살충제 저항성 목화진딧물 집단(완주, 춘천, 고성)에 대한 3종(afidopyropen, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole) 약제별 감수성과 혼용에 따른 방제 효과를 평가하였다. 3개 야외집단에 대해서 3약제 모두100배 이상의 저항성비를 보였다. 혼합제의 협력작용을 평가하기 위해 반수치사농도(LC50) 을 이용한 조합지수(CI), %M(synergism), 연합독성계수(CTC), 와들리 비율(WR), 상승비율(SR)와 사충률을 이용한 아보트 비율(AR)로 비교하였 다. Afidopyropen + chlorfenapyr은 모든 야외집단에 대해서 살충활성의 증가를 보였고, chlorfenapyr + cyantraniliprole, afidopyropen + cayntraniliprole은 완주, 춘천 집단에 대해서 살충활성의 증가를 보였다. 그러나 chlorfenapyr + cyantraniliprole (CI, 1.63; %M(synergism), 30; CTC, 64.0; WR, 0.6, AR, 0.54)과 afidopyropen + cyantraniliprole (CI, 6.7; %M(synergism), 1; CTC, 19.8; WR, 0.2, AR ≤ 0.55)은 고성 집단에 서 길항작용을 나타내었다. 포장조건에서도 afidopyropen + chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + cyantraniliprole, afidopyropen + cyantraniliprole 은 99% 이상의 높은 방제가를 보여 향후 살충제 저항성 목화진딧물 방제용 혼합제 개발에 유용하게 활용될 것이다.
주방세제의 진딧물 살충효과와 분국화 생육에 미치는 영향 을 알아보기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 복숭아혹진딧물과 목화 진딧물을 대상으로 주방세제 100, 200, 400배액 단용처리와 주방세제 400배액 100mL에 소주 10mL 또는 20mL를 혼용 하여 분무 처리하였다. 그 결과 주방세제 400배 이하의 모든 농도에서 복숭아혹진딧물은 85%, 목화진딧물은 90%의 살충 률을 보였다. 주방세제와 소주 혼용처리에 의한 살충효과 상 승은 보이지 않았다. 하우스안에서 진딧물이 많이 발생한 분 국화 잎에 400배액 이하의 농도로 3일 간격으로 2회 처리함 으로써 90% 이상의 진딧물이 감소되는 효과를 얻을 수 있었 다. 또한 분국화를 재배하면서 3~4일 간격으로 5주간 지속적 으로 주방세제를 처리했을 때, 대조구에서는 90% 잎에서 진 딧물이 발생한데 비해, 모든 주방세제 단독 처리구에서는 발 생율이 15% 이하로 낮게 유지되었다. 또한 국화의 생체중, 초 장, 엽수는 주방세제 농도가 높아질수록 조금씩 낮아지는 경 향이었으나, 초폭이나 분지수에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 주방세제 200배 이하의 농도에서는 국화의 잎이 갈변되거나 꽃잎 끝이 백화되는 약해가 관찰되었다.
꽃노랑총채벌레는 국화, 장미, 고추, 토마토 등 여러 작물의 잎, 꽃, 과실을 흡즙 및 산란을 통해 피해를 주며 토마토반점위조바이러스(TSWV)와 국화줄기괴저바이러스(CSNV) 등을 매개한다. 재배작기, 환경, 품종등에 따라 총채벌레류의 발생과 피해가 다양하게 나타나는 국화는 총채벌레류 및 매개 바이러스병으로 인해 약 20∼30%의 생산량이 감소된다. 또한 총채벌레류에 대한 약제저항성 계통의 출현이 지속적으로 보고되어 살충제의 교호사용에 주의가 필요한 방제가 어려운 해충 중 하나이다. 살충력이 높은 살충제를 선정하기 위하여 시판하는 국화 총채벌레류 등록 살충제 Acetamiprid, Acetamiprid+Spinetoram, Acrinathrin, Benfuracarb, Buprofezin+Thiamethxam, Chlorfenapyr+ lothiandin, Chlorfenapyr+Imidacloprid, Emamectin+Benzoate, Imidacloprid, Thimethoxam 10종을 꽃노랑총채벌레에 살포 한 결과 유효성분으로 Pyrroles계인 Chlorfenapyr를 함유한 살충제의 살충력이 가장 높았다. 총채벌레류의 화학적 방제 시 Chlorfenapyr가 함유한 살충제를 사용하는 것이 효과적이다.
