The purpose of this study is to enhance heat insulation effect and to decrease fire hazard by attaching aluminum foil to expanded polystyrene, which is mainly used for insulating materials, to have fire retardant. The result of the test confirmed that the insulating materials, expanded polystyrene of 10 kg/m3 and 14 kg/m3 of density attached aluminum foil on both sides, showed 12%, 14% of improved heat transfer coefficient respectively compared to existing expanded polystyrene of the same density. Besides, they met all the standards for the testing of heat release and gas hazard. On the other hand, the one made of general expanded polystyrene could not meet the standards of the heat release test and the gas hazard test.

This study provides a comparison and analysis of the predicted damages related to hazardous chemical substances used in “A” solar cell manufacturing process. In order to predict potential damages, different accident scenarios were established using the ALOHA model and the KOSHA guideline. This study evaluates chemical spills and leaks from cylinder and pipeline. Maximum distance of chemical movement, based on an initial concentration of 150 ppm, was estimated as up to 258 m in summer and 251 m in winter. The impacts of the leakage of chemicals such as ammonia, were dependent on the initial concentration of the chemical leaked, the atmospheric stability and temperature, and the wind speed. All of those however, were affected by air humidity.

Zn(BH4)2 was prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4 in a planetary ball mill in an Ar atmosphere, and XRD analysis, SEM observation, FT-IR analysis, DTA, and TGA were performed for synthesized Z (BH4)2 samples. 90 wt% MgH2+ 1.67 wt% Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5 wt% Ni+1.67 wt% Ti+1.67 wt% Fe (named 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4) (+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe) samples were also prepared by milling in a planetary ball mill in an H2 atmosphere. The gas absorption and release properties of the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) and 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe samples were investigated. An FT-IR analysis showed that Zn(BH4)2 formed in the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) samples prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4. At the first cycle at 320 oC, 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe absorbed 2.95 wt% H for 2.5 min and 4.93 wt% H for 60 min under 12 bar H2, and released 1.46 wt% H for 10 min and 4.57 wt% H for 60 min under 1.0 bar H2.

This paper analyses the effect of parameters on the consequences of the unconfined vapor cloud explosion accident (UVCE) by the release of heavy gas (xylene vapor). Simulation results showed that the overpresure was increased with the increase of the release hole diameter and with the decrease of the interested distance and the wind speed. While, the overpresure was not nearly affected by the release height, weather and environmental conditions. From the results of the consequence analysis and analysis of affecting the consequences of UVCE, the emergency plan should be established taking into account these parameters.

The effect of parameters on the consequence of the flash fire accident by the release of heavy gas(in this study, xylene vapor) was analyzed. Simulation results showed that the distance with the lower flammable limit(XLFL) was increased with the increase of the release hole diameter. For the case of the elevated release, XLFL was increased with the increase of the wind speed and the release height, but XLFL was not affected by the wind speed for the release on the ground level. Therefore, the accident in the elevated release was more dangerous than the release on the ground level. In this condition, the release height had more effect on XLFL at the night time than the daytime and in the urban area than the rural area.

For the unconfined vapor cloud explosion accident by the continuous release of gas-liquid flow of various saturated liquids in a vessel at ground level, overpressures were estimated and analyzed with various release conditions and materials by TNT equivalency model with vapor dispersion. We found that at same release conditions, overpressure showed n-heptane > xylene > n-hexane > toluene > n-heptane > benzene, respectively and that overpressure was increased with increasing the hole diameter and the storage pressure, but it was increased with decreasing the wind speed, the interested distance, and the vessel thickness.