One-dimensional MgO nanostructures with various morphologies were synthesized by a thermal evaporation method. The synthesis process was carried out in air at atmospheric pressure, which made the process very simple. A mixed powder of magnesium and active carbon was used as the source powder. The morphologies of the MgO nanostructures were changed by varying the growth temperature. When the growth temperature was 700 °C, untapered nanowires with smooth surfaces were grown. As the temperature increased to 850 °C, 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C, tapered nanobelts, tapered nanowires and then knotted nanowires were sequentially observed. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the MgO nanostructures had a cubic crystallographic structure. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the nanostructures were composed of Mg and O elements, indicating high purity MgO nanostructures. Fourier transform infrared spectra peaks showed the characteristic absorption of MgO. No catalyst particles were observed at the tips of the one-dimensional nanostructures, which suggested that the one-dimensional nanostructures were grown in a vapor-solid growth mechanism.

We have revisited Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations for clumpy molecular clouds. Instead of introducing a three-dimensional geometry to implement clumpy structure, we have made use of its stochastic properties in a one-dimensional geometry. Taking into account the reduction of spontaneous emission and optical depth due to clumpiness, we have derived the excitation conditions of clumpy clouds and compared them with those of three-dimensional calculations. We found that the proposed approach reproduces the excitation conditions in a way compatible to those from three-dimensional models, and reveals the dependencies of the excitation conditions on the size of clumps. When bulk motions are involved, the applicability of the approach is rather vague, but the one-dimensional approach can be an excellent proxy for more rigorous three-dimensional calculations.

One-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric nanostructures are attractive candidates for energy generation because of their excellent piezoelectric properties attributed to their high aspect ratios and large surface areas. Vertically grown BaTiO3 nanotube (NT) arrays on conducting substrates are intensively studied because they can be easily synthesized with excellent uniformity and anisotropic orientation. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of 1D BaTiO3 NT arrays on a conductive Ti substrate by electrochemical anodization and sequential hydrothermal reactions. Subsequently, we explore the effect of hydrothermal reaction conditions on the piezoelectric energy conversion efficiency of the BaTiO3 NT arrays. Vertically aligned TiO2 NT arrays, which act as the initial template, are converted into BaTiO3 NT arrays using hydrothermal reaction with various concentrations of the Ba source and reaction times. To validate the electrical output performance of the BaTiO3 NT arrays, we measure the electricity generated from each NT array packaged with a conductive metal foil and epoxy under mechanical pushings. The generated output voltage signals from the BaTiO3 NT arrays increase with increasing concentration of the Ba source and reaction time. These results provide a new strategy for fabricating advanced 1D piezoelectric nanostructures by demonstrating the correlation between hydrothermal reaction conditions and piezoelectric output performance.

In order to design a diesel engine system and predict its performance, it is necessary to analyze the gas flow of the intake and exhaust system. A gas flow analysis in three-dimensional (3D) format needs a high-resolution workstation and enormous time for analysis. Therefore, the method of characteristics (MOC) was used for a gas flow analysis with a fast calculation time and a low-resolution workstation. An experiment was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine to measure pressure in cylinder, intake pipe and exhaust pipe. The one-dimensional (1D) gas flow was analyzed under the same conditions as the experiment. The engine speed, valve timing and compression ratio were the same conditions and the intake pressure was inputted as the experimental results. Bent pipe such as an exhaust port that cannot be realized in 1D was omitted. As results of validation, the cylinder pressure showed accuracy, but the exhaust pipe pressure exhibited inaccuracy. This is considered as an error caused by the failure to implement a bent pipe such as an exhaust port. When analyzed in 3D, calculation time required 61 hours more based on a model of this study. In the future, we intend to implement a bent pipe that cannot be realized in 1D using 3D and prepare a method to supplement reliability by using 1D-3D coupling.

One- and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials were tested as adsorbents for the elimination of two anionic dyes, reactive red 2 and methyl orange, and the cationic dye methylene blue from aqueous solutions under the same conditions. Carbon nanomaterials performed well in the removal of dyes. Surface oxygenated groups in the nanomaterials improved the cationic dyes’ adsorption, but not the adsorption of the anionic dye. The interactions between nanomaterials and dyes were verified by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was better fitted to the kinetic experimental data than the Elovich and pseudo-first order models. The equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted by the Langmuir model. The dimensions and morphology of the carbon nanomaterials play an important role in the adsorption of the three dyes. The main mechanism of adsorption of anionic dyes is by the interactions of the aromatic rings of the dye structures and π delocalized electrons on carbon nanostructures; the adsorption of cationic dye is mainly due to electrostatic interactions.

