집박쥐의 번식단계에 따른 행동권 변화를 파악하기 위하여 2009년 5월부터 8월까지 임신기, 수유기, 수유 후기로 구분하여 각 단계별 3개체씩 총 9개체를 대상으로 원격무선추적을 실시하였다. 원격무선추적은 0.38g 발신기와 R2000 수신기 그리고 3소자 안테나를 이용하였으며, 박쥐의 포획은 double-stacked mist net와 harp-trap을 이용하여 포획하였다. 행동권 분석에는 GIS용 SHP File과 ArcGIS 3.3(ESRI Inc.) Animal Movement Extension 2.0을 이용하였으며, Kernel Home Range Method와 Minimum Convex Polygon Method를 이용하여 분석하였다. 번식단계에 따른 암컷 집박쥐의 행동권을 분석한 결과 임신기의 행동권은 MCP 100% 13.46±1.84ha, MCP 95% 12.28±2.15ha, KHR 50% 3.00±0.71ha로 나타났으며, 수유기의 행동권은 MCP 100% 8.13±0.23ha, MCP 95% 7.73±0.63ha, KHR 50%는 1.84±1.05ha로 조사되었다. 수유 후의 행동권은 MCP 100% 125.58±97.77ha, MCP 95% 123.89±97.73ha, KHR 50% 28.61±26.78ha로 분석되어 집박쥐의 행동권은 번식단계에 따라 MCP 100%, MCP 95%, KHR 50% 모두 유의적인 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 수유 후기의 행동권이 가장 크고 수유기의 행동권이 가장 적은 것으로 조사되었다.

The Green Peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, is one of the most widespread insect pests worldwide. We established the ethogram of this species during the pre-reproductive period to understand the behavioral repertoire, organization of behaviors, and the context in which they occur. The behaviors that we observed include honeydew production (HDP), walking, wagging, pre-molting and molting. We noted the frequency and the amount of time for each behavior at different nymphal stages. As the nymphal stage increased, the rate of HDP decreased. The HDP seemed to occurred at regular duration and interval in each nymphal stage, while the wagging and walking seemed to be irregular behaviors. When wagging occurred before HDP, the successive HDP was significantly delayed, suggesting that aphids might not feed during wagging. Due to regularity through all nymphal-stages, HPD can be used for a good behavioral indicator in the related bioassay.

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is one of the most widespread insect pest worldwide. We documented all behaviors of this species during the pre-reproductive period to understand the behavioral repertoire, organization of behaviors, and the context in which they occur. The behaviors that we observed include honey-dew production, walking, wagging, and molting. Honey-dew production occurred regularly at every 30-60 min throughout all nymphal stages. Walking seemed to occur when the host condition was not good, probably related to searching for a new host. Wagging, which was the turning of abdomen with the stylet in the plant, was also frequently observed, but the function of this behavior was unclear. We also noted the frequency and the amount of time for each behavior at different nymphal stages.

The growing oocytes become progressively capable of resuming meiosis, and full meiotic competence appear when they are about 80% of the size of fully grown oocytes. As hormonal influences vary at different stages of reproductive cycle, the size of oocytes may vary according to the reproductive stages. The present study was designed to compare the diameter between the ovulated and freshly collected immature canine oocytes. The ovulated oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by oviductal tube flushing by laparotomy under general anesthesia. Immature oocytes were collected by ovarian slicing method. Diameter of all oocytes was measured directly using epiflurescence microscope with a calibrated micro-eyepiece micrometer at ×200 magnification. The thickness of zona pellucida and diameter of cytoplasm were measured separately and recorded. A total of 2209 zona intact oocytes were collected, among them 628 from anestrus, 675 from follicular, 838 from luteal and 68 by fallopian tubes flushing methods. The average number of oocytes was 104.7, 168.8, 119.7 and 11.3 for anestrus, follicular, luteal and fallopian tubes flushing methods, respectively. The average diameters of the ooplasm and oocyte were significantly varied in different reproductive stages as well as with ovulated oocytes (P<0.05). The average diameter of ooplasm and oocyte was 115.6 and 127.7, 143.0 and 162.0, 134.6 and 150.6, 159.6 and 185.6 for anestrus, follicular, luteal and ovulated oocytes, respectively. Highest number of oocytes with larger diameter could be collected from the follicular and luteal stages. In conclusion, the follicular and luteal ovaries are the best sources of oocytes for canine IVM.

