This paper studies the mountain place name characters of the "Shuo wen jie zi", including eleven ancient Chinese characters: "Nao(峱), Yi(嶧), Yu(嵎), Yi(嶷), Min( ), Ji( ), Jie(巀), Xue(嶭), Hua(華), Guo(崞), Yang(崵)". Those characters are all from the same radical of the "San"—mean about mountain on "Shuo wen jie zi", and neighbor in the "San" radical. Mountain place name characters in "Shuo wen jie zi", the character structure all added a radical "San", making it become a synthetic character. However, ancient Chinese geographical literature, the mountain place name not necessarily have the radical "San". Therefore, this paper will focus on the mountain place name characters of the "Shuo wen jie zi", research on structural principle related and the use cases on ancient literatures.

Seoul Metro has set up a principle of liberal translation on naming its stations that it will use thematic role in naming stations in Korean to reveal the origin of the place name and is abiding by the principle. Busan Humetro also applies the same principle. In the view that it can complement the broad principle of transliteration, the thematic role can be fully considered and used in parallel as well. Especially, when thematic role is used, the place name in Chinese characters should be considered first. Furthermore, accurate understanding on the origin of the place name should be sought. However, when looking at closely, there are mistakes in many cases, such as that, the existing Chinese character place names are not considered in thematic role, or the origin of place names are misunderstood, or Chinese characters are wrongly applied. In case of transliteration, there is no independent standard on writing Chinese characters for Korean pronunciation. Therefore, a definite implementation scheme which fully reflects ｢Template(英汉译音表)｣should be sought. Particularly, It should be considered that the common noun at the rear should be thematically translated or its original pronunciation be written as is. In common nouns at the rear which reveal the natural topography, there are many cases that the common nouns at the rear have lost the topographic informativity. Therefore, it would be appropriate to do transliteration for the whole place name in case the common noun at the rear does not contain the information of the relevant region. However, looking at the actual translation examples, the place names containing the old topographical information were thematically translated uniformly, for example, 나루(ferry)→渡口, 다리(bridge)→橋, 샛강(side river)→江, 내(stream)→川, 못(pond)→池, etc. In the cases that the station name contains the needed information, for example, 성당못(Catholic church pond)→聖堂池 in Daegu Subway, the thematic role is necessary, however, it should be noted that there is a possibility of conveying unnecessary information, like, 여의나루(Yeouinaru)→汝矣渡口. In contrast to this, for the cases of public offices or institutions, it is basically necessary to transfer into corresponding offices or institutions in China. Presently, it is written literally as 시청(city hall)→市厅 or 구청(borough office)→区厅, but a way to change this to 市政府, or 区政府 should be considered. It would also be proper to write 검찰청(Public Prosecutors’ Office) to 检察院, rather than 检察厅. In cases that the Chinese character writings are not commonly used, like 政府厅舍, It would be also appropraite to try to find words which are commonly used, like 政府办公大楼, rather than writing as 厅舍. However, for the institutions like 国会议事堂, which does not exist in China, should be treated as exceptions. It would be awkward to translate it into 人民大会堂 overly. Because their roles are completely different each other. On the other hand, in case of writing an English word place name into Chinese, it is necessary to judge whether it is a common noun or a proper noun. If it is a common noun, thematic role would be appropriate, and if it is a proper noun, transliteration should be done. The most problematic cases are when Chinese characters are written together while the English word place names are not translated; Centum City and Renecite Station fall under this category. For Centum City, translated words such as 仙登城 or 仙腾城, which have transliteration and thematic role together, could be suggested, and for Renecite, transliterations such as 日内西德 or 日内西特 could be suggested. In translating Chinese words, it is particularly important to have uniformity whether it is by transliteration or by thematic role. For the case of 버스터미널(bus terminal), it would be embarrasing to write differently, like, 巴士客运站, 高速客运站, 客运站, etc. It is necessary to unify into one expression of, for example, 汽车客运站, or something else. Sometimes 삼거리(three way intersection) is written differently as 三岔路口 and 丁字路口, and this should also be unified. Besides, there are cases where the possibility of transliteration was suggested, like, 골(valley)→谷尔, 고개(pass)→谷给, 바위(rock)→巴伊, or 내(inside)→內. In these cases where the common nouns at the rear appear frequently, it seems necessary to form a consensus to unify the transliteration.

This study examined the factors of place name changes in China from the perspective of sociolinguistics. The place name change factors were diachronically review by not differentiating their corresponding period from ancient time to modern times. Generally, China’s place naming has two principles – physical geographical factors, and human geographical factors. In this study, the human geographical factors were mainly looked at by dividing them further into political diplomatic factors and sociocultural factors. First of all, as for political diplomatic factors, the country has been through name changes during Cultural Revolution, due to ethnic minority policies and due to foreign relationship, military activity and migration. Secondly, sociocultural factor were found to be place name changes to avoid taboo language, to seek sophisticated naming, caused by contact with different peoples and due to historic and cultural preservation.

