The ductility of the system based on the capacity of each structural member constituting the seismic force-resisting system is a significant factor determining the structure’s seismic performance. This study aims to provide a procedure to supplement the current seismic design criteria to secure the system’s ductility and improve the seismic performance of the steel ordinary moment frames. For the study, a nonlinear analysis was performed on the 9- and 15-story model buildings, and the formation of collapse mechanisms and damage distribution for dynamic loads were analyzed. As a result of analyzing the nonlinear response and damage distribution of the steel ordinary moment frame, local collapse due to the concentration of structural damage was observed in the case where the influence of the higher mode was dominant. In this study, a procedure to improve the seismic performance and avoid inferior dynamic response was proposed by limiting the strength ratio of the column. The proposed procedure effectively improved the seismic performance of steel ordinary moment frames by reducing the probability of local collapse.

Existing old reinforced concrete buildings could be vulnerable to earthquakes because they were constructed without satisfying seismic design and detail requirements. In current seismic design standards, the target collapse probability for a given Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) ground-shaking hazard is defined as 10% for ordinary buildings. This study aims to estimate the collapse probabilities of a three-story, old, reinforced concrete building designed by only considering gravity loads. Four different seismic design categories (SDC), A, B, C, and D, are considered. This study reveals that the RC building located in the SDC A region satisfies the target collapse probability. However, buildings located in SDC B, C, and D regions do not meet the target collapse probability. Since the degree of exceedance of the target probability increases with an increase in the SDC level, it is imminent to retrofit non-ductile RC buildings similar to the model building. It can be confirmed that repair and reinforcement of old reinforced concrete buildings are required.

In seismic design standards such as KDS 41 17 00 and ASCE 7, three procedures are provided to estimate seismic demands: equivalent lateral force (ELF), response spectrum analysis (RSA), and response history analysis (RHA). In this study, two steel special moment frames (SMFs) were designed with ELF and RSA, which have been commonly used in engineering practice. The collapse probabilities of the SMFs were evaluated according to FEMA P695 methodology. It was observed that collapse probabilities varied significantly in accordance with analysis procedures. SMFs designed with RSA (RSA-SMFs) had a higher probability of collapse than SMFs designed with ELF (ELFSMFs). Furthermore, RSA-SMFs did not satisfy the target collapse probability specified in ASCE 7-16 whereas ELF-SMFs met the target probability.

The WUF-W moment connection is a pre-qualified connection that can be used for special moment frames specified in current seismic design specifications. Since the stress distribution near the connection varies according to access hole configuration, the cyclic performance of WUF-W connections is strongly affected by the access hole configurations. To evaluate the connection performance according to various access hole configurations, it is expensive to conduct experiments with many connection specimens. Instead, finite element analyses (FEA) can be performed. Throughout the FEA, stress and strain distribution in the connection can be monitored at each loading step. The purpose of this study is to construct nonlinear 3-dimensional FE models for accurately predicting the cyclic behavior of WUF-W connections. For predicting connection fracture using FEA, an appropriate response index detecting the incidence of connection rupture is proposed.

Recent industrial developments have increased the use of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Odors (e.g., are hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan- type, amine- type and other irritating pungent gaseous or volatile substances)., which are disgusting and disgusting to humans. Currently, regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO), regenerative catalytic oxidation (RCO), Carbon Adsorption Tower, etc. are used for their control to remove VOCs. In this experiment, we report the use of silicon carbide (SiC) for the control of four common VOCs called BTEX (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and, xylene (BTEX))., which is a representative material of VOCs, was removed by using silicon carbide (SiC). The heating SiC was heated be tween 400oC and 700oC in a microwave,. As a result, we observed the removal efficiency of BTEX from 10 ppm to 50 ppm was. At 400oC and 500oC, 0.6~60.3% and 11~64.7% the removal efficiency were achieved, with exponential increase at the temperature from 500oC. At 600oC, it showed more than 69.0~100% removal efficiency of most BTEX materials. Finally, At 700oC, it was confirmed that all BTEX materials were completely removed.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of malodor and VOCs reduction that could be achieved through the installation of a vapor recovery system (VRS) in a gas station. It was revealed that the reduction efficiencies of malodor by running VRS were about 93% around the oil feeder, 32% in the office and 45% in the site boundary. Specifically, it was remarkable that reduction efficiencies of BTEX over 90% were recorded through VRS operation. In addition, the results of continuous monitoring of THC around the oil feeder device provided good evidence of the inhibition of oil mist diffusion after running VRS.

