본 연구는 청년구직자들의 학력수준에 따라 직무만족과 어떤 관계가 있는지 인적자본이론을 중심으로 연구를 목적으로 한다. 한국고용정보 원의 최근 자료인 “대졸자 직업이동 경로조사 2019년” 자료를 활용하 여 이항로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과 청년근로자의 적정한 학력수준은 직무에 만족할 가능성이 높다는 것을 확인하였고 전공계열에서는 인문계열과 교육계열이 예체능계열보다 직무만족도가 낮다는 것을 확인하였다. 우리나라의 과잉학력 현실을 보여주는 것으로 교육열풍이 높은 시대 아직 과잉학력 문제는 연구가 활발히 진행되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 향후 청년들의 일에 대한 선택과정에서 어떤 요 인들이 직무만족과 밀접한 관계가 있는지 종단적으로 분석할 필요가 있다.

대학은 끊임없이 새로운 지식을 만들고 기술혁신을 통하여 가치를 생산하는 핵심 기관이다. 본 연구에서는 삼중나선모델(Triple Helix Model)의 변화와 진화를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 선진기술의 습득과 소화, 개선과 추월을 통한 과정에 요구되었던 다양한 인력양성 육성과 정책분석의 질적연구를 활용하였다. 1960년대는 기능공과 기술공 위주로 기능적역량이, 1980년 대와 1990년대는 대학원제도가 정착, 고급 인력양성과 함께 정부주도의 대학-기업연구소와의 Triple Helix Model (THM) 혁신활동에 필요한 기능과 기술역량의 인력양성이 강조되었다. 2000년대는 첨단․신산업에 요구되는 창의적 인재양성으로 진화하였고 대학 중심 THM이 본격적으로 추진되는 연구역량이 요구되었고 2010년 이후 창의와 융합역량의 인력양성 방향 성을 대학스스로 결정하는 큰 변화로 진화하였고, 이에 본 연구에서는 창조와 융합 인력양성의 지속적 수행을 위한 혁신모델로 ‘삼중나선싱크로시나리오모델’을 제시한다. 대학은 자유롭게 문제를 찾아내고 정부는 신기술을 위한 지원과, 개인경험과 기업문제를 하나의 시나리오로 엮어 이를 해결하고자 하는 도전의 장이 되어 끊임없는 혁신을 견인해야 한다.

본 연구는 중국 민영기업 최고경영자의 정치적 연계가 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 상층부 이론과 인적 자본 이론을 통해 살펴보았다. 최고경영자의 개인적인 특성은 기업의 전략적인 의사결정에 직간접적인 영향을 미치며, 또한 기업 특유의 장점으로서 지속가능한 성장을 위한 기업의 인적 자본으로도 작용한다. 이에 본 연구는 중국 민영기업 최고경영자가 보유한 정치적 연계가 기업의 인적 자본으로서 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지 실증적으로 확인하고자 하였다. 또한, 정치적 연계의 직접적인 대상인 중국 지방정부를 계층적으로 나누어 정치적 연계라는 인적 자본의 가치와 영향력의 차이 역시 살펴보았으며, 기업의 규모와 연령과 같은 구조적인 특성이 이러한 관계를 조절할 것으로 기대하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 2008년부터 2016년까지 중국 상하이와 선전 증권거래소에 상장된 1,452개 민영기업 총 9,903개의 관측치를 대상으로 분석하였으며, 그 결과 최고경영자의 정치적 연계는 기업 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 정치적 연계를 계층적인 지방정부로 나누어 살펴보았을 때, 최상위 지방정부인 성급 지방정부와의 정치적 연계만이 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 최고경 영자가 보유한 인적 자본의 가치와 영향력은 성급 지방정부와 연관이 있을 때만 발휘되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한, 기업 규모가 크고, 기업 연령이 높으면, 성급 지방정부와의 정치적 연계가 경영성과에 미치는 긍정적인 영향이 각각 완화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

China’s sole nationality principle was formulated at the beginning of the People’s Republic of China. However, it was not officially adopted as a legal standard until 1980 when New China promulgated its first nationality act. Sole nationality, initiated as an expedient for foreign policy, was originally designed to help with neighbourliness. However, not only did it fail to achieve this goal, but it even resulted in more domestic institutional discrimination among Chinese people. Nowadays, in such a globalization and ‘humanrightization’ era, international law and domestic nationality laws in most countries throughout the world recognize an individual’s right to a nationality, and accept dual nationality so as to facilitate migrants’ returning to their homelands and help them reintegrate into local communities. Contemporary theory and practice of international law support the legitimacy of dual nationality. Also, China has experience in dealing with dual nationality. It would therefore be legitimate, beneficial and practical for China to restore dual nationality.

