Teshima has been a quiet and beautiful island, but started to be imaged as an "island of wastes" because of the 600,000 tons of industrial wastes thrown there illegally. Now it symbolizes the problem of industrial wastes in Japan. Teshima development company, an industrial waste disposer, started to dispose industrial wastes illegally in the west side of the island, since the late 1970s. Hyogo Police Station exposed this illegal act, and arrested 6 persons of the company, including its president, in charge of having violated the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law in 1991. This illegal disposition has continued for 13years until it was exposed by the police. Teshima case of industrial wastes are introduced in this paper.

자원순환기본법 제정 및 폐기물관리법의 개정으로 폐자원의 재활용 방향성을 확대하고 직매립 제로화 정책 추진에 따른 2035년 매립률 1.0% 목표의 달성을 위해 재활용 다양화 등 처리개선을 통한 매립억제방안 도출 및 효과 분석이 필요하다. 올바로시스템을 통한 사업장배출시설계폐기물 중 무기성폐기물의 열적처리폐기물류 약 91%(23,799,183 톤/년)는 재활용 처리되고 있으며, 약 8%(2,002,584 톤/년) 매립처분되고 있다. 사업장의 업종에 따라 발생되는 열적처리폐기물의 성상은 매우 다양할 것으로 나타난다. 따라서 한국표준산업분류코드(9차)를 이용하여 업종을 세분화시켜 매립처분량이 많은 업종을 분류하였다. 대분류 21개로 분류하고 제조업(C)의 경우 중분류 항목이 24개로 산업내용의 유사성을 정리하여 8개 항목으로 재분류하였다. 한국표준산업분류코드에 따라 광재류의 매립처분을 살펴본 결과, 매립처분이 가장 많은 업종은 제조업(C)으로 매립처분비율은 49.6%(81,762 톤)를 차지하고 있다. 제조업에서 재분류된 금속업 매립처분 비율이 25.5%(42,020 톤)로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 전기·전자기계 제조업에서 매립처분비율이 17.3%(28,599 톤) 나타났다. 소각재의 매립처분을 확인한 결과, 전체 발생량 대비 78.8%가 대부분 매립처분 되고 있다. 매립처분량이 가장 많은 업종은 하수･폐기물 처리, 원료재생 및 환경 복원업(E)에서 매립처분비율이 75.7%(1,135,109 톤)을 나타냈다. 또한 제조업(C)에서 매립처분비율 17.9%(268,431 톤)을 나타냈으며 제조업 중 재분류된 업종인 목재 및 제지업에서 매립 처분비율이 13.6%(203,359 톤)로 제조업 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있다.

중금속으로 오염된 토양과 광미는 지하수 및 생태계에 추가적으로 피해를 발생시킨다. 이러한 독성 금속의 축적은 식물의 성장억제 및 인체의 발달이상, 발암과 같은 다양한 질병의 원인이 된다. 오염된 토양에서 중금속을 정화하는 방법으로는 고형화/안정화, 토양세척, 토양경작법 등과 같이 다양한 방법이 있다. 하지만 부지 및 오염특성에 따라 적절한 방법을 사용해야 한다. 적절한 방법 중 하나는 오염된 토양의 고형화/안정화이다. 본 연구의 목적은 오염된 토양 및 광미 내 존재하고 있는 중금속을 고형화/안정화 공법을 적용하여 정화하는 방법을 제안하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 오염토양 내 중금속을 고형화/안정화 시키고 강도 증진을 위해 MICP 토착미생물과 산업폐기물인 굴패각, 폐석고를 배합하여 고화제로 사용하였다. 국내의 중금속 오염토양과 광미에서 MICP 토착미생물을 분리하였고 균체 지방산 분석을 통하여 동정을 진행하였다. 각각의 시료에서 분리한 균주를 동정한 결과 가장 많이 유사성을 보이는 균주는 Brevibacillus centrosporus 와 Bacillus megaterium 이었다. 또한 MICP 토착미생물의 최적 성장 조건을 도출하였으며, 산업폐기물과 MICP 토착미생물의 최적 배합비를 적용한 공시체의 일축압축강도 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 28일 경과 후 일축압축강도는 미국 EPA 폐기물처리 표준 기준을 만족하였으며, 위해성 평가를 위한 TCLP, SPLP 분석 결과 미국 EPA 기준을 만족하였다.

