Two new species, Stericta jaeshini Kim & Bae, sp. nov. and S. atroaurantiaca Kim & Bae, sp. nov. are described from Laos and Cambodia. About 50 species of the genus Stericta have been recorded from Southeast Asia, but it has not been recorded to occur in Laos and Cambodia previously. We record the presence of this genus in these two countries for the first time in this study. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of examined species are provided.

In Laos, smallholder cattle farmers rely primarily on natural grassland grazing, which needs to be improved for fattening. Notably, most cattle prices are determined by the middleman, by looking, so buyers tend to undervalue their price, which makes cattle farming a minimal investment. Urea-Molasses Block (UMB) supplements can effectively enhance a nutrient diet in low-quality roughage systems. This study aimed to determine factors affecting UMB and farmers’ Willing To Pay (WTP) for UMB as a new input material with data from six villages, two districts of the Vientiane Capital, in January and July 2019. The results indicate that farmers with relatively high education, consent to the positive effect of UMB, and previous experience purchasing feed during the dry season are more likely to pay a high positive WTP. The average WTP for UMB ranges from USD 5.7 to 6.5 per month for one cattle, which is approximately 10.2~11.6% of current annual costs for average smallholder cattle farmers. These findings will be significant in improving productivity at the initial development stage of farms in Laos, especially for smallholder farmers.

Laos People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) is a country selected by Korea’s priority foreign policy – New Southern Policy. It is also one of Korea’s 24 priority partner countries. The objective of this study was to understand the current status of rice industry and recommendations for improving rice productivity in Laos based on “Agriculture Development Strategy to 2025 and Vision to the Year 2030” published by the Lao government. In Laos, major crops are rice, vegetables, maize, coffee, cassava, sugar cane, and others. Laos achieved rice self-sufficiency in 1999. Its rice production reached up to 3,580,000 tons in 2018. It aims to harvest a total of 5 million tons of paddy rice with a target yield of approx. 1.5 million tons in 2025. Rice consumption per capita totals 160 kg/year in Laos, the highest in the world. The national nutrient program sets its targets as follows: of 2,600 kcal, a recommended daily calorie intake for adults, it aims to lower rice and starch, while increasing calories from meat, vegetables, fat, and so on. This shows that the rice policy is formulated with consideration of improving health of people in Laos as well as boosting rice exports. Based on the agricultural policy and strategy of Laos, it is viewed that the rice industry in Laos can advance further and produce results only when rice industry is linked to the following areas: economic development, farm size expansion, higher productivity through novel varieties and cultivation technologies, scaling-up of agricultural mechanization, greater efficiency in processing, and infrastructure expansions such as roads and reservoirs. If an ODA (Official Development Assistance) project takes a tailored approach considering its actor-specific characters and tasks, it is believed that the project can contribute to the goal of securing sustainability for the rice industry.

본 연구를 통해 라오스지역에서 분포하는 미소 나방인 Promalactis vittapenna종을 처음으로 기록하였다. 미기록 종의 분류학적 진단과 분포 정보, 성충과 생식기 도해사진을 제시하였다. 또한, 라오스 전체 종에 대한 분류학적 키를 함께 제공하였다.

The genus Nola (Nolidae, Nolinae) was established by Leach (1815), with the Noctua palliola Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 (a junior subjective synonym of Phalaena cucullatella Linnaeus, 1758) from Vienna, Austria. Nola comprises over 200 species: Africa and western Palearctic approximately described 100 speices (Hacker et al., 2012); Oriental and Eastern Palearctic regions have over 100 species (László et al., 2010; Sasaki et al., 2011; Kononenko and Pinratana, 2013). Two species of the genus Nola Leach; Nola euryzonata (Hampson, 1900) and Nola lucidalis (Walker, 1865), reported for the first time in Laos. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all the examined species are provided.

The stick insect fauna of Laos has been poorly studied to date. Only 4 species are recorded from the country: Medauroidea brongniarti (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), Phobaeticus magnus Hennemann & Conle, 2008, Parapachymorpha spiniger (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), Sipyloidea sipylus (Westwood, 1859). Assessment of their actual species richness is impeded by various unfavorable circumstances. Their cryptic and immobile lifestyle does not allow for easy trapping and collecting. The aim of this study is to update the taxonomic status of the order Phasmatodea in Laos for the future study.

