This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the flow driven by surface tension and gravity force in an inclined circular tube. The previously developing equation for Power-Law model is a simple ordinary differential type. A governing equation is developed for describing the displacement of a non-Newtonian fluid(Casson model) that continuously flows into a circular tube by surface tension, which represents a second-order, nonlinear, non-homogeneous, and ordinary differential form. It was found that the theoretical predictions of the governing equation were in good agreement with the results for considering the Newtonian model.

A study was conducted to determine the rheological properties of pomegranate puree (PP) as affected by different gums (xanthan and guar gums) and temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C). The rheological properties of the samples were determined using a rotational rheometer at a shear range of 1 to 40 s-1. The PP added with xanthan and guar gums were found to be Non-Newtonian fluids following the Herschel-Bulkley model. The yield stress and consistency coefficient of the PP with xanthan gum at different temperatures were higher than those of the PP with guar gum but the opposite was observed for the flow behavior index. Moreover, all rheological properties of the PP regardless of type of gum addition decreased with increasing temperature. The consistency coefficient was related to temperature using an Arrhenius-type relationship. The PP with xanthan gum (16.11 kJ/mol) has higher activation energy than the PP with guar gum (11.44 kJ/mol). The yield stress values of the PP with xanthan gum and guar gum can be related to temperature by linear regression equations and the flow behavior index values by exponential regression equations.

A study was conducted to determine the rheological properties of gochujang and chogochujang at different temperatures (25, 35 and 45°C). The rheological properties of the samples were determined using a rotational rheometer at a shear range of 1 to 40 s-1. The gochujang and chogochujang were found to be Non-Newtonian fluids following the Herschel-Bulkley model. The yield stress and consistency coefficient of the gochujang at different temperatures were higher than those of the chogochujang but the opposite was observed for the flow behavior index. Moreover, all rheological properties of the gochujang and chogochujang decreased with increasing temperature. The consistency coefficient was related to temperature using an Arrhenius-type relationship. The gochujang (14.48 kJ/mol) has higher activation energy than the chogochujang (14.03 kJ/mol). The yield stress values of the gochujang and chogochujang can be related to temperature by linear regression equations and the flow behavior index values by exponential regression equations.

sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate-water 라멜라 액정의 비뉴톤 유동곡선을 cone-plate 레오메타를 사용하여 여러 농도와 온도 조건에서 얻었다. 이러한 비뉴톤 유동곡선을 비뉴 톤 유동식에 적용하여 유동파라메타를 구하였다. 특별히 주목할 점은 액정시료의 전단속도에 대한 전단 응력은 증가와 감소에서 틱소트로피와 다일레턴시 현상을 보여 hysteresis loop를 나타내고 있다는 점이 다. sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate-water 라멜라 액정은 작은 전단속도에서는 약한 젤 현상 을 보이지만 응력이 한계 응력 이상에서는 비 선형 점탄성 성질을 나타낸다. 전단속도 감소에서 분산계 는 전단속도가 증가할 때 측정된 값 보다는 큰 구조변화와 전단응력을 유지하고 있다.

MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is an alternative to the dark matter paradigm. MOND asserts that when the magnitude of acceleration is smaller than the acceleration parameter a0, the response of the system to gravity is stronger (larger acceleration) than the one given by Newtonian dynamics. The current value of a0 is obtained mostly by observations of spiral galaxies (rotation curves and the Tully-Fisher relation). We attempt to estimate a0 from the dynamics of elliptical galaxies. We seek elliptical galaxies that act as the lens of gravitational lensing systems and have velocity dispersion data available. We analysed 65 Einstein rings from the Sloan Len ACS survey (SLACS). The mass estimates from gravitation lensing and velocity dispersion agree well with each other, and are consistent with the estimates from population synthesis with a Salpeter IMF. The value of a0 obtained from this analysis agrees with the current value.

