소나무재선충병은 소나무재선충(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)의 감염으로 발생하며, 소나무 숲 생태계에 심각한 환경 피해를 준다. 본 연구에 서는 소나무재선충에 대한 살선충제를 개발하기 위해 7가지 곤충병원성 곰팡이 추출물의 살선충 활성을 평가하였다. 곰팡이를 배양하여 추출물을 얻은 다음, 다양한 농도에서 96-웰 플레이트를 이용해 살선충 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 붉은자루동충하초(Cordyceps pruinosa) 추출물은 5 mg/mL 농도에서 84.7%의 가장 높은 치사율을 보였으며, LC50 값은 0.130 mg/mL였다. 노린재포식동충하초(Ophiocordyceps nutans) 추출물은 76.2%의 치사율을 보였다. 나머지 5가지 곰팡이 추출물은 42.8%에서 62.0% 사이의 치사율을 나타내었다. 동충하초류 추출물의 높은 살선충 활성 은 활성 화합물을 추가로 밝혀낸다면, 생물학적 살선충제로 개발될 가능성을 시사하였다.

1. Antifungal activity of water extracts The antifungal activity of the water extracts against L. edodes was proportional to the concentration of the water extracts. The antifungal activity of the water extracts at 1000 ppm was the highest among the tested concentration against L. edodes mycelia. The antifungal activity were significantly different from each concentration of the water extracts. Therefore, it can be concluded that the water extracts of the P. densiflora sawdust have inhibitory compounds to the growth of L. edodes mycelia. 2. Yield and antifungal activity of fractions from water extracts The powdered water extracts was further treated serially using organic solvents in order to separate the water extracts into the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed much higher antifungal activity than the other fractions. The antifungal activity of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction against L. edodes at 1000 ppm showed a statistically significant difference in the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble. And, there was not significantly difference between the antifungal activities of the n-hexane-soluble and methanol-soluble fractions at 1000 ppm. 3. Antivungal activity of fractions of organic solvent extracts The fractions were isolated from each organic solvent by the silica-gel column chromatography and then the fractions were confirmed and divided on the values of Rf by the thin-layer chromatography. The fractions were produced six band of the n-hexane, nine band of the ethyl acetate and eight band of the methanol extracts. The HIII fraction from the n-hexane extracts showed the highest growth inhibition against L. edodes mycelium.

The extracts from Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze, their chloroform and hexane fractions, and estragole identified from hexane fraction were tested to investigate the effects on the growth and metabolic activities of several true fungi. The fungi used were: Aspergillus oryzae KFCC 890, Aspergillus niger KCCM 11240, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM 459?, Saccharomyces ellipsoideus PNU 2215. The growth of S. cerevisiae by treatment of water extract (1%), hexane fraction (0.05%), and estragole (0.05%) were inhibited 93%, 50%, and 33% respectively, and S. ellipsoideus was also inhibited markedly with delaying the lag phase maximum 12 hrs. The growth of A. oryzae was inhibited by treatment of extracts and fractions. The ethanol production by S. cerevisiae was increased more than two times in the highest value around 42 hrs incubation by water extract, but chloroform fraction inhibited its production. The glucoamylase activities by A. niger were strongly inhibited by hexane and chloroform fractions (0.05%). The invertase activity by S. cerevisiae using estragole (0.05%) reached to 57.5% of control group. S. cerevisiae treated with the estragole was damaged the cell wall and cell membrane, leaked the protoplasm, and observed broken pieces of cell.

The roots of Rosa multiflora Thunberg have been used in traditional oriental medicine as remedies for rheumatic arthralgia and scabies. In this study, the anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of a supercritical extract of Rosa multiflora root were investigated in vitro. To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the supercritical extract, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and the inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were examined, respectively. In addition, the anti-fungal activities of the extract were assessed. The results showed a concentration-dependent, increase in ABTS radical scavenging activity. The supercritical fluid extracts of Rosa multiflora root exhibited low toxicity to RAW 264.7 cells at 100 μg/mL the highest concentration tested. Cells stimulated with LPS produced more nitric oxide than normal control cells; however, cells treated with the supercritical fluid extract decreased this production in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, the supercritical fluid extracts showed significant anti-fungal activity. These results suggest that extracts of the roots of Rosa multiflora might be used to develop potent anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents, and may be useful as ingredients for related new functional cosmetic materials.