The genus Pachynoa Lederer, 1863 reported 13 species in the world. This genus was established by Lederer, 1863 have been treated within the genera Pitacanda Moore, 1886 by Hampson, 1896 and Hypermeces Turner, 1933 by Shaffer et al., 1996. Species of the genus Pachynoa are mostly distributed from India and Taiwan to Solomon island. In this study, the genus Pachynoa is newly recorded in Laos with two species, Pachynoa xanthochyta (Turner, 1933) and Pachynoa thoosalis (Walker, 1859). These species are redescribed with illustrations of the adults and the genitalia, and their distribution is updated.

Laos is located in mainland of Southeast Asia, covered with 236,800 square kilometers. This country is located at the heart of the Indo-Chinese Peninsula and is surrounded by Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and China, providing a potential for a resource base and land- link in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Spilomelinae described over 3,800 species in the world, but Species diversity of Spiloemlinae moths were recorded only seven species in Laos by Shubhalaxmi (2011), Mally (2015) and Park et al. (2017). In this study, we provided seven species of illustrations and basic data on Laotian moth research.

이 논문은 라오스 회사지배구조에 대한 비교·분석을 하기 위한 연구 로, 먼저 라오스의 입법연혁을 개관하고, 라오스 기업입법의 특징과 기업 형태를 일별한 다음, 라오스 회사의 기관구조에 관한 법적 평가를 통하 여, 라오스 기업과 교류·교역하는 한국기업에 대해 현지 기업법의 이해 를 통하여 거래 및 투자 등 기업활동을 함에 있어서 편익을 제공하고, 한국과 라오스 간의 교역활성화를 위한 법적 기반을 제공하는데 그 목적 이 있다. 라오스는 1991년 시장경제를 도입한 이후. 1994년 회사법(Business Law)은 전통적인 서양식 회사제도를 계수하면서 중국과 베트남의 초기 법적·경제적 개혁에 영향을 받았고, 2005년 시장경제요소를 가미한 새 로운 기업법(Enterprise Law)을 제정하여 이 법을 대체하였다. 라오스기업법상 주주총회 입법의 문제점으로는, 주주총회 소집, 주주총 회 결의, 주주권행사 등의 요건이 너무 까다롭기 때문에 주주총회가 사 실상 형해화 되어있다. 라오스기업법상 이사회의 권한이 약하고, 소집권자, 소집요건, 결의방 식, 정족수 규정 등이 체계성과 일관성이 없다. 또한 일정한 경우 이사회 에서 이사선임권을 갖는 특이한 입법체계를 가지고 있다. 이사회는 회사 의 업무집행권과 회사대표권을 각 이사에게 부여하고, 이사회는 중앙조 정기구로서의 역할과 각 이사의 감독기능 등을 가진다. 라오스 기업법상 감사의 특징은, 감사선임권을 주주총회, 이사회 외에 도 일정요건을 갖춘 주주가 법원에 그 선임을 요구할 수 있다. 감사는 원칙적으로 회계감사권만 갖는데, 국유기업의 경우 검사인제도를 활용할 수 있도록 하여 감사의 실질성을 보강하고 있다. 라오스 기업법은 기업운영의 투명성과 민주성이 확보되도록 글로벌 기 업지배구조기준에 맞게 기관구조를 개혁하는 입법이 필요하다.

Pyraustinae and Spliomelinae are one of the largest subfamily in the family Crambidae, They are reported more than5,000 species in the world. The majority of them is distributed in tropical regions, also some species discovered intosubtropical and warm temperate areas. Laos has a tropical climate because it is located in Southeast Asia. but Laos properlyhas not studied moths diversity by the present.In the present study, we provided a checklist of the subfamily Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae from Laos, including adultphotographs, distributions.

The Hong Nang Sida temple is a cultural heritage that must be preserved due to the historical and cultural values that are highly evaluated in the world. The main sanctuary of Hong Nang Sida temple, presumed to have been built in 11th to 12th centuries, has been exposed in the open air for a long time after the collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the original shape of the Hong Nang Sida temple to reflect the original shape. To do this, it is necessary to examine the overall structure according to the restoration shape. For this purpose, this study analyzes the construction and configuration types for main sanctuary Mandapa of Hong Nang Sida temple, and conducts structural modeling according to actual and restoration plans. The structural and behavioral characteristics are analyzed by comparing stress and displacement values by measurement locations. In addition, we will examine the vertical load distribution by the layers of each wall and cobel arch of the Mandapa using the load distribution method.