This study was to investigate the firing method of limestone in Joseon Dynasty, and analyze the physical·chemical properties of lime mortars in Joseon Dynasty. This study was to manufacture and evaluate the firing experiment and mortar of Limestone by each sort in order to reproduce the traditional lime mortars in Joseon Dynasty, and investigate the behavior to improve physical properties according to the firing method of Limestone. This study has found out that there were screening criteria and standard of appropriate firing temperature about the Limestone in Joseon Dynasty. Accordingly, this study was to improve its strength through various additives and mixture. In particular, in case of Limestone, the black and blue Limestone were preferred, and most of domestic Limestones were low grade Limestone including the clay and took ivory white or blue with low whiteness. This study has shown that the low grade Limestone was mined by the surface mining compared with the high grade Limestone as underground mining method, and could be used because it was easy to mine relatively and there was possibility that Natural Hydraulic Lime(NHL) was used with the traditional lime mortars in Joseon Dynasty.

There are many reasons of damage in Namhansanseong Yeojang. Lots of damage types are observed in each Yeojang. There are many types of damage factors but major damage factor is breakage by freezing and thawing. So Conduct non-destructive evaluation about damage factors in Namhansanseong Yeojang to analysis weathering factors in Yeojang by measuring directional microclimate. The study will pave the way for conservation management in Namhansanseong by suggesting the conservation calendar about weather condition and damage factors.

This study progressed an investigation on the cause of the efflorescence phenomenon of bricks in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, which is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage by using diverse scientific analyses. The samples were taken in Hwaseong and analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS for the material identification of efflorescence. We observed under a polarizing microscope and measured absorption factors for the basic investigation for traditional bricks. As a result of material identification, soluble salt(Na2SO4, KNO3) and insoluble salt(CaCO3) were detected. There was no big difference between original bricks and repaired bricks under the polarizing microscope. However, in terms of the water absorption rate, bricks which were used for repair nowadays showed low water absorption rate(1%). In conclusion, soluble salt and insoluble salt appeared due to an effect of an air pollution and joint mortar. Soluble salt was removed in the rainy season, but insoluble salt was not removed. As a result of the efficiency and safety tests for chemicals removing efflorescence, chemical E is likely to be the suitable chemicals for the efflorescence phenomenon of traditional bricks in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress. In the future, consideration whether the use of lime is available or not should be studied through comprehensive researches including repair work, construction work and the environment factor with lime. Also, physical, chemical identifications of repairing bricks will be required.

The Sungnyemun roofing tiles were twice disassembled for maintenance work, in 1963 and 1997, and modern tiles were applied in 1997. However, besides differing in visual appearance, the modern tiles had distinctly different physical properties. A study has been carried out on 22 different tiles, including original Sungnyemun tiles, modern tiles applied during maintenance, traditional tiles made by tile-makers, and others, to examine their physical properties, such as bending strength, frost resistance, absorption, whole-rock magnetic susceptibility, chromaticity, differential thermal analysis, and other characteristics. Since the method of making modern tiles involves compressing clay in a vacuum, modern tiles showed relatively greater bending strength and specific gravity, while Sungnyemun tiles and those made by tile-makers, in comparison, demonstrated less bending strength and specific gravity owing to their production method of 'treading,' in which clay is mixed by having someone tread upon it repeatedly. Over time, the absorption rate of the original tile used for Sungyemun gradually decreased from 21% to 14.7%; traditional tiles from tile-makers showed absorption rates of 17%, while the absorption rate of modern tiles was just 1%, which is significantly low. As for frost resistance, Sungnyemun tiles and traditional tiles from tile-makers showed cracking and exfoliation after being subjected to testing 4 or 5 times, while slight cracking was seen on the surface for modern tiles after 1ngy, or 3 times. In other words, no significant difference from influence by frost was found. According to the results of differential thermal analysis, the plastic temperature was shown to have been no less than 1, on℃ for all types of tile, and cristobalite was measuredthrough XRD analysis from a Sungnyemun female tile applied during maintenance in 1963, which appeared to have been plasticized at between 1,200℃~1,300℃. Based on these research results on the physical properties of tiles from the Sungnyemun roof, a fundamental production method for tiles to be applied in the restoration of Sungnyemun has been identified.

