We investigated the cause of liquid crystal alignment when an ion beam is irradiated to the liquid crystal(LC) alignment film for liquid crystal alignment. We investigated liquid crystal alignment in response to changes in ion beam (IB) incident angle and electro-optical (EO) properties of twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal displays (LCDs) on polyimide (PI) surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis showed that the C=O chemical bond strength decreased with changes in the IB incident angle, while the C-O chemical bond strength increased. Therefore, it was found that the dipole-dipole interaction between C-O chemical bonds and LC molecules has a chemical ordering effect. Good and uniform alignment of nematic LC was observed on the liquid crystal alignment layer surface by IB irradiation, and good EO properties of IB aligned TN-LCD were achieved on the liquid crystal alignment layer surface.

PURPOSES : This study aims to propose drone-command standard operating procedure (SOP) guidelines and Analyze their potential application to increase the use and utility of drones in urban disaster situations. Although the effectiveness and efficiency of obtaining disaster-situation information through drones have been verified by previous studies and practical experience, a survey of actual drone usability indicated a utilization rate of only approximately 4.13%. METHODS : To provide guidance for improving drone command SOPs, prior research and relevant literature were reviewed to identify commonalities between disaster-response command and control and drone use. A sample of 73 active-duty firefighters, including incident commanders (ICs) and drone pilots, were surveyed and interviewed. The data were analyzed and categorized to establish the reasons why drones are not actively used in urban disaster-response procedures. RESULTS : The primary reasons identified for not actively utilizing drones in urban disaster areas were the lack of a drone command and control system and the lack of clear criteria for when to use drones in disaster situations. In addition, many problems were found in drone-operation procedures, including emergency flight approval, securing takeoff and landing sites, and accident burden due to urban flight obstacles. To address the issues identified, standards were proposed for the type, size, and scope of urban disasters requiring drone response; for accident-prevention on basic missions and through flight safety procedures; and for installing a video transmission and reception system to easily share drone video information with ICs. CONCLUSIONS : Application of the drone-command SOP guidelines to actual urban disaster situations by disaster type will help to improve the efficiency of information acquisition and flight safety. This is expected to enable increased drone utilization. In future, extension of the research reported in this paper beyond the Seoul metropolitan area via additional follow-up studies has the potential to establish applicability of the proposed SOP guidelines to a wide variety of environments and organizational characteristics.

목적: 본 연구는 독거노인을 위한 건강증진 중재 방법 중 신체적 건강, 정신적 건강, 사회적 건강 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 중재 유형 및 방법을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 분석 대상 논문 추출은 PubMed, Embase, Research Information Sharing Service, DBPia의 데이터베이스를 사용하였다. 검색 기간은 2013년 1월부터 2023년 1월까지 설정했다. 검색어는 (“elderly” OR “older” OR “old adult” OR “age”) AND (“health promotion” OR “health improve”) AND (“living alone” OR “live alone”) AND “intervention”으로 하였다. 결과: 최종분석 대상 연구의 질적 수준은 무작위 배정 연구 4편, 실험-대조군 연구 2편이었다. 총 6편의 건강증진 중재의 유형은 가정 방문 2편, 전화와 가정 방문 병행한 연구 2편, 전화 1편, 기관 방문 1편이었다. 연구 결과에 따르면 가정 방문 중재는 대조군과 비교하여 악력을 제외한 신체적 건강, 정신적 건강, 사회적 건강에 대한 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 결론: 독거노인을 위한 건강증진 중재는 가정 방문 중재 유형이 건강관리 교육, 운동 및 인지 프로그램을 통해 다른 중재 유형보다 신체적, 정신적 건강에 미치는 긍정적인 효과성을 확인하였다. 독거노인의 건강증진 측면에서 관련 중재 이점을 인식하고 효과성을 극대화하기 위한 전략 마련과 적용에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

We used Brewster’sLaw to examine the mechanism of liquid crystal(LC) alignment on anorganic insulation layer when subjected to ion-beam irradiation. Brewster’s Law implies that the maximum rate polarized ray on a slanted insulation layers on the substrate and it illustrates the dependence of polarization and the mechanical structure on the ionbeam irradiation process. The pretilt angle of nematic LCs on the organic insulation surface was about 1.13° for an ionbeam exposure of 45° for 1minute at 1800eV. This shows the dependence of LC alignment on the polarization ratio in a slanted organic insulation layer.