The printing of nanomaterials onto certain substrates is one of the key technologies behind high-speed interconnection and high-performance electronic devices. For the printing of next-generation electronic devices, a printing process which can be applied to a flexible substrate is needed. A printing process on a flexible substrate requires a lowtemperature, non-vacuum process due to the physical properties of the substrate. In this study, we obtained well-ordered Ag nanowires using modified gravure printing techniques. Ag nanowires are synthesized by a silver nitrate (AgNO3) reduction process in an ethylene glycol solution. Ag nanowires were well aligned by hydrodynamic force on a micro-engraved Si substrate. With the three-dimensional structure of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has an inverse morphology relative to the micro-engraved Si substrate, the sub-micron alignment of Ag nanowires is possible. This technique can solve the performance problems associated with conventional organic materials. Also, given that this technique enables large-area printing, it has great applicability not only as a next-generation printing technology but also in a range of other fields.

이 논문에서는 반무한 고체영역의 표면에서 측정한 변위응답의 시간이력으로부터 유한요소망 연속기법을 이용해 탄성파속도의 공간적 분포를 추정하는 역해석 문제를 소개한다. 반무한 영역에서의 역해석을 위해서는 해석 대상이 되는 유한영역의 경계에서 파동의 반사가 일어나지 않도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해 유한영역의 경계면에 perfectly-matchedlayers(PMLs)라는 수치적 파동흡수층을 도입하였고, PML을 경계로 하는 유한영역에서 역해석 문제를 정의하였다. 이 문제를 탄성파동방정식을 구속조건으로 하는 최적화 문제로 표현하였으며, 라그랑주 승수법에 기초한 비구속 최적화 기법에 의해 탄성파속도의 최적 분포를 결정하였다. 해의 정확도와 수렴성을 높이기 위해 유한요소망 연속기법을 도입하여 점진적으로 밀도가 증가하는 유한요소망에 대해 연속적으로 역해석을 수행하였다. 1차원 예제들을 통해 유한요소망 연속기법을 이용한 역해석으로부터 탄성파속도의 분포를 정확히 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 측정 응답에 노이즈가 존재하는 경우에도 제안한 역해석 기법은 목표 탄성파속도 분포에 근사한 결과를 도출하였다.

Three-dimensional, statistical-mechanical formulations of problems are usually untractable analytically, and therefore they are commonly solved numerically. However, their one-dimensional counterparts are always to be solved analytically. In general analytical solutions sheds more insights to the problems than numerical solutions. Hence, solutions of one-dimensional problems may provide key properties to the problems, when they are extended to three dimensions. In this article, thermodynamic properties of one-dimensional fluid comprising molecules of rigid rods are analyzed statistical-mechanically. Molecules of rigid rods are characterized with repulsive or excluded volume effect. It is observed that this feature is well reflected in thermodynamic functions such as Helmholtz free energy. volumetric equation of state. chemical potential, entropy, etc.

본 논문은 일차원 Robbins-Monro 확률근사법에 사용된 계수 an을 진보시켜 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하고 실례를 들어 효율성을 입증 하였다.

Photocatalytic green energy H2 production utilizing inexhaustible solar energy has been considered as a potential solution to problems of energy scarcity and environmental contamination. However, the design of a cost-effective photocatalyst using simple synthesis methodology is still a grand challenge. Herein, a low-cost transition metal, Cu-loaded one-dimensional TiO2 nanorods (Cu/TNR) were fabricated using an easy-to-use synthesis methodology for significant H2 production under simulated solar light. X-ray photoelectron spectral studies and electron microscopy measurements provide evidence to support the successful formation of the Cu/TNR catalyst under our experimental conditions. UV-vis DRS studies further demonstrate that introducing Cu on the surface of TNR substantially increases light absorption in the visible range. Notably, the Cu/TNR catalyst with optimum Cu content, achieved a remarkable H2 production with a yield of 39,239 μmol/g after 3 h of solar light illumination, representing 7.4- and 27.7-fold enhancements against TNR and commercial P25, respectively. The notably improved H2 evolution activity of the target Cu/TNR catalyst was primarily attributed to its excellent separation and efficiently hampered recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. The Cu/TNR catalyst is, therefore, a potential candidate for photocatalytic green energy applications.