International academic mobility demands certainty on the academic backgrounds of students, professors, scholars, researchers, experts and consultants. Frequently, institutions and authorities in charge of the recognition of qualifications have installed administrative processes to validate the authenticity of academic credentials and transcripts. This is also the case when it comes to qualification's recognition for professional matters. In some economies, the requisite of the "apostille" and/or the demand for other legalization requirements are seen as a possible route to guarantee authenticity. Still, in the information age, using printed documents might not necessarily be the best way to administer human capital mobility. This paper will discuss an initiative to look into the future in terms of how to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of recognition among the APEC economies: The AsiaPacific Academic Credit and Qualifications Bank.

In science and engineering programs in the U.S. in 2000 China, South Korea and India were top countries of origin sending students. More than half of the students intend to stay in the U.S. Immigration, education and occupational choices all have human ca

This paper examines how human capital and other economic variables, such as private investment, economic growth, government investment, inflation, and unemployment influence inequality in Indonesia’s provinces. We apply panel data model with fixed effect estimation for the data of 34 provinces from the period 2013 to 2019. We develop a new index for human capital using the education index approach. The results show that human capital has a negative and significant effect on income inequality. An increase in human capital is related to an increase in knowledge and competence due to the longer average school year and expectations of the school year. Human capital has increased the possibility of a person being accepted into the job market and earning a higher income; hence, it lowers income inequality. We also find that inflation leads to a higher gap of income distribution. A further implication of this situation is that the rise in inflation causes an increase in low-income people, and as a consequence, makes their lives worse off. This paper will be beneficial for policy-makers for whom human capital, which is measured using an education index, is an important factor that significantly affects income inequality, in addition to other economic factors.

This research seeks to explain factors and relationship models of entrepreneurs capable of building service innovations in Andaman coast with the ultimate aim to ignite sufficient development of regional tourism, increase working potentials, and provide a guideline for tour operations. Initially, document examination and discussions with five experts were conducted to build in-depth interview questions. 19 entrepreneurs were interviewed to examine factors involved and we consulted later with the five experts and six successful entrepreneurs in the regions, as well as with the representatives of the Association of Thai Tour Operators and Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) of Phuket, Krabi, and Trang. The results were analyzed according to the theory of resource-based and innovative entrepreneurs. The factors obtained were generated from systematic causes: Nature of Entrepreneurships and Organizational capabilities, the mediator variables of Service Innovation Capability; and Organizational Performance (non-finance). Moreover, the external factors needing to be adjusted regarding the environmental changes were described. The tour operators are suggested to build networking to increase tourism potential with sustainability by providing the entrepreneurs opportunities to be involved in tourism development, accessing the knowledge, technology and innovations resulting in sustainable tourism, quality livelihood, and sustainable ecological management of communities.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of human capital supply chain on the firm performance mediated by innovation culture and innovation process on small- and medium-sized construction enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. A survey has been distributed to all construction SMEs that have direct involvement in construction work (contractors and subcontractors). The construction SMEs including medium- and small-scale construction services in three Provinces, namely, the special region of Yogyakarta, East Java, and Central Java. Through purposive sampling technique, primary data is collected by giving a questionnaire to the owner/manager of construction SMEs. The target sample in this study was 200 respondents who have been operating for a minimum of two years. 154 valid questionnaires could be processed. Data analysis uses structural equation modeling with AMOS 24. The results of the study conclude that there is a positive effect on human capital supply chain on firm performance mediated by innovation culture and innovation process, while innovation culture does not affect firm performance. In sum, the innovation culture mediates the relationship between human capital supply chain and firm performance, and the innovation process mediates the relationship between human capital supply chain and firm performance.

Internationalization of SMEs has gathered pace in recent times with falling trade barriers and rising world trade encouraging small firms to seek profits and growth in foreign markets. This has attracted the attention of researchers, and several studies have been conducted in Western nations on the factors influencing the process of SME internationalization. However, hardly any study has been done on SME internationalization in the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) region, thus leaving a gap in the literature. This study investigates the influence of four factors, namely, human capital, network competency, entrepreneurial orientation, and market volatility on the degree of internationalization of SMEs in Oman. The study employs survey data collected from 150 SME owners and managers using a structured questionnaire having 27 items, and has been analyzed using correlation and logistic regression, as the dependent variable is binary in nature. The results reveal the impact of the chosen variables on the degree of internationalization of SMEs. The findings of the study suggest that network competency has the highest impact on degree of internationalization of Omani SMEs, followed by human capital and entrepreneurial orientation, while market volatility, though insignificant, moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and degree of internationalization of Omani SMEs.

