Aphids are well-known insect pests that, due to their feeding habits, affect various crops' productivity and marketability. Additionally, they cause significant damage worldwide as vectors of viruses. Chemical pesticides are widely used to control these agricultural pests. However, due to resistance to various chemical pesticides, pest control is becoming difficult in agricultural environments. Entomopathogenic fungi such as the genus Metarhizium and Beauveria are being extensively researched as alternatives to these chemical pesticides. In this study, the mycological properties of isolated from soil Metarhizium pemphigi IPBL-H and the insecticidal activity of this strain against Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii were evaluated for potential of development as a biopesticide.

Yellow flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis is mainly controlled using chemical control methods. But the continuous use of chemical pesticides in greenhouse may contribute to development of insecticide resistance. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of eleven insecticides against the WFT occurring in greenhouse pepper cultivation in the Gyeonggi province. The results showed no resistance in treatments with emamectin benzoate, fluxametamide, and flometoquin while high levels of resistance were recorded in treatments with acrinathrin, acetamiprid, and dinotefuran. The Anseong and Yeoju population was more resistant against spinetoram and chlorfluazuron, respectively, than populations from other regions.

The development of biochemical pesticides to replace existing chemical pesticides and the search for new substances with potential insecticidal ability are continuously required. The purpose of this study is to control myzus persicae with pyrethrum biochemical pesticide containing of high concentration of pyrethrin as an active ingredient. Pyrethrum dried powder was extracted with 95% ethanol for different periods of time and it was confirmed that the pyrethrin content increased as the extraction period increased and the extraction conditions for 20 days had the highest yield with 0.2% pyrethrin. We produced a prototype containing 0.13% pyrethrin content (pyrethrin II: 0.06%, pyrethrin I: 0.06%). and in 200 fold dilute spray condition. It showed a 77.2% corrected mortality against myzus persicae which is comparable to chemical pesticide. We are continuously researching to reduce the decomposition of active ingredients and look for additives to increase the insecticidal activity.

배에 피해를 주는 해충 중 하나인 주경배나무이는 2~3월 경 배나무의 거친껍질 밑에서 겨울을 난 후 나무 위로 올라가 산란하는데, 이 때를 월동 후 방제적기로 한다. 월동 후 방제에는 주로 기계유유제를 사용하고 있으나 저온피해가 자주 발생하거나 나무의 세력이 약한 농가는 방제 후에 언피해 발생을 우려하여 살충제를 살포하거 나 방제를 하지 않는다. 월동 후 발생밀도를 조절하지 못할 경우 생육기에 피해가 커지기 때문에 기계유유제를 대체할 수 있는 약제를 확인하고자 하였다. 또한 2023년 2월 EU 수출 대상 농가에는 아바멕틴 성분의 살충제 사용을 제한하는 규제가 발표되어 생육기에 발생하는 주경배나무이 여름형 성충에도 아바멕틴 성분을 대신하 여 적용 가능한 약제를 선정하고자 하였다. 주경배나무이 대상 등록 약제 중 아바멕틴, 아세타미프리드, 이미다 클로프리드, 설폭사플로르를 시험약제로 선정하였으며, 약제검정 결과 겨울형 성충에는 아세타미프리드 > 아 바멕틴 > 이미다클로프리드 > 설폭사플로르, 여름형 성충에는 아바멕틴 > 설폭사플로르 > 이미다클로프리드 > 아세타미프리드 순으로 살충률이 확인되었다. 살충력 추가 검정 및 여름형과 겨울형 성충의 충체 특성을 비교 한 후 기계유유제 및 아바멕틴 성분 대신 사용이 가능한 약제 성분을 권장할 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is one of the worldwide distributed agricultural pest insects and has been known to show high resistance to conventional chemical insecticides. Since it has been reported that secondary metabolites from actinomycetes show insecticidal activities against various insect pests, actinomycetes could be a potential source of insecticidal compounds. In this study, culture extracts of Streptomyces strains were tested for their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera exigua. Among them, culture extracts of IMBL-0003 strain which was identified as Streptomyces celluloflavus showed a high insecticidal activity (more than 90% mortality). These results suggested that secondary metabolites of this isolate could have potentials to be a efficient eco-friendly pesticide for controling Spodoptera exigua.

Stilbene-based fluorescent brighteners (FB) have been shown to enhance insecticidal activities of entomopathogenic viruses but little is known its effect on entomopathogenic bacteria. We investigated the effect of two FBs (FB 28 and FB 71) on the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) as well as the Lymantria dispar multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) in Lymantria dispar asiatica. FB 28 increased the mortality at the combination with low concentration (1.6×102 IU/ml) of Btk, but FB 71 slightly reduced the mortality with middle and high concentrations (1.6×103 and 1.6×104 IU/ml) of Btk in comparison to Btk alone. Both FB 28 and FB 71 increased mortality in combination with LdMNPV at all concentrations (3×102, 3×104, and 3×106 POBs/ml) compared to LdMNPV alone. Our findings suggest that FBs enhanced pathogenic activities but depend on chemical nature of FBs.

열대식물인 인도멀구슬나무(Azadirachta indica)는 병해충과 방제와 의학적인 목적으로 오랫동안 이용하였다. 본고에서는 님제의 활성 성분인 아자디라크틴의 해충에 대한 곤충생장조절, 기피, 섭식저해, 산란억제 등 다양한 작용기작과 국내 이용현황에 대하여 고찰하였다. 국내 유 통되는 친환경유기농자재 중에서 님제 제품은 총 57종이었다. 그중 효능효과가 표시된 자재는 7종이었고 평균 아자디라크틴 함량은 0.38%로써 세계적으로 유통되는 평균 함량 2.1%와 비교할 때 약 5.5배 낮았다. 국내에서 님제의 방제효과에서 진딧물은 실험에서 다소 변이는 있었으나 대 부분 90% 이상의 방제효과를 보였다. 꽃매미 약충에 누적살충률은 73~77%를 보였고, 총채벌레에 대한 방제가는 50~72% 범위로 살포효과가 인정되었다. 노린재와 나방류에 대한 방제효과는 대체적으로 낮았다. 본고는 유통되는 님제품의 이해와 실험자료의 해석에 필요한 주요한 정보를 제공해줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.