The nature of the UN Global Compact has been studied from the perspective of three frameworks. The first is the theory of norm. The UNGC involves the creation of a network beyond transnational advocacy, as a transnational norm. The network of the UNGC is a public space for dialogue among participants. The second is the theory of subject. In the process of Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives, ownership of various stakeholders and actors including companies are discussed. Furthermore, it attempts to draw the sense of ownership and commitment from those who cannot recognize their ownership. The third is the theory of responsibility. In the age of globalization, in association with increasing multilateral actors, the concept of ‘responsibility’ should be multilayered. The concept of ‘responsibility’ should be interpreted stereoscopically and it will be necessary to understand and conceptualize many related concepts concerning ‘accountability’ such as ‘responsibility,’ ‘charge’ and ‘commitment,’ with gradations.

예이츠 연구에서 소외된 레드 한라한 스토리 읽기를 통해 초기 예이츠 문학의 면모와 이후 변화 발전하는 예이츠 시학의 뿌리를 살펴본다. 레드 한라한 스토리는 단순히 아일랜드의 전승민담과 신화를 바탕으로 민족주의자로서의 예이츠의 면모를 보여주기보다, 작가 개인의 창조적 변용과 끊임없이 변화하고 진화하는 예술적 재능을 보여주는 예라 할 수 있다.

This article primarily assesses feminism’s achievements and challenges, particularly within the framework of the UN gender mainstreaming policy. The first part of the article explored different feminist inquiries into general law to question whether such inquiries have been successfully or properly reflected in the UN gender mainstream process. The second part focused on the progress made by the UN Security Council through its series of resolutions on Women, Peace and Security to examine the ways in which international institutions and international legal categories tend to exclude women and the issues of most concern to women. This analysis, owing much to the extensive literatures on female analyses on international law in the last two decades, led to the conclusion that despite the significant progress that has been made by feminist international lawyers, there remain many ongoing challenges before international law may fully embrace and reflect ‘true’ feminist values.

Great positive has big lungs and weak liver, great negative has strong liver and small lungs, small positive has large spleen and small kidney and small negative has big kidney and small spleen. The formation of DNA at initial conception of human cell is equivalent to atomic bonding while the formation of proteins of the cell growth in a human body is equivalent to molecular bonding. Rotational electro-magnetic wave photo-synthetic starch has no molecular bonding but only gluco pyranoses. The atomic bonding are equivalent to right constitutions while the molecular bondings are equivalent to left constitutions. Five Uns and six Gis are rotational electro-magnetic waves from heaven and land. Jang (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart) becomes strong or weak by Uns while Bu(colon, gall, stomach, urinary bladder, small intestine, samcho) becomes strong or weak by Gis. In view of modern physics of life energies four phase constitutions are generated due to more four kinds of life energies than the others. Korean four phase constitutions considered apriority and postreriority at the same time while Chinese Un-Gi constitutions considered only apriority and are the same as the four phase constitutions in apriority. The energy-synthesis from land and heaven is an abnormal phenomenon, that is to say, a kind of energy diseases. The four phase constitutions is very effective for medical curing therefore. The theory of meridian flow in a body is the same as the electric-battery. The constitution are the results from chaotic process.

While a broad consensus exists over the necessity of reforming the Security Council, the disagreement among the different groups of member States prevails in great part due to the enlargement and category of membership and the working methods. Such divergence in views attributed to the stalemate in the debate over the Security Council’s reform. However, the recent discussion has gained momentum since the launch of the intergovernmental negotiation at the UN level. The key issues surrounding the UN Security Reform include the size of an enlarged Council, categories of membership with proper regional representation, the veto, working methods and relations with the General Assembly. It is essential not only to properly assess the content of the different proposals to bring out the most‘ sensible’solution, but the attitude of the five permanent members should also be closely examined. In any case, the potential changes in the structure of the Security Council would ultimately require a unanimous decision of the 5P States. This article aims to review the historical development of the Security Council’s reform debate and concentrate on the most contentious questions by analyzing the content of the relevant proposals to test the feasibility of each option.

UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in the 2004 Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change,“ A more secure world: Our shared responsibility” (under the heading “A more effective United Nations for the twenty-first century” stated: “The United Nations was never intended to be a utopian exercise. It was meant to be a collective security system that worked.”However, several authors in recent years have asserted that the victorious powers merely wanted to maintain the status quo and their privileged positions, and never intended the system to work and give up those privileges. This paper, however, argues the contention that the UN was never designed to function effectively, is a myth, and it does not take into account important aspects and innovations that presented decisive new developments that originated with the United Nations. Thus the international court, which had in the interwar period been an institution outside the framework of the League of Nations Covenant, became an integral part of the UN system, making it more closely resemble a government with legislative, executive and judicial functions. Even more prominent, concerning the executive branch, the Security Council, unlike what had been the case with the League Council, opened itself to instigate members to delegate powers for its effective functioning. This was a most significant innovation that would allow for democratic process in the organization and defence of peace. Finally, a new principle in international law, i.e. the concept of a “transitional period”for world organization, was conceived.