三国史记,三国遗事等国内的文献资料以及中国或日本的史书上记录的关于新罗的国名, 官名, 地名, 人名等, 大多数都存在于异表记. 按照异表记的原则来说, 它们应该都是同音或近音. 本考以王力提示的音同或音近基准的叠韵, 对转, 旁转, 旁对转, 通转(韵母), 双声, 准双声, 旁纽, 准旁纽, 邻纽(声母)为根据, 从音韵学的角度对这些新罗时期的名词是否是异表记进行考证. 人名接尾辞异表记, 在ⓐ'知,只,利,兮,巴'与ⓑ'次'中, ⓐ为双声, 准双声,叠韵, ⓐ和利, 次通过邻纽, 通转为近音. 而兮和巴并不是互为近音, 前文的ⓐ和ⓑ也不是近音. 地名异表记, ‘伊骨'与‘一古'中的伊和一是双声, 对转的近音. 骨和古在上古音及中古音中不是近音但是在近代音成为了同音. 官等名异表记‘飡, 湌, 餐, 囋, 飧’中餐是本字, 湌是异体字, 飡是俗字, 囋, 飧是异表记字. 官等名異表記‘沙咄干’的咄虽然看作是叱的误记但是从音韵学的角度是无法看成误记的. 官等名異表記‘柰麻’中‘柰, 奈, 乃,那’的奈和柰是两个不同的字, 但是因为在上古, 中古音中是双声, 叠韵的同音所以可以互用. 官等名異表記‘翳飡, 伊湌, 乙粲’中, ⓐ‘翳和伊’是双声,叠韵的同音, ⓐ和‘乙’是双声, 对转的近音. 官等名異表記‘沙湌, 薩湌’中, 沙和薩在中古音里是准雙聲, 對轉的近音.官等名异表记‘吉支智, 吉之, 吉士, 吉次, 稽知’的‘吉支智’中的智是接尾辞. ‘吉支智’的接尾辭'智'除外的‘吉支, 吉之, 吉士, 吉次, 稽知’中的吉和稽在上古, 中古音里是双声, 对转的近音. 後部要素ⓐ支, 知, 之, 士在上古, 中古音里是雙聲或準雙聲, 疊韻或旁轉. 吉次的次在近代音时与ⓐ成为了近音. 在新罗国号的异表记‘斯羅, 斯盧, 徐那伐, 徐羅伐, 徐耶伐, 徐伐, 薛羅, 尸羅, 新羅, 新良, 志羅’等中, ⓐ‘斯, 徐, 薛, 尸, 志’的聲母心,書, 邪, 章母是准双声, 旁纽, 邻纽, 韻部之, 支, 魚, 脂韻通过旁轉成为近音. 但是新罗的新因为和前面的名称们差异较大所以并不是近音. ⓑ‘羅, 盧,那, 耶, 良’是双声或旁纽, 叠韵, 对转, 通转的近音. 王號異表記寐錦和尼斯今中的寐和尼在上古, 中古音中是邻纽, 旁转的近音. 锦和今则确实是双声,叠韵的同音. 尼斯的斯, 就如同在日本书纪中为了表现官等名柰末的末, 在奈麻后面加上了一个禮写做奈麻禮一样, 可推测是作为‘-ㅅ’的角色.

지명은 지역의 위치를 표현하는 주요 방법인 동시에 지역의 고유한 특성을 반영하는 역할을 하는 주요한 지리 정보이다. 지금까지 지명은 매우 중요한 의미를 가지고 있음에도 불구하고, 체계적이고 효율적인 관리가 이루어지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 지명을 효율적으로 관리하기 위하여 지명 관리 시스템과 지명 지도를 중심으로 지금까지의 현황과 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 첫째, 현행 지명 관리시스템의 문제점 및 개선방안을 제시하였다. 특히 시공간적 측면에서 지명을 관리할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 둘째, 지명과 그 위치를 효율적으로 표현하는 표준적인 방법을 연구하고, 나아가 지명지도를 제작하기 위한 기초적인 자료를 제시하였다. 특히 수치지도와 지명 데이터베이스와 연결하는 방안을 제시하고, 디지털 환경에서 지명을 표현하기 위한 지명 지도를 시범 제작하였다.

현재 일본에서 일본해라는 지명은 16세기 이래 서양인 선교사와 탐험가들이 일본에 관한 지리적 지식을 축적하는 과정에서 생겨난 것으로 보고 있다. 그리고 이 지명이 서양에서 일본에 수입되어 정착하게 된 계기는 19세기 말에서 20세기 초반의 시베리아철도 부설, 러일전쟁 등 러시아의 남하정책과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이와 같이 일본 제국주의 정책의 영향으로 한국에서 오랫동안 사용되어 왔던 동해라는 지명은 1910년에 완전히 소멸되고, 식민지 한국에서도 일본해라는 지명이 정착하게 되었다. 그러나 일본은 현재 국제적으로 통용되고 있는 일본해 지명에 대해서 서양인들에 의해 생성되고, 세계에 확산되었기 때문에 일본의 한국 식민지 지배와는 무관하다는 입장을 취하고 있다.