Planetary nebula in elliptical galaxies pose a problem in dark matter theory. Using data from the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (PN. S), Romanowsky et al. (2003) reported that less dark matter than expected was found within 5 to 6 effective radii of three elliptical galaxies. We attempt to explain similar observations of elliptical galaxies with MOdied Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). We collect 16 elliptical galaxies with planetary nebulae from the public web data of PN. S. We investigate the dynamical behavior by analyzing the line-of-sight velocity dispersion in the framework of MOND.

The rheological properties of complex materials such as colloid dispersion show complicated non-Newtonian flow phenomena when they are subjected to shear flow. These flow properties are controlled by the characteristics of flow units and the interactions among the flow segments. The rheological parameters of relaxation time (β2)0, structure factor C2 and shear modulus X2/α2 for various thixotropic flow curves was obtained by applying thixotropic equation to flow curves. The variations of rheological parameters are directly related to non-Newtonian flows, viscosities and activation energies of flow segments.

This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the flow driven by surface tension and gravity force in an inclined circular tube. The present study introduces detailed mathematical procedures for Casson viscosity model. The equations of velocity distribution and flow rate are developed to describe the displacement of a non-Newtonian fluid that continuously flew into a circular tube by surface tension. The equation of modified volumetric flow shows the complicated form of (10) due to yield stress term, and the equation of velocity distribution which includes the yield stress and inclination angle of circular tube is composed of terms of r and rc as form of (14).

This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the flow driven by surface tension and gravity force in an inclined circular tube. The governing equation is developed to describe the displacement of a Newtonian fluid that continuously flew into a circular tube by surface tension, which represents a second-order, nonlinear, nonhomogeneous and ordinary differencial form. It was found that the theoretical predictions of the governing equation were excellent agreement with the unsteady state solutions for horizontal tube and the results of force balance equation for steady state.

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a possible solution for the missing mass problem in galac- tic dynamics; its predictions are in good agreement with observations in the limit of weak accelerations. However, MOND does not derive from a physical mechanism and does not make predictions on the transitional regime from Newtonian to modified dynamics; rather, empirical transition functions have to be constructed from the boundary conditions and comparisons with observations. I compare the formalism of classical MOND to the scaling law derived from a toy model of gravity based on virtual massive gravitons (the “graviton picture”) which I proposed recently. I conclude that MOND naturally derives from the “graviton picture” at least for the case of non-relativistic, highly symmetric dynamical systems. This suggests that – to first order – the “graviton picture” indeed provides a valid candidate for the physical mechanism behind MOND and gravity on galactic scales in general.

비대칭형 막기공을 통한 뉴톤 유체의 발산흐름(diverging flow)에 대한 심도있는 해석 결과를 제시하였다. 막기공 모델의 일반적 형태인 슬릿(slit)과 원뿔(cone)형 채널에 대해 미동흐름(creeping flow)을 적용하여 유속분포 관계식을 구하였다. 유속분포의 고찰로부터 발산각도 αlongrightarrow0 인 경우는 윤활근사법(lubrication approximation)이 적용되어 Poiseuille 흐름으로 되는 것을 확인하였고, 발산각도가 증가할수록 벽면부근에서의 유속분포는 결핍(depletion)됨과 아울러 전체유속은 감소하였다. 구해진 속도분포와 압력분포의 관계식으로부터 투과유량에 대한 이론식을 도출하였다. 예측된 결과는 기공의 비대칭성이 증가할수록 그에 따른 투과유량은 점차 증가하는 거동을 보였다. 본 연구의 이론결과는 궁극적으로 막여과에의 응용 측면과 밀접하게 연관되어 있다.

This paper presents a cosmological perturbation analysis in a Newtonian framework, using the Newtonian multi component version of the relativistic covariant equations. This work considers the fully nonlinear evolution of the perturbations, and is generalized to multicomponent systems and imperfect fluids. Known nonlinear solutions are presented in a general framework. Quasi-nonlinear analysis, considering both the compressible and rotational modes, is presented, including cases already known in the literature. The Fourier space representation of the conservation equations is also derived in a general context, with various decompositions of the velocity field. Commonly accepted cosmogonical frameworks are critically examined in the context of nonlinear evolution. This work may be regarded as the Newtonian counterpart of a recently presented general relativistic covariant formulation.