대구시내 인문계, 실업계 여고생 총 420명을 대상으로 전통음식에 관한 기호도와 섭취빈도에 관한 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 조사대상자의 일반적인 사항을 조사한 결과, 실업계 여고생의 부모보다 인문계 여고생의 부모의 총수입이 더 높게 나타났으며, 대가족의 형태와 형제 자매수는 실업계 여고생에게 유의적으로 더 높게 나타났다 2. 전통음식의 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과 인문계 여고생에게는 상대적으로 구이류의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 높은 반면, 실업계 여고생에게는 상대적으로 면류의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 더 높게 나타났다. 3. 된장류, 김치류, 젓갈류의 기호도와 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과, 젓갈류의 기호도와 섭취빈도가 실업계 여고생에게 높게 나타났다. 부모들의 수입정도에 따른 된장류, 김치류, 젓갈류의 기호도와 섭취빈도를 조사한 결과 수입이 높을수록 기호도와 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다. 4. 16종의 음식종류중 먹어보았거나 조리방법까지 알고 있는 식품의 종류를 조사한 결과 인문계 여고생은 7.74개, 실업계 여고생은 6.99개로 인문계 여고생이 더 높게 나타났다. 또 이것을 Pearson상관계수로 그 요인을 비교한 결과, 부모의 수입이 부모의 나이보다 전통식품의 인지도에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과에서 보듯이 교육환경 즉, 가족형태, 수입 등의 사회 경제적 요인이 서로 다른 두 집단에서의 전통음식의 섭취빈도, 기호도, 인지도에 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉 그들의 가족형태, 경제적인 수준의 차이가 전통식품의 선택, 기호도 등에 영향을 주었고, 이러한 경향은 오늘날의 식생활 변화를 대변해 준다고 볼 수 있다. 우리의 전통음식을 젊은 청소년에게 널리 인식, 보급시키기 위해서 그들을 둘러싼 사회 경제적, 교육적 환경을 더욱 자세하게 분석하고 체계적으로 접근하는 자세가 필요하다고 생각된다.

호남평야지에서 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 품종별 적정 수확시기를 검토하기 위하여 2002~~2004 년에 평야지인 익산에서 조생종인 삼천벼, 중생종인 화성벼, 중만생종인 남평벼를 공시하여 시험을 수행하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 등숙비율은 삼천벼는 출수 후 50~~55 일, 화성벼 55~~60 일, 남평벼 60일 이후수확에서 높았고 현미천립중은 삼천벼는 출수 후 50~~55 일, 화성벼 55일, 남평벼 55~~60 일 수확에서 무거웠다. 2. 쌀 수량은 삼천벼는 출수 후 45~~50 일, 화성벼 50~~55 일, 남평벼 55~~60 일 수확에서 많았다. 3. 완전미 수량은 삼천벼는 출수 후 45일, 화성벼 50일, 남평벼 55~~60 일 수확에서 많았다. 4. 따라서 호남평야지에서 완전미 수량, 쌀 품위, 단백질 함량, Toyo 식미치 등을 고려한 수확적기는 삼천벼는 출수 후 52일(적산온도 1,213℃ ), 화성벼는 출수 후 56일(1,221℃) , 남평벼는 출수 후 60일(1,207℃) 경으로 생각된다.

호남평야지에서 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 적정 이앙시기를 구명하고자 2002~~2004년까지 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 단위면적당 영화수는 생태형에 관계없이 5월 30일 이앙에서 가장 많았다. 나. 등숙비율은 삼천벼와 남평벼는 5월 30일~~6월 9일 이앙에서 높았고 화성벼는 5월 30일 이후 이앙에서 높았다. 다. 완전미 수량은 생태형에 관계없이 6월 9일 이앙에서 가장 많았다. 라. 완전미 수량, 등숙비율, 미질 등을 고려한 이앙적기는 조생종과 중생종은 5월 30일~~6월 19일, 중만생종은 5월 30일~~6월 9일이었다.