Recently, extreme terrorist attacks have frequently occurred around the world and are threatening the international community. It is no longer a safe zone for terrorism in our country. Therefore, domestic nuclear facilities as the highest level of national security facilities have established a physical protection system to protect facilities and lives against terrorist attacks. In addition, security search and access control are conducted for controlled items and unauthorized person. However, with the development of science and technology, disguised weapons or homemade explosives used in terrorism are becoming very sophisticated. Therefore, nuclear facilities need to strengthen security search of weapons or homemade explosives. Since these disguised weapons or homemade explosives are difficult to find only through security search, it is also necessary to actively identify unspecified people who possess disguised weapons or do abnormal behavior. For this reason, the “Abnormal Behavior Detection Method”, which is very effective in preemptive response to potential terrorist risks, has been introduced and operated in aviation security field. Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control (KINAC) has established a “Practice Environment for Identifying Disguised Weapons” in 2020 for trainees to recognize the dangers of controlled items and to use for physical protection education. This Practice environment has not only the basic explanation of the controlled items of nuclear facilities, but also various actual disguised weapons were displayed. It also introduces actual terrorist incidents using homemade explosives such as attempted bombing of a cargo plane bound for Chicago and the Boston Marathon bombing. And then a model of the disguised explosives actually used is displayed and used for education. In addition, in 2022, the “Abnormal behavior detection method” education module was developed and used for physical protection education. In this module, the outline and introduction of the “Abnormal Behavior Detection Method” and “Behavior Detection Officer (BDOs)” are explained. In this way, the access control and security search system of nuclear facilities require the overall monitoring system, not only for dangerous goods but also for identification of persons possess and carrying them. This study describes the development of the Curriculum for “Disguised Weapon Identification” and “Abnormal Behavior Detection Method” to enhance the effectiveness of physical protection education.

과학기술의 발달과 함께 무기체계도 과거 공상 과학영화나 만화에서 볼 수 있었던 것들이 현실로 나타나고 있다. 그중에서도 자율무기체계의 발전은 인류에게 또 다른 재앙이 될 것이라는 견해가 있는가 하면 무기의 정확성과 인간보다 우월한 물리적, 감정적 능력을 통해 무력충돌로 인한 인명과 재산의 손실을 줄일 수 있어 인간에 대한 인권과 생명보호에 더욱 중요한 역할을 할 것이라고 보는 견해가 대립하고 있다. 자율무기체계란 무엇인지, 어느 범위까지 자율 무기체계로 볼 수 있으며, 국제법상 자율무기체계 에 대해 확립된 개별조약이나 국가 사이의 관행이 없는 상황에서 인간의 통제가 작동하지 않는 자율 무기체계의 개발에 대해 기존 국제법으로 이를 규율할 수 있는지를 먼저 살펴본다. 기존 국제법이 적용 가능하다고 할 경우 자율 무기의 기본적인 특성과 자율무기 사용에 대한 찬반론의 견해 대립을 확인한 후에 자율무기의 사용이 국제인도법상의 비례성의 원칙, 구별의 원칙, 기사도의 원칙에 위배되지 않는지 구체적으로 검토한다. 또한 국제인도법에 위반되는 행위가 발생 한 경우 사용을 지시한 지휘관의 책임이나 손해배상 책임에 대해 살펴본다. 마지막으로 자율무기체계가 가장 발달한 미국의 인공지능을 이용한 자율무기체계의 개발현황 과 법령의 규정을 확인하고 유럽, 러시아, 중국, 일본, 북한 등의 국가에서 개발 중인 자율무기체 계를 살펴본 후 우리나라의 자율무기체계와 비교 함으로써 장래 과학기술 및 경제발전과 인구감소 로 인한 병력의 부족문제를 해결할 수 있는 자율 무기체계 개발 필요성에 대해 살펴본다.

The weapon systems development has some distinct characteristics in that a big size of government budget (derived from national tax) has been expended frequently and the completion of the development projects seems to take long. Thus, the impact of the potential changes in the required operational capability on the development activities can induce some type of project risks. As such, proper management of project risk has been one of crucial subjects in the weapon systems development. Although a variety of methods can be considered, an approach based on the test and evaluation (T&E) process has been selected in this paper in order to appropriately handle those potential risks. In the study of the underlying T&E process, the safety consideration (for instance, explosiveness) of weapon systems is also included. To achieve the objective of the paper, a step-by-step procedure is first presented in the analysis of the T&E process. Then, to pursue some enhancement on the process, a set of necessary and useful activities are added in terms of risk and safety management. The resultant process is further analyzed and tailored based on a design structure matrix method. The case study of a tank development is also discusse