전자상거래는 인터넷매체를 통한 비대면적 거래이며, 사업자와 소비자 사이의 거리를 불문한다는 점에서 소비자거래 또한 국내에 국한되지 않는다. 따라서 국제소비자거래가 증가함에 따라 이에 따른 분쟁 또한 증가하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 소비자보호적 측면에서 전자거래에 관하여 전자거래기본법과 전자상거래소비자보호법의 미비점을 살펴보기 위하여 그 비교법적 대상으로 국제거래로 이루어지는 전자거래에 법적 장애를 제거하기 위해 마련된 통일적인 규범인 UN전자계약협약으로 하였다. 그리고 전자거래계약의 체결의 과정에 따라서 문제가 발생할 수 있는 정보제공, 청약과 청약의 유인, 오류의 방지, 성립시기와 장소의 문제를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 청약과 청약의 유인과 관련하여, UN전자계약협약이나 전자상거래소비자보호법이나 유사한 관점을 보인다. 그러나 청약과 청약의 유인의 구분에 관하여 많은 논란이 있었던 만큼, 분명히 명시하는 것을 고려해 보아야겠다. 다음으로 송신시기와 관련해서는 UN전자계약협약과 전자거래기본법이 다른 입장 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 송신시기와 관련하여 다른 나라의 입장과의 통일적인 관점에서 규율하는 것이 증가하는 국제거래에서 필요하다고 보인다. 마지막으로 장소와 관련하여 UN전자계약협약은 영업소라는 개념을 도입하고 있다. 전자거래에서 장소의 개념은 분쟁발생시 재판관할을 확정하는 등 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 전자상거래소비자보호법과 전자거래 기본법은 영업소가 2이상인 경우에만 주된 관리가 이루어진 곳을 영업소(place of business)로 본다고 명시하고 있지만, 그렇지 않은 경우에는 무엇을 기준으로 하여 영업소를 파악할 것인가의 명시는 없다. 따라서 전자계약협약과 같은 영업소의 실질적으로 파악하는 개념의 명시의 도입은 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

Nous obserbons dans le champs de l’art aujourd’hui, le changement radicalprovoquant étant donné que le pouvoir du marché de l’art s’augmente de plus en plus. C’est pour cela que le champ du discours de l’art n’est actuellement plus formé par desnotions esthètiques artistiques, mais par celles qui sont réservées au domaine de l’économie et du marché. Il n’est plus significatif de croire la valeur esthètique de l’oeuvred’art, puisque l’esthètique elle-même ne fonctionne plus. Par contre, le système de donnerle prix à l’oeuvre d’art fonctionne rigoureusement. En plus, cette situation s’aggrave étantdonné que la mondialisation du marché de l’art s’installe avec rapidité. Malgré lamondialisation de l’art, des gens qui habitent par exemple à Séoul ne peuvent pas s’approcher facilement de ce qui se passe à New York, le vrai centre de l’art contemporain.Dans cette situation, le champ de discours de l’art n’a pas d’autre solution de se rétrécirremaquablement et le sujet de discussion sur le grand art est remplacé par celui du successde l’art. Cette recherche est arrivée à remarquer que le système du foire internationale de l’art fonctionne comme une locomotive dans le marché de l’art qui est le vrai dominateur del’art contemporain. Aujourd’hui les grands clients du monde de l’art et les jeunesspéctateurs, les clients de l’avenir s’assemblent autour de quelques foires internationalesréputés qui ont de l’autorité. C’est ainsi que l’achat et la vante de l’oeuvres d’art estsuffisamment mondialisé et que le système local du marché est dérangé et s’éffondrégravement.Malgré la différence significative, la majorité des galeries d’art lacaux s’oblige desuivre à la suite du style du foire internationale de l’art. C’est la raison pour laquelle quecette recherche se fait une idée nette que la prospérité actuelle du marché de l’art n’est quela situation économique ou financière. A ce stade de la réflexion, cette recherche arrivera à poser une question primordialeci-dessous: “Si l’art qu’on à l’intention de proclamer ne serai plus possible de faire réfléchirsur la liberté et la solidarité humain, la dignité de l’homme, cet art n’est plus autre choseque l’insignifiance. Au lieu de parcourir divers phénomène du marché de l’art aujourd’hui, cetterecherche fixera son attention sur la réalité du foire internationales de l’art. Dans cecontext, cette recherche sera composée par trois chapitres donc le première essayera derépondre á la question de son influence extraodinairement puissante. Le deuxième chapitreessayera d’analiser la réalité et la source du pouvoir du foire internationale de l’art. Nousessayeront au troisième chapitre de configurer le point de vue critique qui permettra debien comprendre notre sujet.

UN해양법협약에 따르면 연안국을 자국의 법령을 위반했다고 믿을 만한 충분한 이유가 있는 경우 외국선박을 공해상에까지 추적하여 나포할 수 있는 추적권을 행사할 수 있다. 추적권은 공해상의 선박에 대해서는 기국이 관할권을 갖는다는 기국주의 원칙에 대한 중요한 예외의 하나이다. 본 논문은 국제관습법에 의해 형성되었고, UN해양법협약에 의해 인정되고 있는 해상에서의 추적권 행사시 무력사용의 한계에 관하여 사이가호 및 불심선 사건을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 추적권 행사시 가능한 한 무력의 사용은 회피되어야 할 것이며, 무력의 사용을 회피할 수 없다면 그 상황에서 합리적이고 필요한 정도를 초과해서는 안 될 것이다.