This study is aimed to find a control factor for the marine casualty of fishing vessel by using the risk quantitative method of marine casualty, and sequentially timed event analysis for the reason finding. The result is that collision, sinking, and capsizing took high risk need to be strongly controlled. And the accident reason and control factors distinguished are as follows. The 82.2% of collided fishing vessels have negligence of look out as a immediate cause, while it was judged that underlying causes were the characteristics of vessels and fishing method, lack of suitable complement, fatigue, the prejudice or ignorance on steering and sailing rules. So the control factors are; firstly needs educational control measures and in terms of systemic control approach expand the range of the certificate of competency more smaller tonnage.

해상교통환경의 위험도를 평가하기 위한 기술로는 대표적으로 FSA, PAWSA, IWRAP 등이 있으며, 이러한 기술의 개발을 위해서는 해상교통환경에 적합한 위험요소를 선정하고 이에 대한 평가기준이 마련되어야 한다. 기존 기술에서 위험도는 사고의 출현빈도와 이로 인한 영향의 곱으로 정의되어 이에 따라 사고의 출현빈도 및 영향에 해당되는 위험요소들이 각각 구분되어 선정되고 있었다. 그러나, 본 연구는 각 위험요소에 요소별 출현빈도와 영향을 포함하여 이들의 합으로 위험도를 정의함으로써 기존 기술에서 사고의 영향에 해당되었던 위험요소들을 제외하는 한편, 위험요소 분류체계에 관한 기존 연구의 사례 검토를 통하여 위험도를 구성하는 위험요소를 20가지로 추출한 후 유사한 성격에 따라 5가지 카테고리로 분류하였다. 또한, 선정된 각 위험요소에 대하여 관련 통계자료 등을 이용 실용적으로 용이하게 평가할 수 있는 기준을 제시하여, 향후 국내 해상교통환경에 적합한 위험도 평가모델의 개발을 위한 기초를 마련하였다.

This paper is an architectural paper which has been studied about dowelling form and culture in southwestern island area of Korea from 18C up to now. The goal of this research is to present the basic data in new modeling development of dwelling house. This area had less cultural interchange than inland area because of geographical conditions. Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exit. The traditional houses is composed of Anchae (a central house), Sarangchae (an attached house of Anchae). Sometimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ' shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. Approximately, since 1970's, new type of house has been built in this area. Usually, Inside this house are living room, kitchen, toilet, utility and 3 rooms. Wall is made of brick and roof is made of concrete's slabe. We can not find the traditional culture in this type of houses. The house in the futrue, the factors of cuture and the convenience of the present age have to be coexisted.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate extensively in the undifferentiated state and have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types in response to various environmental cues. The generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from ES cells is promising for cell replacement therapy to treat Parkinson's disease. We compared the in vitro differentiation potential of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells induced with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or retinoic acid (RA). Both types of treatment resulted in similar neural cell differentiation patterns at the terminal differentiation stage, specifically, 75% neurons and 11% glial cells. Additionally, treatment of hES cells with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or transforming growth factor (TGF)- during the terminal differentiation stage led to significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, compared to control (P<0.05). In contrast, no effect was observed on the rate of mature or glutamic acid decarboxylase-positive neurons. Immunostaining and HPLC analyses revealed the higher levels of TH (20.3%) and dopamine in bFGF and TGF- treated hES cells than in RA or BDNF treated hES cells. The results indicate that TGF- may be successfully used in the bFGF induction protocol to yield higher numbers of functional dopaminergic neurons from hES cells.