In this study, it was investigated about optical simulation in high brightness and high uniformity direct-type backlight design for medical application. Direct-type backlight has been used high-brightness backlight such as Medical LCD application. The key parameter in designing direct-type backlight was consists of three geometrical dimension such as the distance of two lamps, the gap of lamp and reflection plate and the number of lamps. It has many of variations in optical design and it causes the different properties in backlight system. It shows the best values of above parameters; 26mm of the distance of two lamps, 4.5mm of the gap of lamp and reflection plate and 16 lamps. And we produced the specimen as above condition, and acquired good result in backlight such as the value of the brightness is 6423 nit in center of emission area and less than 5% in brightness uniformity. It shows the effective ways of designing backlight system using optical simulation method for medical LCD application.

In applying LCD to TV application, one of the most significant factors to be improved is image sticking on the moving picture. Despite the development of technology for fast screen signal processing, it is very difficult to compose a high-quality screen due to the limitation of blinking driving due to the long afterglow time of the backlight. As the Single-LVDS signal system evolves from the Quad Signal Package to respond to 3D, the problem of processing faster signals within a set time is occurring. is becoming In this study, the aim was to realize this operation within 1 frame time by using the blinking backlight, and the existing cold cathode tube lamp was used as the light source. In general, cold cathode tube lamps have a long afterglow time of green, which is responsible for the main emission wavelength, so it is difficult to realize the above characteristics. A backlight capable of flickering within the time frame of the video frame was manufactured, and by using it, it was possible to confirm the effect of resolving the afterimage in a moving image by leaps and bounds.

Agarum clathratum (A. clathratum) is a marine brown algal species that belongs to the Costariaceae family and has antioxidant and anti-microbial properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of A. clathratum and the molecular mechanisms involved have not been determined so far. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of A. clathratum extracts in THP-1 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis. The THP-1 cells were differentiated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and treated with A. clathratum before LPS stimulation. Cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory response-associated molecules was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. A. clathratum treatment inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages without causing any cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effect of A. clathratum resulted in a significant repression of the JNK/c-Jun signaling axis, a key regulator in inflammation responses. This study highlights the possible role of A. clathratum in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines via suppression of the JNK/c-Jun signaling axis and suggests that A. clathratum could serve as a marine-derived anti-inflammatory agent in periodontitis.

Using lanthanum zinc oxide (LZO) film with the ion-beam irradiation, uniform and homogeneous liquid crystal (LC) alignment was achieved. To fabricate the LZO thin film on glass substrate, solution process was conducted as a deposition method. Cross-polarized optical microscopy (POM) and the crystal rotation method reveal the state of LC alignment on the ion-beam irradiated LZO film. Between orthogonally placed polarizers, POM image showed constant black color with regular transmittance. Furthermore, collected incidence angle versus transmittance curve from the crystal rotation method revealed that the LC molecules on the ion-beam irradiated LZO film were aligned homogeneously. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to reveal the relationship between the ion-beam irradiation and the LC alignment. The ion-beam irradiation changed the LZO film surface to rougher than before by etching effect. Numerical roughness values from AFM analysis supported this phenomenon specifically. XPS analysis showed the chemical composition change due to the ion-beam irradiation by investigation of O 1s, La 3d and Zn 2p spectra. The ion-beam irradiation induced the breakage of chemical bonds in the LZO film surface and this occurred surface chemical anisotropic characteristics for uniform LC alignment.

The ion-beam irradiated lanthanum zinc oxide (LZO) films were conducted as liquid crystal (LC) alignment layer to achieve uniform and homogeneous alignment of LC molecules. Polarized optical microscopy and the pre-tilt angle measurements revealed the alignment characteristics of LC molecules on the LZO film surface. Physical characteristics of the LZO film surface were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. The strong ion-beam irradiation on the LZO film changed surface rougher than before and induced physical anisotropic characteristics. Chemical composition of the LZO film was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and it was revealed that the ion-beam irradiation induced the breakage of the metal-oxide bonds. Due to this, anisotropic dipole moment which related with van der Waals force between LC molecules and alignment layer was induced. Because of this, LC molecules were anchored to the LZO film surface to achieve uniform LC alignment. Collecting the capacitance-voltage curve, residual DC of the LC cell with the LZO films was measured and it was verified that the LC cell with the LZO film had a nearly zero residual DC. Therefore, the ion-beam irradiated LZO film is an efficient method as an LC alignment layer

