This study aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid-SNEDDS) to enhance the formulation of ketoconazole (KTZ), a BCS Class II drug with poor solubility. Ketoconazole, which is insoluble above pH 3, requires solubilization for effective delivery. This SNEDDS comprises oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, which spontaneously emulsify in the gastrointestinal tract environment to form nanoemulsions with droplet sizes less than 100 nm. The optimal SNE-vehicle composition of oleic acid, TPGS, and PEG 400 at a 10:80:10 weight ratio was determined based on the smallest droplet size achieved. This composition was used to prepare liquid SNEDDS containing ketoconazole. The droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulting liquid SNEDDS were analyzed. Subsequently, solid-SNEDDS was fabricated using a spray-drying method with solidifying carriers such as silicon dioxide, crospovidone, and magnesium alumetasilicate. The physicochemical properties of the solid-SNEDDS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, and its solubility, droplet size, and PDI were evaluated. In particular, the solid-SNEDDS containing ketoconazole and crospovidone in a 2:1 weight ratio exhibited significantly enhanced solubility, highlighting its potential for improved medication adherence and dissolution rates.

In order to develop catechin patches for skin regeneration at wound sites, patches with varying concentrations of catechin and chitosan were manufactured. An optimal composition ratio was determined by adjusting the drug release rate and amount, to maximize efficiency. The catechin used in this study was extracted from green tea leaves using a solvent/ultrasonication method, and its characteristics were confirmed through Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Patches were prepared with different concentrations of catechin and chitosan, and various properties were analyzed using techniques such as FT-IR, water contact angle analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was observed that as the chitosan concentration increased, the release of catechin slowed down or almost ceased. A patch manufactured with 1.5 mg/cm2 of catechin at a 1 % chitosan concentration exhibited a high initial release rate over 24 h and demonstrated cellular biocompatibility. Consequently, these patches, with tailored release characteristics based on the concentrations of chitosan and catechin, hold promise for use as drug delivery systems in wound healing applications.

This study aims to prepare a colloidal silica-containing powder to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of rivaroxaban using a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). We investigate the impact of colloidal silica on a nanoemulsion system for preparing powdered SNEDDS. The liquid SNEDDS comprises 30/20/50 (w/w/w) Peceol/ Cremophor RH40/Tween 80, which results in the formation of the smallest droplets. Three powdered SNEDDS formulations are prepared by suspending the liquid SNEDDS formulation using colloidal silica and spray drying. The powdered SNEDDS prepared with liquid SNEDDS and colloidal silica at a ratio of 1/0.5 (w/w) exhibits the highest water solubility (0.94 ± 0.62 vs. 26.70 ± 1.81 μg/mL) and dissolution rate (38.4 ± 3.6 vs. 85.5 ± 3.4%, 45 min) when compared to the drug alone. Morphologically, the liquid SNEDDS is adsorbed onto colloidal silica and forms smaller particles. In conclusion, an SNEDDS containing rivaroxaban, prepared using colloidal silica, facilitates the creation of a nanoemulsion and enhances the water solubility of rivaroxaban. Accordingly, this technology holds significant potential for commercialization.

본 연구의 목적은 국가치료기구를 설립해서 체계적인 모델의 틀을 만들어 사법권 제도 체제안과 지역사회에서 마약류 치료 서비스와 치료전달체계를 성공적으로 실시하여 마약류 남용자의 수를 감소시킨 영국사례를 고찰하여 한국에서 중점을 두고 있는 사법권 제도와 지역사회 안에서의 자발적인 치료 서비스와 사회복귀가 형식적인 시혜조치로 끝나는 것이 아니라 한국 실정에 맞는 실질적인 치료 서비스와 치료전달체계를 정립하는데 기여하고자 했다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 시사점을 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 마약류 남용을 처벌이 아닌 질병의 대상으로 인식 시키는 제도적인 기틀이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 실질적인 국가 정책을 수립하여 지역사회중심으로 마약류 남용치료 센터를 구축해야 한다. 마지막으로 치료적 서비스 내용 개발로 한국 실정에 맞는 치료 서비스 내용 및 전달 체계의 확립과 치료인력의 구축을 들 수 있다.