This study provides a comparison and analysis of the predicted damages related to hazardous chemical substances used in “A” solar cell manufacturing process. In order to predict potential damages, different accident scenarios were established using the ALOHA model and the KOSHA guideline. This study evaluates chemical spills and leaks from cylinder and pipeline. Maximum distance of chemical movement, based on an initial concentration of 150 ppm, was estimated as up to 258 m in summer and 251 m in winter. The impacts of the leakage of chemicals such as ammonia, were dependent on the initial concentration of the chemical leaked, the atmospheric stability and temperature, and the wind speed. All of those however, were affected by air humidity.

In this study, the odor causing in the under-fired charbroiling restaurant was reported in literature investigation,pilot test and field experimental verification. The charbroiling restaurant causes odor complaints of Neighbors soefficient reduction method is requested. Acetaldehyde, ammonia, sulfur compound and the oil mist of white smokeare found to cause odor from the charbroiling restaurant. Pilot test results show that in the removal efficiency ofodor, Electrostatic Precipitation was 67.4%, absorption was 81.2%, adsorption was 74.2% and the ElectrostaticPrecipitation & Adsorption the hybrid system with 85.7% respectively. In the same condition of the hybrid system(Electrostatic Precipitation & Adsorption), the odor removal efficiency were higher when the design parameterssuch as the discharge voltage and current were high. The process efficiency were higher when as the implanterpole was cylindrical. However, the process efficiency rapidly reduced due to the contamination of the processcomponent or material, as the operating time of the equipment is increased. Therefore, fixed maintenance and repairof the equipment is found to be are very important, for long term operation. Therefore, as the experimental resultof this study, applying hybrid system removed odors caused in under-fired charbroiling restaurant which areunregulated, is more effective device that settle civil complaints and preserve environment.

본 연구에서는 공공하수처리시설의 효율적인 관리방안 제시를 위하여 2008년~2010년까지 28개소의 공공하수처리시설에 대하여 복합악취와 지정악취물질(22종)을 대상으로 악취실태조사 및 원인분석을 실시하였다. 조사결과 전처리 공정과 슬러지 처리공정에서 주로 고농도의 악취가 발생되고 있었으며, 황화수소와 메틸머캅탄 등의 황화합물류가 주요 악취원인물질로 조사되었다. 공공하수처리시설에서 발생되는 악취는 유입수의 성상에 따라 차이가 있으며, 유입수에서의 복합악취는 67배~66,943배, 황화수소는 ND~66.87 ppm으로 조사되었다. A 하수처리시설 유량 조정조에서의 복합악취와 황화수소는 교반시 각각 3,000배, 6.23 ppm, 비교반시 각각 300배, 0.20 ppm으로 조사되었다. 유입 분배조와 생슬러지 분배조는 하수와 슬러지 이송 파이프 라인의 낙차에 의해 내부에 양(+)압이 형성되므로 파이프 라인의 연장과 악취포집설비를 정상적으로 설치․운영하여 내부를 음(-)압 상태로 유지할 필요가 있다.

The experiment was performed for establishing the best condition of experiment and defining the issue of GC/FID methods based on HS-SPME-capillary column when TMA is measured in the air. Also the experiments are performed based on odor process test method alternately. At first, The result that KOH and NaOH were compared for eluting the TMA among the preprocessing processes, showed that NaOH is 2.2 times higher figure of area, 0.9972 of curve linearity(R2), and 1.96% of relative standard deviation. As a result using the ultrasonic cleaner and 30℃ constant temperature water bath, constant temperature water bath showed stabilized curve linearity (R2 0.9972) and relative standard deviation (RSD 2%). In advance of experiment conditions, the result performed acid filter paper method and acidic solution absorption among TMA sampling methods, is that acidic solution absorption detected 5 times better sensitivity than Acid filter paper method. Acidic solution absorption showed to provide excellent analysis sensitivity in this experiment restrictively. Therefore, in case of experiment by GC/FID method based on HS-SPME-capillary column, selection of sampling method expects that acidic solution absorption better effect and in case of disassemble reagent, NaOH and 30℃ constant temperature water bath is better effect in the experiment conditions.

