MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging materials as ideal biomarkers for noninvasive cancer detection in the early phase. In this article, a simple and label-free electrochemical miRNA biosensor was developed. A single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) probes were successfully mapped to f-MWCNT and hybridized with the target miR-141 sequence. The optimum peak points of the obtained hybridization were determined using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods. Significant peaks were observed in the results, depending on miR-141 at different concentrations. The linear relationship (ν) between redox peak currents (Ip) and scanning rate indicated that electron transfer (ET) between miR-141 and the electrode surface was accomplished successfully. In DPV measurements, miR-141 was measured with a low detection limit (LOD) in the 1.3–12 nM concentration range, and the LOD and limit of quantification (LOQ) results were found to be 3 and 9.1 pM, respectively. Besides, selectivity test was investigated for the biosensor using different target analytes and a significant difference in value was observed between the peak currents of miR-141, and other target molecules. This developed strategy has been found to detect miR-141 sensitively, selectively and without tags, and its integration into mobile devices has been successfully carried out.

이 논문이 천착하는 것은 예수회의 무굴 제국 선교 역사 가운데 스페인 출신의 선교사 제롬 사비에르가 이끌었던 제3차 선교이다. 특히, 그리스도교에 대한 관심이 지대했던 무굴 제국의 황제 악바르의 요청에 따라 사비에르가 집필한 Mirʾāt Al-Quds (The Mirror of Holiness)에 주목한다. 악바르는 사비에르에게 그리스도의 생애를 페르시아어로 집필할 것을 요청하였고, 사비에르는 1602년 Mirʾāt Al-Quds라는 제목의 저서를 황제에게 봉헌했다. 사비에르는 이 책을 통해 일차적으로 악바르의 지적 욕구를 충족시키고자 했을 뿐만 아니라, 궁극적으로 그리스도의 신성을 입증하고 악바르를 그리스도교로 개종시키려는 목적을 갖고 있었다. 사비에르의 Mirʾāt Al-Quds는 무슬림의 예수 이해와 충돌을 일으켰고, 결국 악바르의 후계자인 자한기르 시대에 예수회 선교사와 무굴 제국의 무슬림 학자들 간의 궁정 토론을 촉발하였다.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the most significant obstacles in various cancer treatment, and this process often involves dysregulation of the number of micro-RNAs. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miR-4708 on the regulation of MDR-1 expression and the regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-4708 directly binds MDR-1 3’-UTR and down-regulated reporter luciferase activity. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1 were significantly decreased following miR-4708 overexpression. Additionally, the accumulation of rhodamine-123 in paclitacel resistant FaDu cells following miR-4708 transfection was significantly increased compared with control, indicating that the efflux capacity was reduced. These results demonstrated that miR-4708 could be involved in the regulation of MDR via targeting MDR-1 and may provide a potential strategy for reversing drug resistance in oral cancer.

We present the mid-infrared (MIR) luminosity function (LF) of local (z < 0.3) star-forming (SF) galaxies in the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) field. This work is based on the NEP-Wide point source catalogue and the spectroscopic redshift (z) data for  1700 galaxies obtained by the optical follow-up survey with MMT/Hectospec and WIYN/Hydra. The AKARI's continuous 2 - 24 μm coverage and the spectroscopic redshifts enable us to determine the spectral energy distribution (SED) in the mid-infrared and derive the luminosity functions of galaxies. Our 8 μm LF finds good agreements with the results from SWIRE field over the wide luminosity range, while showing signicant difference from the NOAO deep data in the faint end. The comparison with higher-z sample shows significant luminosity evolution from z > 0.3 to local universe. 12 μm LF also shows a clear indication of luminosity evolution.

The KLF(Kruppel-like factors) are transcriptional regulators that including the C2H2 zinc-finger motif and regulation of cell growth, cell differentiation, and development. In this study, mRNA and total DNA was extracted from the meat around the backbone of 130 cattle that has economic traits score. The KLF11 gene was act on the center of the main pathway in associated with the development and growth of cells and the fat metabolism. Genetic polymorphism was detected by DNA sequencing. A total of four SNPs(G9047A, C9104G, G9131A, C9170T) were identified in exon 4 regions, statistical association analysis revealed that the G9131A polymorphism were significantly associated with marbling score. The real time quantitative PCR to investigated gene and miRNA expression patterns and identify the relation of economic trait in Korean Native Beef Cattle. Gene expression level linked to KLF11 genes was investigated by determining its association and variation with the economic traits in Korean Native Beef Cattle. The increment of KLF11 gene expresstion level is resulted in increasing marbling score(MS). We found that expression profile of KLF gene and mir-494 was contrast tendency because the lower expression ratio of gene was the higher marbling score rating was when we analyzed expression profile ofKLF gene and mir-494. Therefore, this result has useful in improvement of livestock in Korean cattle.

