The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a natural product of cherry tree (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea: PS) as a test substance for improving cytokine and ovalbumin-specific IgE using an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model of 5-week-old male BALB/c mice. Lung tissue pathology was analyzed to confirm anti-inflammatory and asthmatic effects. As a result of examining the effect on changes in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model by administering the PS sample, total cells, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes were significantly decreased. Concentrations of cytokine-based TNF-alpha and IL-4 and immunoglobulin E in serum were significantly increased in the asthma-inducing negative control group than in the normal group. However, high concentrations of PS decreased them. In histopathological examination of the lung tissue, it was confirmed that inflammatory cells infiltrated around the alveoli and bronchioles were increased in ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model. After administration of cherry tree extract, bronchiolar morphological changes such as mucosal thickening were slightly improved. From the above results, it was confirmed that extract of cherry tree significantly reduced inflammation expression and tissue damage in alveolar tissues. It was also confirmed that the cherry tree extract had an excellent efficacy in improving asthma inflammation.

This study evaluates the gastroprotective effect of cabbage extract with sulforaphane content of 5.19 mg/L and Smethylmethionine content of 469.28 μg/L. In vitro, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group had an increased NO activity compared to the normal group, and the concentration of NO was reduced when the cabbage extract was treated in the dose manner. The level of IL-6 induced by LPS was dose-dependently reduced when the extract was treated. The cabbage extract concentration was orally administered in rats at 5.75 mg/kg, 11.5 mg/kg, and 23 mg/ kg, and the inhibitory effect on gastric damage by HCl-ethanol was observed. Histological analysis exhibited mucosal erosion in the gastritis model compared to the normal group, while the ameliorating effect of the generated erosion was observed in the cabbage-treated group. The histamine concentration was significantly increased in the gastritis-induced animal model, and the histamine concentration was decreased in the 23 mg/L-treated group of cabbage extract. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that cabbage extract not only down-regulates cytokines in vitro, but is also directly involved in histamine secretion in an animal model of gastritis; therefore, cabbage extract can help inhibit gastrointestinal disorders by improving the protective barrier.

The purpose of this study is to identify the leading price between Jeju and Wando’s oliver flounder producer price and to analyze the dynamic effect of the regional producer price using the panel VAR model. In the process of analysis, it was confirmed that there are unit roots in the monthly data of Jeju and Wando’s oliver flounder producer price. So, in order to avoid spurious regression, the rate change of producer price which carries out log difference was used in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, first, the panel Granger causality test showed that the influence of the change rate of producer price in oliver flounder in Jeju was slightly larger than that in Wando, but it was found that each region all leads the change rate of the producer price in oliver flounder. Second, the panel VAR estimation showed that the rate change of producer price in Jeju and Wando a month ago had a statistically significant effect on the change rate of producer price of each region. Third, the impulse response analysis indicated that other regions are affected a little more than the same region in case of the occurrence of the impact on the error terms of the change rate of produce price in Jeju and Wando oliver flounder. Fourth, the variance decomposition analysis showed that the change rate of producer price in the two regions was higher explained by Jeju compared to Wando. In conclusion, it is expected that the above results can not only be useful as basic data for the stabilization of oliver flounder producer price and the establishment of policies for easing volatility but can also help the oliver flounder industry operate its business.

본 연구는 MIA로 퇴행성관절염을 유도한 랫드에 방사선 형질전환 차조기가 골 대사 및 염증 반응에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 방사선 형질전환 차조기를 2주 동안 25, 50, 100 ㎎/㎏/day의 용량으로 경구 투여하고 랫드의 우측 관절 내 공간에 MIA를 주입하였다. 이후 동일한 용량을 4주 동안 지속 투여하였다. 혈청 바이오마커와 무릎 관절 분석의 형태학 및 조직병리학적 분석에 기초한 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 대조군 랫드와 비교하였을 때 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 혈청 내 염증 및 골 대사 마커(COX-2, LTB4, MMP-3, COMP)의 생성량을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이와는 다르게 TIMP-1 및 calcitonin의 생성이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 무릎 연골과 활막을 효과적으로 보존하였다. 그 결과, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 증상을 예방하고 완화였다. 따라서, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 관리를 위한 식·의약품 소재로 사용될 수 있다.

본 연구는 난지형 마늘 ‘남도’의 적정 생육 온도 구명과 일 평균온도를 이용한 구중 예측을 위하여 수행되었다. 온도처리는 주간 16시간 야간 8시간 처리로 11/7oC, 14/10oC, 17/12oC, 20/15oC, 23/18oC, 28/23oC 로 설정하였다. 구의 생체중과 건물중은 20oC/15oC 처리구에서 가장 높았으며 고온이나 저온으로 갈수록 감소하였다. 엽수와 총엽면적은 저온인 처리구가 고온처리구보다 생장이 느렸으나, 최종적으로는 최고온도인28/23oC을 제외하고 유사한 경향을 보였다. 구의 생체중으로 6종의 함수를 개발하였으며 이를 통해 ‘남도’ 마늘의 적정 생육온도와 한계온도, 온도에 따른 구생장량을 확인할 수 있었다. 분석 결과 ‘남도’ 마늘의 적정 생육온도는 18~20oC 이며 GDD 기본온도와 한계온도는 7.1oC와 31.7oC로 추정할 수 있었다. 일 평균온도를 이용한 수확기 기준 구 생체중 모델을 검증하기 위하여 온도구배터널의 기상자료를 이용하여 예측하였다. 선형함수를 이용한 예측은 79.0~95.0%, 2차 함수를 이용한 예측은 77.2~92.3%, 로 지스틱분포 함수를 이용한 예측은 80.0~95.8% 예측도를 보였다. 이중 가장 예측력이 좋은 함수는 로지스틱분포 함수이며 생육적정온도와 한계온도도 잘 표현하였다.

The study investigates the impact of inflation rate on economic growth to find the best-fit model for economic growth in Vietnam. The study applied Vector Autoregressive (VAR), cointegration models, and unit root test for the time-series data from 1996 to 2018 to test the inflation impact on the economic growth in the short and long term. The study showed that the two variables are stationary at lag first difference I(1) with 1%, 5% and 10%; trace test indicates two cointegrating equations at the 0.05 level, the INF does not granger cause GDP, the optimal lag I(1) and the variables are closely related as R2 is 72%. It finds that the VAR model’s results are the basis to perform economic growth; besides, the inflation rate is positively related to economic growth. The results support the monetary policy. This study identifies issues for Government to consider: have a comprehensive solution among macroeconomic policies, monetary policy, fiscal policy and other policies to control and maintain the inflation and stimulate growth; set a priority goal for sustainable economic growth; not pursue economic growth by maintaining the inflation rate in the long term, but take appropriate measures to stabilize the inflation at the best-fitted VAR forecast model.

The authors calculate the long-term predictability of GDP, domestic demand, investment, and net exports for Guangdong province, P.R. China from 2000 to 2013. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model with quarterly data for this period is first co-integrated then the Granger causality test is applied to empirically assess the relationships among gross domestic product (GDP), consumption, investment, and net exports. There is a strong causality effect between investment and net exports in Guangdong province. However, the variance decomposition results indicate that exports respond to foreign shocks rather than domestic ones, making their impact on the Guangdong economy to predict. Results show the stimulating effect of domestic demand on GDP is larger than the stimulating effect of net exports and much larger than even the stimulating effect of investment. The analysis suggests that there are dynamic influences with various levels of persistence between GDP, consumption, investment, and net exports. Macroeconomic policy adjustments are urgently required to expand domestic demand and thereby stimulate economic growth in Guangdong province.