IIn this research, ambient VOCs samples were collected by specially prepared stainless steel canisters from August 2002 to September 2004 at seven representative sites in Gumi. 29 kinds of VOCs which are presented by United States EPA method TO-14 were analyzed using GC/MSD. Based on the monitored data, the characteristics of VOCs concentrations in atmosphere in Gumi were grasped, pollution sources and contributions were also analyzed by PMF model, one kind of receptor models. As a whole, the average annual concentrations of VOCs in industrial complexes were higher than that in residential areas. In residential area1 and residential area2, the VOCs that had high concentrations in industrial complexes showed comparatively lower concentrations. But the aromatic substances mainly attributed to vehicle exhaust showed high concentrations which indicated that VOCs emitting sources in industrial areas have no direct effect on the VOCs concentration in residential areas. The results from PMF modeling indicated that a total of seven sources were independently identified and each source was contributed to the ambient Gumi City from Freon relation source (17%), electronic industrial complex source (27.86%), organic solvent source (19.26%), vehicle exhaust source (17.59%), Textile relation source (8.31%), and unknown source - 1, 2 were up to 2.96%, 7.02% in terms of VOCs, respectively.

The objective of this study was to estimate characteristics of the carbonyl compounds at electronic industrial complex including residential area in Gumi. Also, the spatial analysis was applied to estimate spatial distribution of carbonyl compounds in study area. A total of 196 samples were collected from March 2007 to December 2007 by 2,4-DNPH cartridge and 5 carbonyl compounds such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, iso-valeraldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde were analyzed by HPLC. In this study, acetaldehyde showed average concentration was highest among carbonyl compounds during the sampling period. Average concentrations of carbonyl compound were similar between industrial complex and residential area and/or industrial area showed slightly higher than residential area. The spatial distribution and regional sources of pollution of each compound estimated by IDW spatial analysis method for spatial interpolation. Also, this study suggests that it is necessary to estimate odor compounds and to identify sources and apportion the ambient odor in order to establish effective odor control strategies and manage odor problem in industrial complex area.

The density characteristics of aldehydes in Kumi electronic Industrial Complex are measured in the summer and autumn in this study. Considering the characteristics of Kumi, five representative monitoring sites in Kumi are selected. According to fair Korean odor method, samples are collected and analyzed from July 26th, 2005 to October, 10th. Investigation objects include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, iso-valeraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde. 40 samples in summer and 45 samples in autumn are measured and analyzed, respectively. The results show that the mean concentrations in residential area and industrial area are both obey the below sequence: acetaldehyde＞formaldehyde＞propionaldehyde＞butyraldehyde＞iso-valeraldehyde＞n-valeraldehyde. For acetaldehyde, its monitored concentration in industrial areas and residential areas close to industrial areas is higher than other areas. However, for formaldehyde, its concentration in the residential area 3 in tends to be higher than that in industrial areas. Based on seasons, concentrations in summer with long sunshine duration are higher than those in autumn. It can be seen that the density distribution of aldehyde in Kumi industrial complexes is closely related with the widely use of alcohol-type additives for automobiles and alcohol-type fuels. Meanwhile, most of the researches on aldehyde concentrate on capital areas or petrochemical industrial areas, taking the chance of odor prevention and control law implementing, the management scheme and reduction strategies on aldehyde ought to be carried out, which are also suitable to the enterprise characteristics in other industrial areas of this study.

Titanium dioxide was prepared by Polymer Complex Solution Method(PCSM) according to the mole ratio of Titanium (IV) isopropoxide(TTIP)/solvent and polymer(Poly Ethylene Glycol). Polymer electrolytes were usually made by dispersing preproduced ceramic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. Using this method, pure and nano-sized powder was synthesized through a simple procedure and polymer entrapment route. At the optimum amount of the polymer, the titanium ions are dispersed in solution and a homogeneous polymeric network is formed. The maximum intensity of anatase phase of was achieved by calcining at for 2h. The synthesized powders were nano-sized and the average size was about 50nm. Anatase/Rutile ratio of the synthesized was 70%/30%