Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH) whiskers were synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction by using MgO as the reactant as well as the acid solution. The effects of the H2SO4 amount and reaction time at the same temperature were studied. In general, MHSH whiskers were prepared using MgSO4 in aqueous ammonia. In this work, to reduce the formation of impurities and increase the purity of MHSH, we employed a synthesis technique that did not require the addition of a basic solution. Furthermore, the pH value, which was controlled by the H2SO4 amount, acted as an important factor for the formation of high-purity MHSH. MgO was used as the raw material because it easily reacts in water and forms Mg+ and MgOH+ ions that bind with SO4 2- ions to produce MHSH. Their morphologies and structures were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

본 연구는 촉매이용열처리 활엽수의 심·변재 구분에 따른 내후성 효과를 평가하기 위하여 실시하였다. 졸참나무, 구실잣밤나무, 백합나무를 심재와 변재로 구분한 시험편을 7.5%의 촉매제에 10분간 침지하여 열처리 장치에서 130℃에 90분간 열처리 후 백색 부후균(Trametes versicolor)을 사용하여 활엽수 심재와 변재의 내후성을 조사하였다. 촉매이용열처리 후 모든 조건에서 목재의 중량과 밀도가 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 부후처리 후 무처리와 비교하여 촉매이용열처리에서 낮은 중량감소율이 나타났으며, 수종별 비교에서는 졸참나무의 촉매이용열처리 변재에서 가장 낮은 중량감소가 나타났다. 촉매제를 이용한 열처리법은 부후균에 의한 목재의 부후저항을 효과적으로 증가시켰다.

In this study, to apply hydrogen energy to ship engine and to generate effective hydrogen production, we investigated the effects of high temperature H₂SO₄ feed rate and cooling water rate to pump parts with fixed frequency needed to reciprocate motion and a simulation was conducted at each condition. In the fixed frequency and cooling water inlet flow rate of 0.5 Hz and 3.9 kg/s, we changed the high temperature H₂SO₄ flow rate to 47.46 kg/s (it is 105 % of 45.2 kg/s), 49.72 kg/s (110 %), and 51.98 kg/s (115 %). Also, at 0.5 Hz and 45.2 kg/s of frequency and high temperature H₂SO₄ flow, the thermal hydraulic analysis was performed at the condition of 95 % (3.705 kg/s), 90 % (3.51 kg/s), and 85 % (3.315 kg/s). In overall simulation cases, the physical properties of materials are more influential to the temperature increase in the pump part rather than the changes on the feed rate of high temperature H₂SO₄ and cooling water. A continuous operation of pump was also capable even if the excess feed of high temperature H₂SO₄ of about 15 % or the less feed of cooling water of about 15 % were performed, respectively. When the increasing feed of high temperature H₂SO₄ of up to 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % were compared with base flow (45.2 kg/s), the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 4.5 s in the same position (same material). In case of cooling water, the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 5.9 s according to the decreasing feed changes of cooling water at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % compared to a base flow (3.9 kg/s). Finally, the additional researches related to the two different materials (Teflon and STS for Pitch and End-plate), which are concerned about the effects of temperature changes to the parts contacting different materials, are needed, and we have a plan to conduct a follow-up study.

To compare the photocatalytic performances of titania for purification of waste water according to applied voltages and doping, TiO2 films were prepared in a 1.0 M H2SO4 solution containing NH4F at different anodic voltages. Chemical bonding states of F-N-codoped TiO2 were analyzed using surface X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the co-doped TiO2 films was analyzed by the degradation of aniline blue solution. Nanotubes were formed with thicknesses of 200-300 nm for the films anodized at 30 V, but porous morphology was generated with pores of 1-2 μm for the TiO2 anodized at 180 V. The phenomenon of spark discharge was initiated at about 98 V due to the breakdown of the oxide films in both solutions. XPS analysis revealed the spectra of F1s at 684.3 eV and N1s at 399.8 eV for the TiO2 anodized in the H2SO4-NH4F solution at 180 V, suggesting the incorporation of F and N species during anodization. Dye removal rates for the pure TiO2 anodized at 30 V and 180 V were found to be 14.0% and 38.9%, respectively, in the photocatalytic degradation test of the aniline blue solution for 200 min irradiation; the rates for the F-N-codoped TiO2 anodized at 30 V and 180 V were found to be 21.2% and 65.6%, respectively. From the results of diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (DRS), it was found that the absorption edge of the F-N-codoped TiO2 films shifted toward the visible light region up to 412 nm, indicating that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is improved by appropriate doping of F and N by the addition of NH4F.

1. 더덕 및 참취 포장에 출현빈도로 나타나는 주요 우점 잡초는 더덕포장에서는 바랭이, 여뀌, 씀바귀, 명아주 등이었으며, 참취포장에서는 바랭이, 망초, 깨풀, 쇠비름, 여뀌, 민들레 등이었다. 그리고, 생체중으로 본 주요 우점잡초는 더덕포장에서는 쇠비름, 여뀌, 명아주, 피, 닭의장풀, 바랭이등이었고, 취나물포자엥서는 쇠비름, 여뀌, 피, 털진득찰, 망초등이었다. 2. 더덕포장에서는 쌍자엽 잡초의 생체중이 1133g/m2로 전체 잡초 생체중의 84.9%를 차지하였고 화본과 잡초가 13g/m2로 12.5%, 사초과 잡초가 28g/m2로 2.6%를 차지하여 주로 쌍자엽 잡초가 발생하는 결과를 보였다. 3. 대부분 농황산 처리를 하였을 때 잡초 종자의 발아율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 농황산 처리 시간과 잡초발아율과는 잡초종에 따라 차이를 보였다. 4. 쇠비름 건조종자에는 80℃ 3분 처리시 무처리에 비해 50%의 발아억제 효과를 나타냈으며, 150˚이상의 고온에서는 30초 전후의 처리시간으로 100% 발아억제효과를 보였다. 습윤종자가 건조종자에 비해 발아력 상실에 요하는 온도 및 처리시간이 낮거나, 단축되는 경향을 보이며 100℃의 30초 처리시, 쇠비름이 78%의 발아율을 보인 반면, 바랭이는 발아가 전혀 되지 않아 고온에 대한 종자 활력의 감퇴가 쇠비름 종자 보다 바랭이 종자가 더 심하였다.

인삼종자의 내과지는 배생장을 현저히 억제시켰다. 이 억제작용은 내과지에 의한 수분흡수 때문이 아니라 기계적인 것으로 추측되어졌다. 수산화나트리움 2.5％ 용액에 인참종자를 10분 내지 30분 침적시키므로써 배생장을 촉진시킬 수 있었으나 황산처리는 인삼종자의 배생장에 영향을 주지 못했다.