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of morphology, reproductive cycle, incubation time and activation of oocytes on in vitro maturation of cat oocytes and development of IVM/IVF embryos. The results were summarized as follows: 1. When recovered from ovaries collected at different stages of the reproductive cycle (inactive, follicular and luteal stage), the developmental rates of oocytes to GV and MI stage were 72.5% and 27.5%, 57.5% and 7.5%, 62.5% and 17.5%, respectively. 2. The developmental rates of oocytes with cumulus cells to GV and MI stage in different conditions of incubation (5% CO₂, 95% O₂ and 10% CO₂, 90% O₂) were 70.0% and 27.5%, 52.5% and 20.0%, 55.0% and 12.5%, respectively. 3. The developmental rates to GV and MI oocytes when cultured at different time of incubation (17∼20, 21∼24, 25∼28 and 29∼32 h) were 67.5% and 20.0%, 67.5% and 30.0%, 62.5% and 22.5%, 65.0% and 15.0%, respectively. 4. The fertilization and cleavage rates of freshly collected oocytes with and without cumulus cells were 72.5% and 25.0%, 37.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The rates were greater in oocytes with cumulus cells than those without cumulus cells. 5. The fertilization and cleavage rates of oocytes recovered from ovaries collected at different stages of the reproductive cycle (inactive, follicular and luteal stage) were 75.0% and 25.0%, 40.0% and 7.5%, 50.0% and 15.0%, respectively.

본 연구는 소형 고양이의 불임 해결과 체외수정란을 생산하기 위한 방안으로서 난자의 형태, 번식주기, 배양시간 및 활성화 처리가 난포란의 체외수정 및 체외발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 신선 및 salt에 보존한 난소로부터 회수한 난구세포부착 및 나화 난자를 각각 배양했을때 체외수정율 및 분할율은 65.7%와 17.1%, 28.6%와 8.6% 및 57.1%와 13.3%, 23.3%와 3.3%로서 난구세포 부착 신선난자가 나화 난자에 비해 높은 체외

Recently, rice growth and production have been influenced by climatic change worldwide. In particular, under low solar radiation and cloudy weather, rice plants show abnormal physiological responses. In this experiment, plants of the rice cultivar Samgwangbyeo grown 40% and 70% shading and natural conditions at the primordium initiation stage (PI) for 30 days and the booting stage for 10 days up to heading were compared. After shading treatments, culm lengths were significnatly longer than that in natural condition plots, and panicle lengths were shorter in the 40% and 70% shading treatment plots compared to control plots. After heading, the production of dry matter treated at the PI stage was significantly lower than that at the booting stage. SPAD values of the leaf color and N concentration of leaves treated with shading were greater than those under natural conditions. In the shading treatment, the lodging index at 20 days after heading was significantly higher than that in natural condition. For yield components, number of panicles, spikelet number per panicle, and ripened grain ratio significantly decreased with shading treatment; thus, rice yield decreased significantly. For rice quality, the protein content of the head rice treated with shading was significantly higher than that in the control plot, but the amylose content of rice treated with shading was signifiantly lower than that in rice in control plots.

The effect of water deficits on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] could appear on seed quality through changes of morphological plant characteristics. Two Korean genotypes, Hwangkeum (determinate growth habit) and Muhan (indeterminate growth habit), were used to examine the influences of treatment stage and method of water deficit during reproductive growth period on yield and seed quality of soybean. Water deficit at R5 or R6 stages was as damaging to seed quality as double water-deficit treatments at R2+R5 or R2+R6. However, seed from double water-deficit treatment tended to have lower oxidation-reduction potential compare to the corresponding single water-deficit treatment. In comparison with Muhan, Hwangkeum had significantly greater oxidation-reduction potential value. Seed yield per plant in both genotypes depended greatly on seed yield of branches. However, the proportion of number of branch seed to total seed umber in Hwangkeum was increased as the water deficit was applied during later reproductive stage, whereas, in Muhan the proportion was lower. Water-deficit treatments including the single and double water-deficit treatments and non-stressed treatment were able to be classified into five groups for Hwangkeum and four groups for Muhan based on the influences on yield components, number of pod, number of seed, and single seed weight, using principal component analysis. In both genotypes, R2+R5 water-deficit treatment decreased number of pod and seed, but increased single seed weight. On the contrary, R6 or R2+R6 stress increased the pod and seed number, but decreased single seed weight