The two sibling species of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans (Diptera: Drosophilidae), have long been used as the key model organisms in ecological and evolutionary research. While numerous studies have investigated the thermal responses of these two species, no study has yet systematically compared their response to dietary macronutrient balance. To fill this knowledge gap, we compared how various life-history traits expressed during larval development would response to an array of dietary ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P:C ratio) in these two sibling species. Largely consistent with previous studies, D. melanogaster took longer to complete their larval development and were much larger at adult emergence than D. simulans. For both species, an increase in dietary P:C ratio resulted in improved larval survivorship and faster development. However, the two species showed qualitatively different response to dietary P:C ratio when body mass at adult eclosion was concerned. The body mass of D. melanogaster peaked at an optimal P:C ratio of 1:4, but decreased as the P:C ratio either increased or decreased from this optimum. In marked contrast, the body mass of D. simulans was insensitive to dietary P:C ratio.

Aphidius colemani has been used as commercially available natural enemies for the aphid control. However, some siblingspecies are difficult to distinguish their morphology even though they have different parasitic characteristics. Recentlywe identified overwintering parasitoids inside the aphid mummies at the pepper greenhouse in Yecheon. The nucleotidesequence analysis identified as A. transcaspicus which is morphologically similar with A. colemani. Those genetic differencesof COI and ITS2 sequences were 4.36-4.84% and 2.65-5.84%, respectively. While A. colemani is useful for the controlof Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, A. transcaspicus parasitize various species belongs to the genera Hyalopterus, Melanaphisand Rhopalosiphum. Thus, precise diagnosis of natural enemies is required for the successful pest control.

Two sibling species of the genus Monopis Hübner are collected in Jeju Island, with one of them reported for the first time from Korea. The genus currently comprises approximately 100 named species, which are widespread and diverse throughout the Old World, but poorly represented in the New World. Many species of the genus Monopis have been reported in bird nests, feces, and wool products. The larvae of these moths feed on keratin and chitin sources, such as feather, pellet and guano. The adults are briefly described, illustrated and compared, including the male and female genitalia.

최근 사과원에서 복숭아순나방붙이(Grapholita dimorpha)의 발생이 보고되었다. 복숭아순나방붙이는 이와 유사한 복숭아순나방(G.molesta)이 발생하는 또 다른 기주에서도 동시에 발생이 가능하다고 제기되었다. 본 연구는 국내 여러 지역의 배과원에서 복숭아순나방붙이의 발생이 있음을 보고한다. 복숭아순나방붙이의 종 동정은 형태적 특징과 분자마커를 이용하여 실시되었다. 이들 두 종의 공통된 성페로몬 주성분으로 상호 교차 포획이 이뤄질 수 있다. 복숭아순나방붙이 페로몬트랩에 복숭아순나방붙이와 복숭아순나방이 포획되고, 복숭아순나방 페로몬트랩에 복숭아순나방과 복숭아순나방붙이가 포획되었다. 복숭아순나방붙이 트랩에 이뤄진 교차 포획비율은 지역적으로 다른 배과원에서 상호 뚜렷한 차이가 나타났다. 더욱이 이 두 종의 발생 피크도 조사한 모든 야외 지역에서 시기적으로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 배 과수원에서 두 종의 성페로몬 트랩으로 얻은 모니터링 자료는 각각 서로 다른 종의 포획이 혼재하며, 이는 해당종의 발생빈도와 발생밀도가 확대 해석될 수 있음을 본 연구 자료는 제시하고 있다.

The oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) and the plum fruit moth (G. dimorpha) are internal feeders of stone and pome fruits and highly similar in morphological characters and feeding behaviors. These two species share their two main sex pheromone components, Z8-dodecenyl acetate(Z8-12Ac) and E8-dodecenyl acetate(E8-12Ac) although pheromone compositions are different. But, two males of these species were cross-attracted to G. molesta and G. dimorpha pheromone trap, respectively. Their host plants are also very similar in Rosaceae including apples, plums, paches, etc. These sympatric and similar pheromone ratios and biological characters suggest their recent speciation divergence. To determine genetic origin of this speciation, were analysed transcriptomes associated in sex pheromone biosynthesis in these sibling species. Total RNAs were collected from pheromone glands and read by a short read deep sequencing technology using an lllumina HiSeq2000. Almost 3-4 Gb reads were de novo assembled and resulted in 76,361 contigs of G. dimorpha and 104,463 contigs of G. molesta. More than 70% of these contigs were annotated and classified by a typical GO analysis. Transcriptomes related with sex pheromone biosynthesis were selected and grouped into fatty acid synthase, fatty acid oxidation, desaturase, reductase, and isomerase. These analyses identified sex pheromone biosynthesis machineries, which showed significant differential expressions between two sibling species. Field monitoring assays indicated the minor components (Z8-12OH) resulted from fatty acid reductase were crucial in isolating two sibling species.

The oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta) and the plum fruit moth (G. dimorpha) are internal feeders of apples. Their sympatric and similar sex pheromone compositions suggest their recent divergence in speciation. This study aims to determine genetic factors in this speciation by comparing transcriptomes associated in sex pheromone biosynthesis in these sibling species. Total RNAs were collected two female abodominal tips and read by a short read deep sequencing technology using an lllumina HiSeq. Almost 3-4 Gb reads were de novo assembled and resulted in 76,361 contigs of G. dimorpha and 104,463 contigs of G. molesta. More than 70% of these contigs were annotated and classified by a typical GO analysis. Transcriptomes related with sex pheromone biosynthesis were selected and grouped into fatty acid synthase, fatty acid oxidation. These analyses identified sex pheromone biosynthesis machineries

Anopheles quadrimaculatus( Say) 자매종 간의 미토콘드리아 DNA의 제한효소 절단부위변이를 Aedes albopictus의 마토콘드리아 cDNA를 probe로 이용하여 조사하였다. DNA hybridization에 의해 두 속간에는 mtDNA 영기서열의 상당한 상동성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 개체 모기로부터 분리한 DNA를 제한효소를 사용하여 절단한 결과 자매종간에 다른 양상을 볼 수 있었으며 Hind III에 의한 mtDNA 절편만으로도 자매종들을 동정할 수 있었다.

Physiological toxic and mutagenic effects of gramoxone in Drosophila melanogaster were invetigated. Gramoxone was highly toxic on the development, resulting in of lowering the viability and in prolongation of the developmental times. Adults treated with gramoxone during the developmental stages caused a lowering of the productivity and a little change in protein quantity. But the effect on the sex-linked lethal mutagenesis was found to be negative. The order of mortality causing adult stage feeding to gramoxone in the D. melanogaster complex was like this ; D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, D. simulans and D. melanogaster. Two species of the D. yakuba complex were alike. Those results were more or less correlation with speciation of the D. melanogaster subgroup.