This study was to evaluate the skin sensitization of potassium hydroxide (KOH) by the guinea pig maximization test. In the preliminary test, the induction and challenge dose of KOH were determined as 1.0 and 0.2%, respectively. Guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1ml KOH for 24 h. After 1 week, 1.0% of KOH was treated on the site of injection and 0.2% of KOH was challenged 2 weeks later. The average skin reaction evaluated by erythema and edema on the challenge sites and sensitization rate in the KOH-treatment group at 24 h were 0.0 and 0%, respectively, which are substantially low compared with in the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-treatment group (positive control group) (average skin reaction: 3.0, sensitization rate: 100%) and identical with in the distilled water-treatment group (negative control group), representing a weak sensitizing potential. The average skin reaction and sensitization rate observed at 48 h were 0.0 and 0% in the KOH-treatment group, respectively, and 2.0 and 100% in the positive control group, respectively. It was concluded that 1.0% of KOH classified to Grade I, induced no sensitization when tested in guinea pigs.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the dielectric properties of impregnated and activated palm kernel shells (PKSs) samples using two activating agents, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), at three impregnation ratios. The materials were characterized by moisture content, carbon content, ash content, thermal profile and functional groups. The dielectric properties were examined using an open-ended coaxial probe method at various microwave frequencies (1–6 GHz) and temperatures (25, 35, and 45°C). The results show that the dielectric properties varied with frequency, temperature, moisture content, carbon content and mass ratio of the ionic solids. PKSK1.75 (PKS impregnated with K2CO3 at a mass ratio of 1.75) and PKSN1.5 (PKS impregnated with NaOH at a mass ratio of 1.5) exhibited a high loss tangent (tan δ) indicating the effectiveness of these materials to be heated by microwaves. K2CO3 and NaOH can act as a microwave absorber to enhance the efficiency of microwave heating for low loss PKSs. Materials with a high moisture content exhibit a high loss tangent but low penetration depth. The interplay of multiple operating frequencies is suggested to promote better microwave heating by considering the changes in the materials characteristics.

The analysis of reaction kinetics provided that the reaction order was the 1st of triglyceride and the rate constant was 0.067 min-1. The transesterification of camelina oil using 0.6 wt% mixed catalyst which consists of 40 v/v% of potassium hydroxide (1 wt%) and 60 v/v% of tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide (0.8 wt%), was carried out at 65℃ on the tubular reactor packed with static mixer. The conversion was shown to be 95.5% at the 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, flow rate of feed of 3.0 mL/min and 24 of element of static mixer. The volume of washing water emitted by 0.6 wt% mixed catalyst was the half of the volume emitted by 1 wt% potassium hydroxide.

Activated carbon fiber could be prepared at 973 K by catalytic activation using potassium hydroxide. Phenol resin fiber (Kynol) was impregnated with potassium hydroxide ethanol solution, carbonized and activated at 973 K, resulting in activated carbon fibers with different porosities. The potassium hydroxide accelerated the activation of the fiber catalytically to form narrow micropore preferentially in carbon dioxide atmosphere. The narrow micropore volume of 0.3~0.4 cc/g, total pore volume of 0.3~0.8 cc/g, mean pore width of 0.5~0.7 nm was obtained in the range of 20~50% burnoff.

In this paper, impregnated activated carbon fiber (IACF) was manufactured to pitch-based activated carbon fibers (ACF) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) by using wet impregnation method to raise nitrogen oxides (NOx) adsorptivity. The properties of IACF were observed using EPMA, TGA and DSC and NOx adsorptivity was observed at high and low temperature. Before and after adsorption was analyzed using ToF-SIMS for examine surface characterization of adsorbed NOx. The results showed that the better adsorptivity appeared for increasing KOH ratio. So, NOx adsorptivity showed result that is proportional between KOH and the adsorbed amount. On the other hand, adsorbent that manufactured without washing was better NOx adsorptivity than adsorbent that manufactured with washing. The behavior of adsorption show that crossing time of NO and NO2 delayed for a rising adsorptivity. And NO ratio increased but NO2 ratio decreased according as KOH ratio increases. NOx was confirmed through surface analysis that remain in NO2- and NO3- form on IACF surface.

기후변화의 원인으로는 온실가스의 과량 배출이 문제화 되는 현 시점에서 온실가스 중 가장 많은 양을 차지하는 이산화탄소의 경우 기후변화에 미치는 영향이 다른 종류의 온실가스보다 크다는 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 여러 분야의 산업과 인간 활동에서 발생하는 이산화탄소를 KOH 흡수제를 통해 흡수된 CO2양을 측정하고 발전소 탈황 공정에서 발생하는 ASH를 첨가하여 반응시켜 생성된 CaCO3를 다른 유용한 물질로 전환하여 자원화하고 재사용하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 KOH 흡수제 농도에 따른 CO2 흡수량 측정과 KOH 흡수제와 흡수첨가제(piperazine)을 함께 넣고 흡수된 CO2양을 측정하였다. 또한, CO2 loading curve 이용하여 CO2 흡수량을 계산하였으며, 화력발전소의 탈황공정에서 발생하는 ASH와 CO2가 흡수된 KOH를 수용액과 반응시켜 생성된 시간당 CaCO3의 양을 측정하고 분석기기 XRD(X-Ray Diffraction)와 SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)을 사용하여 결정 구조와 표면 구조를 분석하였다.

본 연구는 MgO를 0~16% 사용한 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 시멘트 (AASC)의 강도와 건조수축 특성에 관안 연구이다. 고로슬래그 미분말 (GGBFS)는 KOH를 활성화제로 사용하였고, 활성화제의 농도는 2M과 4M이다. MgO는 GGBFS의 중량에 대해 치환하였고 물-결합재 비 (w/b)는 0.5이다. 실험결과, 높은 MgO 치환율은 높은 수화반응으로 모든 재령에서 높은 압축강도를 나타내었다. 압축강도와 초음파속도 (UPV)는 MgO의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가되었다. AASC의 건조수축은 MgO의 양이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. SEM 결과를 통해 높은 양의 MgO 시험체는 치밀한 반응 생성물질이 만들어 진 것을 확인할 수 있다.