We had evaluated of insecticidal effect from Insecticide-treated net (ITN) that coated by deltamethrin against Monochamus alternatus which serves as a vector for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this experiment, vector has been shown that rapid insecticidal effect response time within 1 hour when they were contacted with ITN. In addition, vectors were showed high mortality within 48 hours. To evaluate insecticidal persistency of ITN and whether releasing insecticide to water, ITNs were soaked in water over various time periods. Water has not shown insecticidal effect to vectors and small amount of insecticide were detected that would not be harmful to other non-target organic being such as honeybee. Also, reduction of insecticidal effect was not observed from the ITN. Taken together, our results suggest that ITN had got highly insecticidal effect to vector as well as could be applied to effectively prevent dispersal of the vector on the field.
Insecticide resistance and activation of the metabolic detoxification enzymes of female Culex pipiens pallens by the blood meal were assessed using a micro-application bioassay and micro-plate enzyme activity assays. Four group of Cx. pipiens pallens were used, a susceptible non-engorging group at seven days after emerging, SNE7 Cp; a resistant non-engorging group at seven days after emerging, RNE7 Cp; a resistant engorged group at one day after blood feeding and a resistant engorged group at seven days after blood feeding, REG7 Cp. Insecticide resistance of Cx. pipiens pallans was increased by the blood feeding. Based on LC50 values, SNE7 Cp demonstrated >50 fold of higher susceptibility to all tested insecticides when compared with RNE7 Cp. RNE7 Cp showed higher susceptibility to all tested insecticides than REG1 Cp and REG7 Cp with a relative susceptibility LC50 (SRLC50) of 25.8 to 50.0 and 25.0 to 48.8. In micro-plate enzyme assays, the metabolic detoxification enzyme activity of Cx. pipiens pallans adult females was increased by the blood feeding. Activation of non-specific esterases (EST), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and mixed function oxidase (MFO) in RNE7 were higher than in SNE7 and the all tested enzymes in REG1 and REG7 demonstrated significantly higher enzyme activation than RNE7, except for activation of GST in REG1. Activation of MFO in REG1 and REG7 were 209.4- and 74.6- fold higher than in REG7, respectively. Non-specific esterases (EST) and glutathione-S-transferase exhibited < 10 fold of higher Rr values. These results may be significant in terms of the criteria that are used to evaluate resistance, because blood fed female mosquitoes may show enhanced expression of the resistance phenotype, possibly allowing for earlier detection of insecticide resistance.
This study was carried out to evaluate toxicities of two formulations (microemulsion, ME and wettable powder, WP) for acetamiprid+etofenprox against aphids (Aphis gossypii), thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) on the cucumber greenhouse and whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci Qbiotype) on the tomato greenhouse. The activities of two formulations were evaluated by testing residual effect and toxicities against eggs, nymphs and adults of whiteflies in the laboratory, and control effect in the greenhouse against whiteflies, aphids and thrips. All trials were tested at the recommended concentration(RC) and a half concentration of RC of each formulation. In the laboratory trials against eggs and nymphs of whiteflies, the effect of ME was more effective than that of WP and showed more than 80% ovicidal activities, and 40%~60% larvicidal activities on the 3rd instars nymph of whiteflies at the recommended and its half concentrations. On the residual effect against the adults of the two whitefly species, WP formulation was more effective than ME and showed more than 70% mortality at the 5th day after treatments of recommended concentrations. In the field trials, the effects of ME against whiteflies and thrips were more excellent than those of WP. On the other hand, the effect of WP against aphids was more excellent. These results indicate that the formulation of insecticide can be played an important role in the control strategy of the pest in field.