In this study, we studied the alignment characteristics of liquid crystal on polyimide substrate when irradiated with ion beam in oblique direction on uniformly coated polyimide substrate. The inclined irradiation angle of the ion beam was set to 30 degree, 45 degree and 60 degree and the characteristics were observed for 1 minute and 2 minutes at an ion beam irradiation intensity of 600 to 3,000 eV for each angle. The Alignment of the liquid crystals were observed using a polarized microscope after preparing antiparallel specimens. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal using the crystal rotation method was measured, and the applicability to actual products was evaluated. Experimental results showed that uniformly aligned liquid crystals could be obtained in samples irradiated at 1 and 2 minutes with an ion beam intensity of 1200 eV or higher when irradiated with 30 degree and 45 degree tilted ion beams. And, at 60 tilted degree, It shows that uniformly aligned liquid crystals could be obtained in samples irradiated at 1 and 2 minutes with an ion beam intensity of 2400 eV or higher. The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal showed the best characteristics when irradiated with ion beam inclined at 45 degrees, and it was confirmed that the pretilt angle was 0.2 to 1.3 degrees, which is usable for horizontally oriented LCD.

본 연구는 ICT산업의 연구개발투자에 따른 비용저감 효과를 계측하는데 그 목적이 있다. 일반적으로 연구개발투자는 제품혁신과 공정혁신을 유발하고, 또 이들은 각 각 매출증대와 비용저감 효과를 견인하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 기 수행된 실증연구들을 살펴보면, 그 대부분이 연구개발투자의 매출증대 기여부분에 초점을 두고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 주목받고 있는 ICT산업을 중심으로 연구개발투자의 비용저감 효과를 분석 해 보았다. 이를 위해 초월대수 비용함수와 비용점유율 방정식을 설정하였으며, SUR방법을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 그 분석결과, 연구개발투자에 따른 총비용의 감소효과는 유의한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 연구개발투자와 각 생산요소들 간의 관계를 살펴보았는데, 연구개발투자와 중간투입은 상호 대체관계, 노동 및 자본과는 보완관계인 것으로 나타났다.

The KLF(Kruppel-like factors) are transcriptional regulators that including the C2H2 zinc-finger motif and regulation of cell growth, cell differentiation, and development. In this study, mRNA and total DNA was extracted from the meat around the backbone of 130 cattle that has economic traits score. The KLF11 gene was act on the center of the main pathway in associated with the development and growth of cells and the fat metabolism. Genetic polymorphism was detected by DNA sequencing. A total of four SNPs(G9047A, C9104G, G9131A, C9170T) were identified in exon 4 regions, statistical association analysis revealed that the G9131A polymorphism were significantly associated with marbling score. The real time quantitative PCR to investigated gene and miRNA expression patterns and identify the relation of economic trait in Korean Native Beef Cattle. Gene expression level linked to KLF11 genes was investigated by determining its association and variation with the economic traits in Korean Native Beef Cattle. The increment of KLF11 gene expresstion level is resulted in increasing marbling score(MS). We found that expression profile of KLF gene and mir-494 was contrast tendency because the lower expression ratio of gene was the higher marbling score rating was when we analyzed expression profile ofKLF gene and mir-494. Therefore, this result has useful in improvement of livestock in Korean cattle.

다도해해상국립공원 흑산도 내 곰솔 고사지의 해충 발생 및 피해현황을 조사하 여, 보전중심의 관리방향을 갖는 국립공원의 특수성에 적합한 대처방안을 모색하 고 공원 내 해충관리의 자료로 활용하고자 조사하였다. 흑산도 내 곰솔 고사피해현황을 조사한 결과 섬 내륙지역보다 해안지역의 피해 가 더 심하였고 구역별로는 서북지역보다 남동지역의 곰솔의 피해가 심하였으며, 섬 남동지역 및 해안지역의 약 30%이상의 면적에서 곰솔들이 고사하였고 약 20% 의 곰솔들이 고사 진행 상태에 있었다. 곰솔 고사피해지 내에서 조사 확인된 해충 종류는 소나무좀, 소나무가루깍지벌레, 노랑점바구미, 솔박각시, 소나무왕진딧물, 솔잎말이나방, 점줄벼룩잎벌레 등이었으며, 흑산도 곰솔 고사피해에 대한 보도 자 료에서 보도된 솔껍질깍지벌레는 4월경 일부 개체에서만 확인되었다. 본 조사에서 는 5월 이후 소나무좀의 증가가 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 소나무좀은 성충시기 곰 솔의 신초부위 내 침입하여 수직으로 갱도를 형성하여 신초부위를 고사하는 등 피 해가 심한 나무는 70%이상의 신초가 피해를 받았고 지역적으로 약 10∼40% 정도 의 피해가 있었다. 소나무좀 성충의 신초가해는 9월 조사 시기까지 지속적으로 발 생되었고 피해가 심한 곳에서는 신초뿐만 아니라 전년도 가지에서도 피해가 있었 으며, 피해가 지속된 곰솔의 경우 피해로 인해 수형이 매우 불량해졌다. 본 조사에 서 곰솔의 고사 원인은 복합적으로 확인되었으며, 태풍 및 해풍에 의한 피해 이후 소나무좀, 깍지벌레류 등에 의한 2차 피해가 큰 영향을 끼친 것으로 판단된다.

