파종이 2회로 가장 적었다. 4. 녹두 종실의 vitexin과 isovitexin 평균 함량은 7월 중순, 6월 하순, 5월 중순 파종 순으로 많았고, 특히 2차 수확 종실에서 이들 함량이 가장 높았다. 5. 이상의 재배기간, 수량, 수확횟수 및 vitexin, isovitexin 함량 등을 감안할 때 남부지역 녹두 파종적기는 6월 하순에서 7월 중순으로 보아진다.