The purpose of this study was to suggest feasible disposal methods for heavy-metal-contaminated soil or mine tailings through solidification/stabilization. To improve the compressive strength and enhance the heavy-metal stabilization after solidification/stabilization, we used the industrial wastes (oyster shell powder and waste gypsum) and indigenous bacteria as immobilization agents. Three indigenous bacteria were isolated from each heavy-metal-contaminated soil or mine tailing site, and the bacteria were identified by cellular fatty acid composition analysis. The results of cellular fatty acid composition analysis showed that the closest strains of these bacteria are Brevibacillus centrosporus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and Bacillus megaterium. To the best of our knowledge, this research was the first report of biomineralization by Brevibacillus centrosporus. As a result of mixing additives with the optimum mixing ratio suggested in this study, the compressive strengths of specimens were satisfied in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) waste treatment standard after 28 days of aging. Additionally, the results of the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) analysis showed the successful immobilization of heavy metals after 28 days of specimen formation for solidification/stabilization.

This study evaluated the applications of ecotoxicity for management plan on industrial waste, and suggested the strategy for assessment of the ecotoxicological characteristic. From the results of ecotoxicity for waste synthetic resin, sludge, slag, waste dust, etc. 20 industrial wastes, 15 waste samples were analyzed in ecotoxic. In particular, 8 waste samples (about 62%) among the 13 non-hazardous wastes were confirmed ecotoxic. Therefore, the additional studies are necessary by increasing the number of samples and confirming the various types of waste. The correlation coefficient of arsenic and vanadium was highly estimated that 0.68, 0.44, respectively. The ecotoxicity for wastes should be managed as a comprehensive toxic in the future. Because the wastes has the high potential ecotoxic by the possibility of containing hazardous materials with discharge process and the interaction of heavy metals, ions, salt, and pH and so on. The hazardous characteristic of waste for ecotoxicity should be evaluated through the ecotoxic analysis in 3 steps by the proposed procedure for assessment of ecotoxicological characteristic.

This study was experimented by reviewing the possibility of applying non-sintered loess as a building material. Andthis study was to evaluate and compare flexural and compressive strengths characteristics of cementless mortar with non-sintered loess according to percentage of non-sintered loess and the type of curing without adding any cement. SEM,chloride ion penetration resistance and chemical resistance were also evaluated and compared to study characteristics ofcementless mortar with non-sintered loess. In order to evaluate the characteristics of cementless mortar with non-sinteredLoess. Test pieces were fabricated at 3, 7 and 28 days depending on the percentage of non-sintered loess and the typeof curing. And also normal portland cement mortar were fabricated to compare with cementless mortar with non-sinteredloess. The result of this study, Properties of cementless mortar with non-sintered loess strength are generally lower thannormal portland cement mortar. However cementless mortar with non-sintered loess which is mixed 20% show equallyas normal portland cement mortar. Also, cementless mortar with non-sintered loess show excellent results than normalportland cement mortar in the durability characteristics. The purpose of this study was to expand the utilizable scope ofnon-sintered loess and to use the basic data as a applying building material in the future.

In this research, we tried to find a solution for problem of urban sewage treatment with coal fly ash and gypsum as industrial wastes. Furthermore, we examine the feasibility of reusing coal fly ash and gypsum which increasing amount of industrial wastes as urban sewage treatment materials and the concern for urban sewage coagulation and adsorption mechanism. The result shows that when 800 mg/L of coal fly ash sintered at 700oC are injected into urban sewage, optimum removal efficiency of CODCr is 87.3%, indicating more 5% improvement than of treating with not sintered condition. The study finds that when 1000 mg/L of gypsum are injected into urban sewage without sintering, optimum removal efficiency of CODCr and turbidity indicate 87.4% and 93.7% respectively.

The emissions characteristics of particulate matters(PM) according to the types of wastes from industrial waste incinerator of 800 kg/hr treatment capacity were investigated. For this study, the incinerate waste are as follows; waste resin, waste wood, waste urethane, waste gunny, and waste paper. The particulate samples were collected to be emitted in stack and air pollution control(both cyclone and bag filter). In stack, the concentrations of PM were in the range of 2.61 to 26.51 ㎎/S㎥ and the major chemical species were C, Si, Cl, K, Na, Ca in all the wastes. In cyclone fly ash, the mean content of heavy metal were in the order of Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > Hg and the heavy metal content of waste resin were Zn 34,197.5 mg/kg, Fe 27,587.6 mg/kg, Pb 6,055.8 mg/kg, respectively. In bag filter fly ash, the mean content of heavy metal were in the order of Zn > Pb > Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr > Ni > As > Hg and the heavy metal content of waste wood were Pb 36,405.2 mg/kg, Fe 15,762.9 mg/kg, Cu 9,989.5 mg/kg, Cd 2,230.1 mg/kg, respectively. Comparing the heavy metal content of both cyclone and bag filter, in cyclone, the Cr, Fe, Ni content were higher than in bag filter and the Cd, Cu, Hg content were lower than in bag filter.