This study was carried out to investigate optimum wind velocity for growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. In the chamber experiments, the divergence of pileus was 63° in 0.3m/s, and it showed the tendency that the more the air velocity was increased, the more the divergence became small. And the ratio of commercial yields was 96% in the air velocity of 0.3m/s. In the cultivation room experiments, the divergence of pileus was 64° in 0.3m/s, and it was the tendency that the more the air velocity was fast, the more the divergence became larger. And the commercial yields was similar to the trend of the chamber experiment as 94.8% in 0.3m/s, and the quality characteristics of the fruit-body showed the uniform quality in comparison with other treatment because the standard deviation of the size of the pileus, etc. was the lowest in 0.3m/s like the chamber experiment.

This study aimed to identify milling characteristics depending on the number of a cutting roller’s air vent and blowing velocity to remove rice bran by the cutting type milling machine which can minimize the conventional milling process. The level of whiteness was found to be 38±0.5 in all the conditions, showing consistent whiteness levels during milling. The rice temperatures turned out to be 15.4 and 14.6oC which were rather low-level under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and blowing velocities of 35 and 40 m/s respectively. Cracked rice ratio was 2.13% under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and a blowing velocity of 35 m/s. Broken rice ratio showed the range of 0.762-0.869%, reflecting a low level. Turbidity after milling was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. Energy consumption for milled rice production was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. The optimum milling condition for cutting type milling machine depending on air vent number of cutting roller and blowing velocity was found to be 3 vents and 35 m/s.

This study aimed to identify milling characteristics depending on the number of a cutting roller’s air vent and blowing velocity to remove rice bran by the cutting type milling machine which can minimize the conventional milling process. The level of whiteness was found to be 38±0.5 in all the conditions, showing consistent whiteness levels during milling. The rice temperatures turned out to be 15.4 and 14.6oC which were rather low-level under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and blowing velocities of 35 and 40 m/s respectively. Cracked rice ratio was 2.13% under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and a blowing velocity of 35 m/s. Broken rice ratio showed the range of 0.762-0.869%, reflecting a low level. Turbidity after milling was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. Energy consumption for milled rice production was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. The optimum milling condition for cutting type milling machine depending on air vent number of cutting roller and blowing velocity was found to be 3 vents and 35 m/s.

The effects of drying temperature on the drying characteristics of soybeans at the different position in the dryer with 28.1% (±0.8) of initial moisture content were studied. Drying temperatures varied at 35, 45 and 55ºC, with a constant inlet air velocity (3 m/s). The local air velocities at a position 1, 5, and 9 were 0.150 m/s (±0.012), 0.247 m/ s (±0.018) and 0.795 m/s (±0.036), respectively. The drying rate increased as the local air velocity increased from 0.150 m/s to 0.795 m/s. The cracked grain ratio increased as the drying rate increased. To prevent quality degradation of soybeans during hot-air drying, the local air velocity should be considered. Thin-layer drying models were applied to describe the drying process of soybeans. The Midilli-Kucuk model showed the best fit (R2>0.99). Based on the model parameters, the drying time to achieve the target moisture content (15%) was successfully estimated. The drying time was strongly dependent on the position in the dryer and the drying temperature.

In this paper, numerical investigation of transition characteristics in a square-sectional curved duct flow. Computational fluid dynamic(CFD) simulation was performed using the commercial CFD code FLUENT to investigate the transition characteristics. The flow development is found to depend upon Dean number and curvature ratio. The velocity profiles in center of the duct have lower value than those of the inner and outer walls.

본 연구는 표준 개방한우사 설계도에서 제시된 처마의 길이보다 짧게 개방한우사의 처마가 시설되었을 때 지붕의 기울기와 동일하게 처마를 연장하는 것과 기둥 위치에서 수직으로 비가림시설을 하는 경우, 어느 우사가 우의 더위 스트레스 경감, 우방 바닥 건조, 비 들이침 및 환기효율에 더 유리한지를 규명하기 위하여 표준길이의 처마와 3종의 비가림 시설을 대상으로 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 시뮬레이션기법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 여름철의 평균 풍속인 1.2 m/s에 근거하여 시뮬레이션을 한 결과, 여러 형태로 수직 비가림시설을 설치하는 것보다 표준 처마길이로 시공하는 것이 환기 및 풍속분포가 양호하였다. 따라서 수직으로 비가림시설을 하는 것보다는 축사 표준설계도에 제시된 처마 길이 정도까지 지붕의 기울기와 같게 처마를 연장하는 것이 유리하다.

1988년부터 2009 년까지 강원도 춘천지역에서 수행된 벼 작황조사시혐의 오대벼와 일품벼 관련 기상요소 및 조사성적을 바탕으로 각 기상요소가 벼 생육 및 수량에 미친 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 벼 출수기, 간장, m2 당 수수 및 수당립수는 품종 및 생육 단계별로 다소 차이는 있었지만 대제로 총수기 까지의 일평균 기온, 강수량, 일조시간, 기온일교차, 풍속 및 상대습도의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 출수기는 일평균 기온과 상대습도의 영향을, 간장, m2 당 수수 및 수당립수는 일교차 의 영향을 가장 크게 받은 것으로 나타났다. 벼 등숙율, 천립중 및 쌀 수량은 벼 출수기 부터 40 일간의 일평균 기온, 기온일교차, 강수량, 일조시간에 대하여 오대벼와 일품벼가 전혀 다른 반용을 보였으나, 풍속 및 상대습도에 대해서는 대체로 비슷한 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났는데, 그 중에서 쌀 수량은 풍속이 높을수록, 상대습도가 낮을수록 높은 경향을 보였다. 풍속과 상대습도는 기온, 기온일교차, 일조량 등에 비해 상대적으로 벼 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향이 적은 것으로 인식되었기 때문에, 지금까지의 국내 벼 연구에서는 거의 다루어지지 않았으나, 본 연구에서 상대습도가 낮고 바람이 충분한 환경에서 벼는 활발한 증산 작용과 광합성을 통해 수량이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

Draft is defined as an unwanted local cooling of the human body caused by air movement. It is a serious problem in many ventilated or air conditioned buildings. Often draft complaints occur although measured velocities in the occupied zone maybe lower than prescribed in existing standards. Purpose of this study is to clarify the evaluation of thermal comfort based on temperature and air velocity in winter. Experiments were performed in an environmental chamber in winter. Indoor temperature and air velocity was artificially controlled. The experiments were performed to evaluate temperature conditions and air velocity conditions by physiological and psychological responses of human. According to physiological responses and psychological responses, it was clear that the optimum air velocity is about 0.15 m/s and 0.30 m/s.

A predictive modal is demonstrated for gas removal rates from the atmosphere by dry deposition. Typical deposition velocities are complex functions of surface types, atmospheric stabilities, friction velocities, air pollutants, and so on. In this paper we simulated the calculation of dry deposition velocities near the earth surfaces, simultaneously we estimated real dry deposition velocities using the previous simulation. The measurement taken over a deciduous forest by Padro et al.(1988) were used to verify this model. In the comparison of the value of deposition velocity between numerical computation and observation, there are partially overestimations and underestimations between them, but we can speak that they are in a good accordance.