The paper aims to investigate whether foreign direct investment (FDI) has positive effect on the labour productivity in Vietnam. Labour productivity is the elemental determinant of a country’s development level in long-term. In recent years, although increasing consistently, labour productivity of Vietnam remains low in comparison to other South East Asian countries. To identify the direction of effect and the level of effect of FDI and human capital on the labour productivity of Vietnam, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to examine the effect of FDI and human capital on labour productivity in Vietnam from 1986 to 2014. The results of bounds test confirm the existence of cointegration among the variables. Further, the Toda and Yamamoto Granger causality test affirms that there is unidirectional causality running from foreign direct investment and human capital index to labour productivity. The empirical results provide strong statistical evidence that foreign direct investment and human capital has a positive impact on labour productivity in Vietnam in long-term. These findings imply that workers are expected to further improve their knowledge, skills and that policy-maker should establish concrete plans to increase human capital. Results from this study provide suggestion necessary for Vietnam to achieve sustainable development.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the main approaches to assessing human capital and develop proposals for its most objective assessment of it at the different levels of manifestation - individual, microeconomic and macroeconomic. The article considers the basic approaches to the evaluation of human capital, used in practice: retrospective (costly) and prospective (income based). Cost based methods involve measuring the value of human capital based on the total costs associated with its formation. The proposed additional evaluation criteria, in particular, the use of the expert approach and the developed indicators of a qualitative assessment of the human capital of the enterprise will allow development that is more efficient and use of available human resources. Human capital is becoming a major factor in the formation and development of an innovative economy and knowledge economy. Accordingly, the proposed additions to the assessment of human capital at the country level are aimed at assessing it from a new angle, taking into account the current global trends in the formation of an innovative economy and digitalization. They meet qualitatively new requirements for human capital as the main productive factor in the creation of new highly efficient technologies that promote the active development of the social sphere, science, education, health, etc.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to rationale the new approach to analysis of the human capital as a factor of effective development of a national economy and increase the level of country’s competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - This research aims the furthest development of the conception in human capital formation. The study made on the base of the methods with scientific classification and systematization, that is, comparative, statistical analysis, economic-mathematic method, and expert assessment and ratings. Results - This research attempted to measure the correlation between the human capital elements and the level of country’s competitiveness. The study revealed that formation of the competitive human capital cannot be considered in separation from the development and modernization of education system, the improvement of employment sphere, and the creation of effective interaction between them through the system of professional skills. Conclusions - The competitive human capital formation is one of the most important goals in the innovative economy construction and modern development, and it is also indispensable subject. Especially in the condition of economic crises, the necessity of formation and development of the effective human capital is considerably increasing. Realization of this task requires the development and stimulation of all the factors influencing the growing human potential.

This research is aimed the furthest development of the conception of Human capital formation. The study made on the base of methods of scientific classification and systematization; dialectical method and the method of scientific abstraction, systematic and comparative analysis; expert assessment and ratings. Formation of the competitive human capital is one of the most important goals of modern development of Kazakhstan in condition of the innovative economy construction. In this context the necessity of formation and development of the effective human capital considerably increases. Realization of this requires definition of a technique of measurement of its cost as well. The authors attempt to calculate the value of human capital for Kazakhstan during independency time. In order to determine the methods of its quantitative and qualitative assessment different methodological ways for human capital research are studied. On the basis of the study, it was revealed that formation of the competitive human capital can't be considered in a separation from development and modernization of system of quality education, improvement of the employment sphere, worthy payment for work.

본 논문은 21세기 지식기반 경제의 가치 창출 원천이 새로운 아이디어와 창의성의 주체인 인적자본에 있음을 근거로 국내 온라인게임 기업 인적자본 운영의 효율성을 연구해보았다. 온라인게임 산업은 최근 국가 신성장 동력으로 주목 받고 있는 문화콘텐츠 서비스업의 하나로, 세계 최고의 기술과 콘텐츠를 기반으로 하여 높은 연평균 성장률과 수출 공헌도를 보이고 있는 산업이다. 이런 맥락에서 본 논문은 인적자본이론, 지식경제이론, 경제성장이론에 기초하여 온라인게임 산업에서 인적자본이 지속적인 성장을 견인할 수 있음을 이론적으로 규명하였다. 또한 대표적인 비모수적 분석모형인 자료 포락 분석(DEA)을 통하여 국내 온라인게임 기업의 인적자원 운영 규모, 투자, 교육, 보상의 투입 효율성을 기업의 산출이라고 할 수 있는 매출을 기준으로 실증 분석 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 국내 온라인게임 기업들에게 미래의 지속 가능한 성장 동력인 인적자본을 운영함에 있어 최적의 효율성을 달성할 수 있도록 전략적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다