This study examined the biostability and drug delivery efficiency of g-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (GMNs) by cytotoxicity tests using various tumor cell lines and normal cell lines. The GMNs, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical coprecipitation technique, and coated with two surfactants to obtain a water-based product. The particle size of the GMNs loaded on hangamdan drugs (HGMNs) measured 20-50 nm in diameter. The characteristics of the particles were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-TEM) and Raman spectrometer. The Raman spectrum of the GMNs showed three broad bands at 274, 612 and 771 cm1. A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the GMNs were non-toxic against human brain cancer cells (SH-SY5Y, T98), human cervical cancer cells (Hela, Siha), human liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), colon cancer cells (CaCO2), human neural stem cells (F3), adult mencenchymal stem cells (B10), human kidney stem cells (HEK293 cell), human prostate cancer (Du 145, PC3) and normal human fibroblasts (HS 68) tested. However, HGMNs were cytotoxic at 69.99% against the DU145 prostate cancer cell, and at 34.37% in the Hela cell. These results indicate that the GMNs were biostable and the HGMNs served as effective drug delivery vehicles.

Functional cosmetics are intensively investigated for the effectiveness of skin whitening, anti-aging and slimming. For enhancing the effectiveness, active ingredients should be delivered into the cell in the dermis. The amounts of penetration of caffeine and Arbutin® were tested, in vitro, using Franz diffusion cell. Oil-in-water emulsions were used for the vehicles of the transport. For the measuring the amounts of active ingredients delivered into the dermal skin, tape stripping was done after finishing the penetration experiments. The amounts of delivered caffeine were 8.45± 1.26ug/ml before tape stripping and 3.45± 1.80ug/ml after tape stripping, however, the amounts of delivered Arbutin® was quite small to detect. From now on, proper vehicles are considered for enhancing the delivery of Arbutin® Hairless mouse skin was compared with pig skin as a transdermal delivery membrane. The aspects of delivery were similar, but the amount of delivered ingredients using pig skin was larger than that of using hairless mouse skin. Therefore, the pig skin would be considered as a membrane for drug delivery experiments.

생체 적합성이 우수한 히아루론산과 생분해성이 우수한 폴리 락타이드의 이량체를 결합하여 약물 방출 시스템에 적용할 수 있는 생체 재료를 제조하고자 하였다. 냉동 건조법을 이용하여 히아루론산과 락타이드를 가교제 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)로 가교시켰다. 생성된 막을 핵자기 공명 분광법으로 분석하여 락타이드 반응도와 EDC 반응도를 결정하였다. 히아루론산에 대한 락타이드 몰비, 가교제 농도가 증가할수록 혹은 가교 온도가 감소할수록, 락타이드 반응도가 증가하였으며 팽윤도는 감소하였다. 서로 다른 락타이드 반응도를 가진 막으로 약물 방출 실험을 수행한 결과 락타이드 반응도가 증가하면 약물 방출 속도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또 친수성이 다른 여러 가지 약물로 약물 방출 실험을 수행한 결과 친수성이 우수한 약물일수록 서서히 방출되었다.

본 연구에서는 입자 크기 뿐만 아니라 베지클 멤브레인의 변형도를 조절할 수 있는 에토좀을 통해 약물의 경피흡수능을 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 접근을 소개한다. 이를 위해 신규 육모효능성분인 Triaminodil을 포집한 에토좀을 제조하였고 입자 제조 후 추가적인 에너지를 가함으로써 입자의 크기를 조절하였다. 광산란법, 투과전자현미경, 멤브레인 변형도 측정 등을 통해 입자의 변형도가 입자 크기에 의존하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 in vitro 피부흡수시험과 전임상 성장기 유도평가를 통해 베지클 멤브레인의 변형도가 Triaminodil의 피부 전달효능에 크게 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 담지 된 약물의 전달효능을 극대화 시킬 수 있는 최적 크기의 전달체 영역이 존재함을 확인하였고 이는 입자의 크기와 멤브레인 특성에 큰 영향을 받기 때문에 전달체를 설계하는데 있어 이 두 가지 요인을 고려해야 한다.