일반적으로 철근콘크리트 슬래브는 콘크리트 재료의 열적특성에 의해 높은 수준의 화재 저항 성능을 보유하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 기존연구에 따르면 중공슬래브의 열적거동은 일반 슬래브와 상이한 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 이는 중공슬래브 내부에 형성된 공기층 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 슬래브 내부의 공기층을 고려하지 못하는 기존의 방법을 통해서 화재 시 중공슬래브의 내부온도를 추정하는 것은 어려울 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 화재 시 중공슬래브의 내부온도 분포를 산정하기 위한 수치해석 모델을 제안하고 이를 평가하였다. 기본적으로 화재 시 슬래브의 열전달은 전도, 대류, 복사 등을 통해 발생하며, 이를 기반으로 시간에 따른 슬래브 내부 단면 온도분포를 산정하게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 슬래브를 유한개의 층으로 분할하여 각 층의 온도를 산정하는 유한차분법을 도입한 중공슬래브의 수치해석적 모델을 개발하였으며, 슬래브 내부 공기층에서의 대류 및 복사에 의한 열전달 경로를 고려할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 또한 제안된 모델을 실험결과와의 비교를 통해 검증하였으며, 그 결과 제안된 모델은 화재 시 중공슬래브의 온도변화를 적절히 예측하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, we evaluated the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of aromatic volatile hydrocarbons by using WO3–doped TiO2 nanotubes (WTNTs) under visible-light irradiation. One-dimensional WTNTs were synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method and impregnation. XRD analysis revealed successful incorporation of WO3 into TiO2 nanotube (TNT) structures. UV-Vis spectra exhibited that the synthesized WTNT samples can be activated under visible light irradiation. FE-SEM and TEM images showed the one-dimensional structure of the prepared TNTs and WTNTs. The photocatalytic oxidation efficiencies of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene were higher using WTNT samples than undoped TNT. These results were explained based on the charge separation ability, adsorption capability, and light absorption of the sample photocatalysts. Among the different light sources, light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) are more highly energy-efficient than 8-W daylight used for the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, though the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency is higher for 8-W daylight.

화재로 인한 건축물 구조부재의 파괴는 추가적인 경제적 손실과 인명피해를 가져오기 때문에 화재에 대한 구조부재의 안전성은 매우 중요하다. 화재에 노출된 철근콘크리트 구조부재의 경우, 부재의 열전도도에 따라 내부 온도가 상승하고 부재의 하중저항강도와 강성이 저하된다. 철근콘크리트 부재의 화재에 대한 구조성능 확보 여부는 일반적으로 표준화재실험을 통하여 입증한다. 콘크리트의 열전도도는 온도에 따라 변하기 때문에 20℃, 100℃, 200℃, 300℃, 400℃, 500℃, 600℃ 700℃, 800℃ 열적 정상상태의 콘크리트 블록을 이용하여 측정한다. 본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 기둥의 화재에 대한 구조성능 확보 여부를 확인하기 위한 표준화재실험으로부터 얻어지는 열적 비정상상태의 일차원 온도분포 시간이력으로부터 콘크리트의 열전도도를 추출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 표준화재실험으로부터, 기둥의 표면에서 중심까지의 온도분포 시간이력을 얻었다. 콘크리트의 온도에 따른 열전도도 k(T)=α{(T/120)²-T/60+200}에 대하여 다양한 α값으로 온도분포 시간이력을 수치해석 하였고, 실험결과와 가장 오차가 작게 발생하는 α값을 결정하였다. 결정된 콘크리트의 온도에 따른 열전도도는 20℃, 100℃, 200℃, 300℃, 400℃, 500℃, 600℃ 700℃, 800℃ 열적 정상상태의 콘크리트 블록에서 측정된 콘크리트의 열전도도와 비교하였고, 제안된 수치해석에 의한 열전도도 산출방법이 유효함을 입증하였다.

본 연구에서는 식생이 포설된 홍수터를 포함하는 복단면 개수로 흐름의 수위를 예측하기 위하여 유효 전단응력기법에 근거한 일차원 모형을 제시하였다. 제안된 모형은 주수로와 홍수터 접합부에서 발생하는 운동량 교환효과를 와점성계수 개념을 이용하여 반영할 수 있다. 주수로와 홍수터의 경계에서 발생하는 경계와점성계수는 3차원 레이놀즈 응력 모형을 이용하여 결정하였다. 경계와점성계수의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 민감도분석을 수행하였다. 경계와점성계수의 변화에 대하여 배

본 연구는 단순한 직사각형 하도에서 발생한 댐 붕괴 및 홍수전파 등에서 만족스러운 결과를 보였던 Riemann 근사해법을 이용한 1차원 유한체적기법을 불규칙한 하도형상의 자연하도에 적용하기 위하여 새로운 기법을 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위하여 자연하천 단면을 등가의 직사각형 단면으로 변환하는 개념을 도입하였으며, 그 결과, 운동량방정식이 수정되었다. 새롭게 개발된 기법을 정확해가 존재하는 삼각형 단면하도의 댐 붕괴 흐름에 적용하고 그 결과를 비교함