Compared with modern Chinese, the inquiry sentences of the unearthed Warring States documents occupied an important position in oral communication at that time, and their expression methods were quite distinctive. Through exhaustive corpus investigation and systematic description, four types of inquiry sentences in the excavated Warring States literature, such as specific finger questions, right and wrong questions, positive and negative questions, and choice questions, are discussed, and the special questions used in them are discussed, and the grammar of the special question sentences used in them is explained and analyzed. The study found that the interrogative sentences in the form of questions and answers in the excavated documents mainly include two types: Chujian quotation style corpus and Qinjian Zhongluling corpus. Finally, the different distribution characteristics and regional relationships of the interrogative sentences in the Chujian and Qinjian corpuses were answered.

본고는 龍崗秦簡 第11～22簡, 第68簡, 第181簡의 내용에 대해 해독을 시도하였다. 이 14매의 죽간이 담고 있는 대략의 내용은 禁苑과 관련한 秦법률인 秦苑律에 대한 기록이다. 秦苑律은 상당히 엄격하게 시행되었는데 금원의 출입과 관련하여 위법 행 위를 한 자는 무거운 형벌에 처해졌음을 살펴볼 수 있었으며 해독 작업을 통해 秦代 사회와 법률, 언어와 문자에 대해 한층 더 깊게 이해할 수 있게 되었다. 또한, 본고 는 龍崗秦簡 第11～22簡·68簡·181簡의 기존 연구에 충분한 예증을 찾아 보충하거나 誤釋 부분에 대해서는 정정 의견을 제시하는 등, 기존 연구 성과를 토대로 문자학적 지식을 활용하여 보다 심도있는 고찰을 진행하였다.

The modern Chinese copula, 是 shì, had not yet appeared in the oracle bone period. It began to emerge in Zuozhuan (左傳 ), and appeared only when expressing the judgment of complex topics. Based on the observation as such, this paper looks into the demonstrative of 是 shì, and examines its evolution before it becomes a copula. The task takes three steps: first, usages of 是 shì are investigated throughout various time periods; second, characteristics of sentences containing 是 shì are explained according to how it is used; and last, a comparison is made of sentences containing 是 shì in excavated Chu manuscripts in order to determine their properties. What can be, in fact, explained through the analysis of Chu bamboo literature in the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) are the characteristics of the transitional sentence before the development of 是 shì into the copula. First, in the bamboo slips “Sande” from the fifth volumes of “Chu bamboo slips collected in Shanghai Museum”, the object prepositional phrase appears, indicating the transitional phase in which the 是 shì phrase in the first stage advances toward the second one. “Sande” is the literature of the late Warring States Period, and has a V writing section in which the object has been transposed and no '也' has appeared at the same time. Second, apart from the situation in which the first stage is used as a subject, the situation in which the explanation part leads to NP/N fixation can be considered through the object transposition leading to the NP/N fixation of the topic part. Last, given that “邾公華鍾 (哉(載)公眉壽 ，邾邦是保 : Tsp, NP是 V)” is an article of the Spring and Autumn Period, it is estimated that 是 shì had been initially regarded as the object, and the phrase “TNP, NP＋是＋VP/V” was gradually used as a fixture through the process of the analogy and re-analysis. However, it is critical that this view be examined more closely, and therefore, further research is also needed.

In Ron-chens of Shangbo bamboo slips, there is “A Lou (僂)”. The first word should be read as “Fu (㾈)” in Shuowen, which refers to a hunchback. The “Fu Lou (㾈僂)” is a continuous word, which also refers to a hunchback. In the second edition of Ron-chens, there is “Lou Zhe B Shu (僂者數)”, in which “Shu (數)” should be read as “Lou (塿)” which is called “Mei T Ye (塺土也)” by Xu Xuan, it is cited as “Mo Tu Ye (摩土也)” by Xu Kai, Wang Niansun is changed to “Li T Ye (歴土也)”. According to Shangbo bamboo slips, Xu Kai is right. Bamboo slips here refer to the work of flattening loose land for hunchbacks. In Two-year Law of Zhangjiashan bamboo slips, there is “C Ren (人)”. The first word should be read as “Mian (眄)”, which refers to the blindness of human eyes in the Two-year Law and the Han bamboo slips of Xuanquan. The word “Mian (眄)” in Shuowen says “Mu Pian He Ye (目偏合也)”, There is no exact example in the ancient books, and the unearthed documents can prove their faith and have evidence.

『논어』는 유가 경전 문헌 중 하나이며, 현재의 『논어』는 전래되어 온 것과 출토된 것으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 본문은 평양 정백동 364호 고분에서 출토된 거의 완전한 형태인 39조각의 『논어』를 연구 범위로 하여, 출토된 『논어』와 전래된 『논어』의 경문 상의 차이 현상을 비교하였다. 서로 다른 글자가 쓰여진 현상은 동원통용자나 동음차용자, 쓰기 중에 일어난 와자(訛字), 이체자, 서로 바꾸어 쓸 수 있는 동의사와 자구의 증감 등 여러 현상을 포함하고 있다. 『정주한묘죽간(定州漢墓竹簡) 논어』와 서로 다른 글자를 비교 한 이후에 이 두 다른 지역에서 출토된 『논어』의 수록 자형 상의 차이에 대해 논의하였다. 평양 정백동에서 출토된 죽간 『논어』와 정주 한묘 출토 죽간 『논어』는 시대적으로 비교적 가까우나, 그 글자 상에 있어 완전히 일치하지는 차이를 보이고 있어, 아마도 서로 다른 경로로 전래되었을 수도 있다는 것을 알려준다. 본문은 출토와 전래된 『논어』에서 서로 다른 글자가 발생하게 되는 여러 원인을 분석하였다. 현재, 동아시아 고등교육 교재 중, 예를 들어 한국의 한문교과서서에서도 『논어』는 중요한 교육 내용이기에 『논어』에 대한 언어문자적 연구는 세계 한자한문교육에 도움이 되리라 기대 한다.