곤충산업이 발전함에 따라 애완용곤충에 대한 인식이 변화하고 있다. 이에 외국 산 애완용 곤충의 수입가능성이 증대하여 차후 외국산 애완용곤충의 수입허용 등 여건 변화 시 즉각 대응이 필요하다. 이에 따라 관련 정보의 확보를 위해 2011년부 터 2012년까지 농림축산검역본부 식물검역부에서 애완용곤충의 DNA바코드 연 구를 실시하였다. 사슴벌레과 및 장수풍뎅이과를 중심으로 주요 외국산 애완용 곤충을 선정하여 분류 및 생태 정보, DNA 바코드 정보 등 관련 생물정보를 확보하고 주요 외국산 애 완용 곤충의 분류 동정법을 개발하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 2년 동안 외국산 사슴벌 레과 63종 443개체, 한국산 사슴벌레과 7종 23개체, 외국산 장수풍뎅이과 24종 205개체, 한국산 장수풍뎅이과 1종 3개체의 DNA 바코드 염기서열을 확보하였다. 이번연구를 통해 확보된 자료를 바탕으로 검역현장 및 특사경 단속 시 정확한 분 류동정 업무 수행과 차후 수입허용을 위한 위험분석 시 활용이 기대된다.

사슴벌레과(Lucanidae)는 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera)의 풍뎅이상과(Scarabaeoidea)에 속하며, 세계적으로 약 1,000여 종이 알려져 있고 우리나라에는 17종이 서식하고 있다(백문기 등, 2010). 사슴벌레의 가장 큰 특징은 잘 발달된 큰 턱으로 그 생김새가 매우 다양하고 특이하여, 애완용 곤충 중에서도 가장 인기가 있다. 최근 외국의 애완용 사슴벌레류에 대한 관심과 국내반입이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 살아있는 곤충의 수입은 식물방역법에 따라 금지되어 있으므로 검역과정에서 지속적인 단속이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 성충이 아닌 알 또는 유충은 분류동정이 힘들기 때문에 단속시 어려움이 큰 실정이다. 이에 외국산 애완용 사슴벌레류의 신속하고 정확한 분류동정을 위하여 mtDNA를 이용한 분자생물학적 분류 동정 방법을 구축하고자 2011년부터 DNA barcode를 활용하여 외국산 애완용 사슴벌레류의 연구를 하고 있으며, 현재까지 외국산 41종 318개체, 국내산 7종 23개체의 분석을 완료하였다.

네발나비과 세줄나비속 나비는 열대 및 아열대지방에 153여종이 분포하며, 한 국에는 11종이 기록되었다. 나비류의 분류학적 연구는 성충의 날개무늬 패턴을 위 주로 형태연구가 주를 이루어왔다. 세줄나비(Neptis)속 역시 날개무늬패턴의 형태 적 유사성이 높다. 국내의 세줄나비의 종들 가운데는 종간 형질의 분리가 다소 모 호하거나, 중복되는 경우가 있어 왔다. 따라서 이번 분자분류학적 연구를 통해서 세줄나비속 국내종에 대한 기존 종 인식이 정확한 것인지를 재검토해 보고자 하였 다. 이번 연구에서는 기존의 형태분류를 통해 확증된 11종 33개체에 대한 DNA 바 코드를 분석하였으며, NCBI의 Blast search를 통해 확보된 국외산 3종 22개체를 실험에 추가 하였다. 그 결과, COI유전자 서열 차이는 0~16.2%를 나타내었고, 종 내 서열 변이율은 0.0~1.14%였으며, 종간 서열차이는 3.3~16.2%였다. 이로 볼 때, 1.14~3.3%의 Barcoding gap이 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, Divergence threshold approach를 통해 한국산 세줄나비속의 종들은 확실히 구분 되었으며, Clade based approach에서도 각 종들의 개체들은 Barcoding gap을 반 영하면서 종별로 묶이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 기존의 형태 분류와 100% 일치하였으며, 결국 한국산 세줄나비속에 대한 종 동정에 있어 DNA 바코드 의 활용적 가치가 높은 것으로 나타났다