The safe, efficient and cost-effective decommissioning and dismantling of radioactive facilities requires the accurate characterization of the radionuclide activities and dose rate environment. And it is critical across many nuclear industries to identify and locate sources of radiation accurately and quickly. One of the more challenging aspects of dealing with radiation is that you cannot see it directly, which can result in potential exposure when working in those environments. Generally, semiconductor detectors have better energy resolution than scintillation detectors, but the maximum achievable count rates are limited by long pulse signals. Whereas some high pure germanium detectors have been developed to operate at high count rates, and these HPGe detectors could obtain gamma-ray spectra at high count rates exceeding 1 Mcps. However, HPGe detectors require cooling devices to reduce the leak currents, which becomes disadvantageous when developing portable radiation detectors. Furthermore, chemicalcompound semiconductor detectors made of cadmium telluride and cadmium zinc telluride are popular, because they have good energy resolution and are available at room temperature. However, CdTe and CZT detectors develop irradiation-induced defects under intense gamma-ray fields. In this Review, we start with the fundamentals of gamma rays detection and review the recent developments in scintillators gamma-ray detectors. The key factors affecting the detector performance are summarized. We also give an outlook on the field, with emphasis on the challenges to be overcome.

Glutathione (GSH)은 직접적으로 활성산소종을 제거하거나 GSH peroxidase와 같은 활성산소종 제거 효소의 조효소로써, 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포를 방어하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. GSH peroxidase는 두 분자의 GSH을 이용해 세포 내 과산화수소를 물로 전환한다. N-acetyl-L cysteine (NAC)는 항산화제 중 하나로 세포 내 GSH의 전구물질로 이용된다. 본 연구는, 0mM에서 20mM의 NAC 단독 처리

Vanadium, a dietary micronutrient, has been reported to present interesting biological and pharmacological properties, including superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging effects. Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDR) is known to damage DNA and cause apoptosis of peripheral immunocytes by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to elucidate the capacity of immune activation of Jeju water containing vanadium on immunosuppression caused by LDR. We examined the ROS production, DNA damage, cell apoptosis and proliferation of peripheral immunocytes in irradiated mice drinking different concentrations for 90 days; V0 (vanadium 0㎍/L, control), V1 (vanadium 15～20㎍/ L) and V2 (vanadium 20∼25㎍/L). Compared to V0 control where level of ROS showed tendency to increase, the ROS production was attenuated in peripheral immunocytes of irradiated mice drinking V1 and V2. DNA damage of peripheral immunocytes triggered by LDR significantly increased in mice drinking V0 compared to non-irradiated control, whereas V1 and V2 dramatically induced remission of DNA damage. On the observation of apoptosis of peripheral immunocytes, V1 and V2 showed the potency to reduce the number of apoptotic cells. On the other hand irradiated mice drinking V0 exhibited raised number of apoptotic cells. From the results obtained, we speculated that Jeju water containing vanadium (V1 and V2) has a potential role in decreasing DNA damage and apoptosis of immune cell by inhibiting ROS production. Consistent with this, Jeju water containing vanadium (V1 and V2) exhibits a capacity to enhance cell proliferation of peripheral immunocytes, which is suppressed by LDR as shown in V0 control. Collectively, Jeju water containing vanadium reduced DNA damage and apoptosis and induced the stimulatory potential on immunocytes. These results suggest that Jeju water containing vanadium sustained immune activities under immunosuppression caused by LDR.

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the storage characteristics of the Korean traditional raw rice wine (RRW) treated with Korean sun-dried salts and gamma rays. Nowadays, RRWs have received attention because they are a nutritious foo

During the hierarchical formation of large scale structure in the universe, the progressive collapse and merging of dark matter should inevitably drive shocks into the gas, with nonthermal particle acceleration as a natural consequence. Two topics in this regard are discussed, emphasizing what important things nonthermal phenomena may tell us about the structure formation (SF) process itself. 1. Inverse Compton gamma-rays from large scale SF shocks and non-gravitational effects, and the implications for probing the warm-hot intergalactic medium. We utilize a semi-analytic approach based on Monte Carlo merger trees that treats both merger and accretion shocks self-consistently. 2. Production of 6Li by cosmic rays from SF shocks in the early Galaxy, and the implications for probing Galaxy formation and uncertain physics on sub-Galactic scales. Our new observations of metal-poor halo stars with the Subaru High Dispersion Spectrograph are highlighted.

Clusters of galaxies are believed to constitute a population of astrophysical objects potentially able to emit electromagnetic radiation up to gamma-ray energies. Evidence of the existence of non-thermal radiation processes in galaxy clusters is indicated from observations of diffuse radio halos, hard X-ray and EUV excess emission. The presence of cosmic ray acceleration processes and its confinement on cosmological timescales nearly inevitably yields in predicting energetic gamma-ray emission, either directly deduceably from a cluster's multifreqency emission characteristics or indirectly during large-scale cosmological structure formation processes. This theoretical reasoning suggests several scenarios to actually detect galaxy clusters at gamma-ray wavelengths: Either resolved as individual sources of point-like or extended gamma-ray emission, by investigating spatial-statistical correlations with unidentified gamma-ray sources or, if unresolved, through their contribution to the extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background. In the following I review the situation concerning the proposed relation between galaxy clusters and high-energy gamma-ray observations from an observational point-of-view.

To reveal the relationship between the changes in the growth and photo- synthesis induced by low dose radiation, red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were serially irradiated three times with gamma rays of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy. The plant growth was mo

99mTc을 이용하는 검사를 받고 CT 검사를 진행했을 때 CT 영상에 99mTc이 미치는 변화에 대하여 정량적으로 알아보고자 하였다. Resolution phantom과 Water phantom에 99mTc 740 MBq를 주입 전· 후 80 kVp와 120 kVp로 관전압을 변화시켜 CT Scan하였다. 연구결과 99mTc 주입 전·후 신호강도는 각각 0.173, 0.241의 감소 하였으며, 공간분해능은 각각 0.090, 0.109로 증가하였다. CT 촬영을 99mTc의 유효 반감기를 고려하여 99mTc 의 감마선이 CT에 영향을 미치지 않도록 일정한 시간 후 진행함으로 영상의 변화를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

종자에 감마선 조사(0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 G y)를 실시한 후 768립과 972립의 종자를 각각 파종한 후 종자발아, 생장, 생존율 및 변이체 유발에 미치는 방사선량의 영향을 조사하였다. 술패랭이꽃은 90 Gy, 층꽃나무는 80 Gy 이상의 선량에서는 조사량이 증가될수록 발아가 지연되고 발아율도 저하되었다. 반치사선량은 술패랭이꽃 150 Gy, 층꽃나무는 100 Gy 수준이었다. 술패랭이꽃과 층꽃나무의 생장은 120 Gy 이상의 조사량에서 현저하게 억제 되었다. 술패랭이꽃은 M1 세대에서 17개의 변이체가 나타났으며, M2 세대에서 4개의 유망 변이체를 선발하였다. 층꽃나무는 M1 세대에서 7개의 변이체가 나타났으며, M2 세대에서 8개의 유망 변이체를 선발하였다.