We present the method of star/galaxy separation based on the support vector machines (SVM) in the data from the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Deep survey collected through nine AKARI / IRC bands from 2 to 24 μm , with a classification accuracy of 93 %.

The interstellar dust grains are formed and supplied to interstellar space from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars or supernova remnants, and become constituents of the star- and planet-formation processes that lead to the next generation of stars. Both a qualitative, and a compositional study of this cycle are essential to understanding the origin of the pre-solar grains, the missing sources of the interstellar material, and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The AKARI/MIR all-sky survey was performed with two mid-infrared photometric bands centered at 9 and 18 μ m . These data have advantages in detecting carbonaceous and silicate circumstellar dust of AGB stars, and the interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons separately from large grains of amorphous silicate. By using the AKARI/MIR All-Sky point source catalogue, we surveyed C-rich and O-rich AGB stars in our Galaxy, which are the dominant suppliers of carbonaceous and silicate grains, respectively. The C-rich stars are uniformly distributed across the Galactic disk, whereas O-rich stars are concentrated toward the Galactic center, following the metallicity gradient of the interstellar medium, and are presumably affected by the environment of their birth place. We will compare the distributions of the dust suppliers with the distributions of the interstellar grains themselves by using the AKARI/MIR All-Sky diffuse maps. To enable discussions on the faint diffuse interstellar radiation, we are developing an accurate AKARI/MIR All-Sky diffuse map by correcting artifacts such as the ionising radiation effects, scattered light from the moon, and stray light from bright sources.

본 연구는 무굴 아크바르 황제의 명으로 제롬 하비에르 선교사가 예수 의 생애에 관해 저술했던 『거룩함의 거울』의 텍스트와 이미지의 제작 의 도에 관한 문화 종교적 분석이다. 먼저 아크바르 황제는 예수의 생애에 대 해 다양한 종교에 관한 이성적 관심의 일환으로 예수의 기적과 신성에 관 해 왕권 강화적 측면에서 관심을 가졌다. 한편 제롬은 황제를 개종시킬 목 적으로 무굴의 문화와 종교를 이해하면서 예수의 생애와 접촉점이 될 만한 내용을 선택하여 저술했다. 또한 무굴 궁정의 화가들은 제롬의 텍스트에 대한 이해를 바탕으로, 이 슬람과 힌두교 종교예술 양식과 서양 기독교의 양식을 혼합하여 예수의 생 애에 관한 그림을 그렸다.『거룩함의 거울』에 나타난 이러한 문화적 종교 적 대화를 통해 직접적인 개종으로 이어지지는 않았지만, 일방적이고 강압 적이지 않았고 서로의 종교와 문화를 이해하려는 열린 마음이 있었다. 이 러한 무굴제국의 문화 적응적 예수회 선교의 예는 오늘날 여전히 어려움에 봉착한 인도의 모슬렘, 힌두교인의 선교방법에 대화를 통한 선교의 긍정적 선례를 제공한다.

This paper deals with chromaticism and dissonance as seen in Arnold Schoenberg's early Lied, Schenk mir deinen goldenen Kamm. By espousing Edward T. Cone's idea of three dimensions consisting of harmonic language in tonal music, chordal vocabulary, succession, and progression, the paper distinguishes a radically chromatic idiom from a mild chromaticism that fits into traditional harmonic norms in the 18th to early 19th century. The former is originated from a discord between the three dimensions, whereas the latter marks an accord of the three. I have begun by summing up Schoenberg's own discussions of harmony as seen in his treatises Theory of Harmony and Structural Functions of Music for a logical clarification of his tonal idiom and then critically examined theoretical assumptions for Schenkerian background of the piece to suggest ways for modification. The opening passage shows a disagreement between chordal vocabulary, succession, and syntactical logics in stereotypical tonal idiom, while the second section features a harmony among the three dimensions. Exotic sound by whole-tone sonority proves to be adopted in traditional contexts of the tonal music. The rationales latent in harmony and disharmony among the dimensions have been cautiously considered in relation to poetic imagery of the texts.