Modern weapon systems are getting more complex in terms of the functionality and also the conditions on the environment and range in which they are deployed and used. Therefore, many development programs can easily be exposed to a variety of risks, resulting in delayed schedules and cost overrun. As such, effective means are necessary to keep the defence budget at an affordable level while competitive edges on technological aspects are retained. As one way to meet those need, modeling and simulation (M&S) methods have widely been used, particularly in the test and evaluation (T&E) process for weapon systems development. The result of M&S-based systems development should be evaluated by the verification, validation & accreditation (VV&A) process to assure keeping reliability at a desired level. On the other hand, due to the explosiveness, the weapons systems development naturally requires to consider safety issues in both the T&E and operational periods. The purpose of this paper is to improve the VV&A process by reflecting the safety requirements therein. To do so, the VV&A process has been analyzed and graphically modeled first and then safety elements have been incorporated effectively. The use of the improved process in the war ships development has also been discussed. Based on the process proposed and the consequent database constructed, the target system can be expected to benefit from reducing development risks while assuring systems safety.

Due to the evolution of war fields to the net-centric one, weapon systems have become very complex in terms of both mission capability and implementation scales. In particular, the net-centric war field is characterized by a set of interconnected and independently operable weapon systems. As such, the individual weapon systems are required to meet the interoperability and thus, assuring it has been becoming more crucial even in the early stage of development. Furthermore, the ever-growing complexity of the weapon systems has attracted a great deal of attention on the safety issues in the operation and development of weapon systems. The objective of the study is on how to assure the interoperability for safety-critical weapon systems while maintaining system complexity. To do so, the approach taken in the paper is to consider the interoperability from the early stage of the development. Specifically, the required functions to satisfy the interoperability are developed first. The functions are then analyzed in order to link the safety requirements to the reliability evaluation, which results in the study of quantifying the effects of the safety requirements on the system as a whole. As a result, we have developed a methodology and procedure on how to assure interoperability while applying the safety requirements in the weapon systems development.

최근 현대 무기체계는 최첨단 기술로 인한 무기체계 개발 속도 증가와 획득환경의 다변화와 더불어 이에 대한 위험도 동시에 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국방부는 무기체계의 수명주기를 고려하여 시험평가를 지속 적용토록 강조하고 있다. 따라서 기존의 무기체계 시험평가 프로세스에서 다루는 시스템 설계에 대한 위험 관리 활동의 강화의 필요성 역시 강조되고 있다. 그 중에서도 무기체계 개발의 탐색개발 및 체계개발 단계는 양산에 들어가기 전의 최종 활동으로서 제대로 수행되어야만 초기에 의도한 무기체계 개발의 목적을 달성할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 위험 관리 활동을 고려한 시험평가 프로세스의 개선사항 도출과 모델링을 통해 무기체계 시스템인 무기체계를 대상으로 적용 및 조정 구축에 대한 내용을 기술하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 시험평가 시 위험관리에 대한 투자를 통해 전체 프로젝트의 기간 단축 및 비용 절감과 안전성 확보를 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

With the recent changes in the environment of weapon systems acquisition, the systems development is becoming more susceptible to a variety of risks. To cope with this situation, US DoD has been emphasizing the importance of constantly applying the test and evaluation (T&E) process throughout the whole life cycle of the weapon systems. In particular, the safety requirements are called for attention while dealing with system risks. To this end, the present paper is aimed at studying the T&E process which incorporates the systems safety in weapon systems development. Analyzing and modeling the relevant processes has made it possible to achieve the objective. As a case study, the model results were applied to the development of unmanned aerial vehicles.

최근 현대 무기체계는 최첨단 기술로 인한 무기체계 개발 속도 증가와 획득환경의 다변화와 더불어 이에 대한 위험도 동시에 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국방부는 무기체계의 수명주기를 고려하여 시험평가를 지속 적용토록 강조하고 있다. 따라서 기존의 무기체계 시험평가 프로세스에서 다루는 시스템 설계에 대한 단계별 안전 활동의 강화의 필요성 역시 강조되고 있다. 그 중에서도 무기체계 개발의 핵심 활동에 해당하는 체계개발 단계는 양산에 들어가기 전의 최종 활동으로서 제대로 수행되어야만 초기에 의도한 무기체계 개발의 목적을 달성할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 시스템 안전성 요소를 고려한 시험평가 프로세스의 개선사항 도출과 모델링을 통해 무기체계 시스템인 무기체계를 대상으로 적용 및 조정 구축에 대한 내용을 기술하고 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 시험평가 기간의 단축 및 비용 절감과 데이터의 관리 및 추적 기능을 개선함으로써 무기체계 개발 후의 안전사고 발생 가능성을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This work describes identification of essential considerations when we develop OMS/MP for the shipboard weapon systems. It is compulsory to develop OMS/MP which describes quantity of what mode to have and how often to operate. In this point of view, relat