Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of a nursing simulation learning module for caring for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on nursing knowledge, clinical competence, team psychological safety, and learning satisfaction among nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was used with 36 students (18 per group) assigned to either a simulation group or a lecture group. Data collected from June 8 to July 13, 2024, were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results: Nursing knowledge showed no significant between-group difference (F=1.32, p=.260) but improved over time (F=8.24, p=.007). Clinical competence showed a significant group-by-time interaction (F=58.33, p<.001). Team psychological safety (t=2.70, p=.012) and learning satisfaction (t=2.27, p=.030) were higher in the simulation group. Conclusion: These findings provide foundational data for developing simulation-based educational strategies in nursing curricula. The module may also be applied to the training of novice nurses in clinical settings, thereby contributing to enhanced nursing education and improved clinical practice.

This study traces the origin and development of 8-cheok as a standard spatial unit in Korean architecture by examining historical texts. Rooted in ancient Chinese body-based measurement systems, 8-cheok originally represented the average human height. Although its direct anthropometric basis faded over time as measurement units lengthened, 8-cheok remained prominent in both literary and architectural contexts. The palcheok-bang (eight-cheok house), first mentioned in the Samguk Yusa , symbolized a hermit’s dwelling and retained its symbolic meaning throughout the Goryeo period. In the Joseon era, influenced by Neo-Confucian values of restraint and humility, the palcheok-kan (eight-cheok module) emerged as a spatial standard reflecting the moral ideals of the Confucian elite. However, the palcheok-kan competed with other modular units. During the construction of the Seoul city walls, a conversion of 10 cheok per kan was used, while land surveys in the city sometimes adopted 7 cheok per kan . From the 17th century onward, however, the 8-cheok -per-kan conversion gradually gained dominance and became the representative unit. Despite its widespread use, the palcheok-kan was never formally codified by law and remained a customary standard until it disappeared during modern measurement reforms.

YouGlish, an emerging online learning platform, offers learners repeated exposure to native pronunciation in authentic contexts, providing valuable opportunities to improve their articulation of words and phrases. This study investigates the impact of a structured instructional module incorporated into YouGlish on enhancing pronunciation and intonation through shadowing practice. A total of 67 college students participated, completing four assignments using YouGlish with either a structured module (n = 30) or without a module (n = 37). The results revealed significantly better performance in word/phrase accent accuracy (t (65) = 4.36, p < .001), and intonation (t (65) = 3.94, p < .001) in the group using the structured module compared to the unstructured group. Additionally, feedback collected via questionnaires indicated that students using the module reported more positive experiences, highlighting increased usability, perceived effectiveness, and confidence in their language skills. These findings suggest that the teacher’s role in integrating multimedia resources such as YouGlish is critical to optimizing its effectiveness in language learning.

도로 위 노면전차 트램를 포함한 다양한 이동수단 흐름을 원활하게 유지하기 위해서는 효율적인 교통 신호 제어가 필요하다. 검증 되지 않은 기술의 현장 평가는 교통안전 측면에서 위험하기에 대부분 가상환경을 통해 적용 기술검증을 선행한다. 본 연구는 다양한 교통신호 제어 알고리즘을 센터 수준에서 적용하는 가상 실험환경 마련을 위한 기능적 요구사항을 정의한다. 기능적 요구사항으로 가 상환경 센터 기반으로 실험을 시작하거나 중지하는 기능, 교통량 등 입력값을 입력하는 기능 등의 기본적 요구사항을 도출하였다. 이 렇게 정의된 기능적 요구사항은 향후 트램 등 다양한 교통수단을 대상으로 하는 가상환경 센터 구축 과정에 효율적으로 참조될 수 있 을 것으로 기대된다.

운량은 천체 관측을 지속하는 데에 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 과거에는 관측자가 날씨를 직접 판단할 수밖에 없 었으나, 원격 및 자동 관측 시스템의 개발로 관측자의 역할이 상대적으로 줄어들었다. 또한 구름의 다양한 형태와 빠른 이동 때문에 자동으로 운량을 판단하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 이 연구에서는 기계학습 기반의 파이썬 모듈인 “cloudynight” 을 밀양아리랑우주천문대의 전천 영상에 적용하여 운량을 모니터링하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 전천 영상을 하위 영역 으로 나누어 각 39,996개 영역의 16개의 특징을 학습하여 기계학습 모델을 생성하였다. 검증 표본에서 얻은 F1 점수는 0.97로, 기계학습 모델이 우수한 성능을 가짐을 보여준다. 운량(“Cloudiness”)은 전체 하위 영역 개수 중 구름으로 식별 된 하위 영역 개수의 비율로 계산하며, 운량이 지난 30분 동안 0.6을 초과할 때 관측을 중단하도록 자동 관측 프로그 램 규칙을 정하였다. 이 규칙을 따를 때, 기계학습 모델이 운량을 오판하여 관측에 영향을 미치는 경우는 거의 발생하 지 않았다. 본 기계학습 모델을 통하여, 밀양아리랑우주천문대 0.7 m 망원경의 성공적인 자동 관측을 기대한다.

The study aim was to develop and test the effects of integrated simulation pertaining to patients with schizophrenia using a hypertensive crisis module for nursing students. Methods: This pilot study with seven undergraduate nursing students used a single group, pre-post test design. Integrated simulation pertaining to patients with schizophrenia using a hypertensive crisis module was developed based on the ADDIE model (i.e., Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), expert meetings with subject professors, a literature review, a preliminary survey, and focus group interviews. Data were collected and measured for general characteristics of the study participants, critical thinking disposition, problem-solving, clinical judgment, self-efficacy, simulation design, and simulation effectiveness. Qualitative contents were analyzed through focus group interviews. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in class design, critical thinking disposition, problem-solving, clinical judgment, and self-efficacy after applying the integrated simulation module. Based on the data obtained from the focus group interviews of study participants, the following four categories were established: “Integrating knowledge and applying it to practice,” “Nursing in unexpected situations,” “Challenged to be an expert,” and “Ensuring receptive and psychological safety in simulation practice.” Conclusion: An integrated simulation module was developed to integrate the nursing problems associated with individual subjects beyond the scope of one subject, and the effect was verified by applying it

The sampling test module of the existing AMC Monitoring System is constructed using tubes and fittings, so there has been a problem with molecular contaminants remaining in the system. This study demonstrated how a new manifold-type sampling test module without connecting tubes and fittings, and with super-hydrophobic coating improves residual molecular contaminants in the AMC Monitoring System through CDA purge when molecular contamination occurs in a clean room with a Semiconductor Fabrication.

In this paper, the key assembly of the recently developed light machine gun-Ⅱ sighting device was identified as prone to experiencing horizontal noise caused by unstable voltage fluctuations under high-temperature conditions during the defense environmental stress screening test. The primary objective ot this study is to address the issue of horizontal noise through circuit analysis and device parameter tuning, aiming to eliminate its presence.