The challenge of incorporating photothermal conversion function into chitosan (CS) hybrid fibers lies in balancing functionality and mechanical properties. In this study, we successfully prepared a chitosan/graphene oxide/gelatin (CS/GA/GO) hybrid fiber using the wet spinning process, achieving improved mechanical properties and efficient photothermal conversion capabilities. When compared with pure CS fiber with a breaking strength of 1.07 cN/dtex, the breaking strength of the CS/ GA composite fiber increased by 46.73%, while the CS/GA/GO hybrid fiber showed an even greater increase of 85.98%. In addition, the introduction of gelatin (GA) led to secondary scattering of near-infrared light, enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency. As a result, the CS/GA/GO hybrid fiber exhibited a faster temperature rise rate and higher maximum temperatures (94.3 °C, 103.0 °C, and 111.3 °C) as compared to the CS/GO hybrid fiber. The successful incorporation of GA not only improved the mechanical properties but also enhanced the photothermal performance of the hybrid fiber.

Hybrid nanocomposites of aluminium (NHAMMCs) made from AA5052 are fabricated via stir casting route by reinforcing 12 wt% Si3N4 and 0.5 wt% of graphene for usage in aeronautical and automotive applications due to the lower density and higher strength to weight proportion. The wear characteristics of the NHAMMCs are evaluated for different axial load, rotational speed, sliding distance and sliding time based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Orowan strengthening mechanism is identified from optical image which improves the strength of the composite. Outcomes show that with higher axial load and rotational speed, there is substantial increase in wear loss whereas with increased sliding distance and sliding time there is no considerable increase in wear loss due to the lubricating nature of the reinforced graphene particles since it has higher surface area to volume ratio. Besides, artificial intelligence approach of neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) model is developed to predict the output responses and the results are compared with the regression model predictions. Prediction from ANFIS outplays the regression model prediction.

One of the promising supercapacitors for next-generation energy storage is zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors. For the anode materials of the hybrid supercapacitors, three-dimensional (3D) graphene frameworks are promising electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors due to their intrinsic interconnectivity, excellent electrical conductivity, and high specific surface area. However, the traditional route by which 3D graphene frameworks are synthesized is energy- and time-intensive and difficult to apply on a large scale due to environmental risks. Here, we describe a simple, economical, and scalable method of fabricating grafoil (GF) directly into a graphite–graphene architecture. Both synthesizing of a porous structure and functionalization with interconnected graphene sheets can be simultaneously achieved using electrochemically modified graphite. The resultant graphite electrode provides a high capacitance of 140 mF/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2, 3.5 times higher than that of pristine grafoil, keeping 60.1% of its capacitance when the current density increases from 1 to 10 mA/cm2. Thus, the method to produce 3D graphene-based electrodes introduced in the current study is promising for the applications of energy storage devices.

In this research, carbon nanotubes(CNT) and graphene nanoplates(GnP) are deposited on the surface of carbon fibers(CF) at once. Investigating the effect between CNT and GnP on increasing the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites(CFRP). The cross section of the CFRP composites indicates that the GnPs/CNTs hybrid coating exhibits significantly higher mechanical performance in all coating samples. The interlayer shear strength of the GnPs/CNT hybrid coated CFRP composite was 90% higher than that of the uncoated CF composite. The flexural and tensile strength of CFRP composites using GnPs /CNT hybrid coatings were improved by 52% and 70%, respectively, compared to uncoated CF.

Polyaniline–graphene quantum dots (PANI–GQDs) are considered as an important candidate for applications in photovoltaic cells. In this work, GQDs were prepared using sono-Fenton reagent from reduced graphene oxide (rGO). PANI–GQD hybrid was also synthesized using the chemical in situ polymerization method. The synthesized materials were characterized using UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, current–voltage (I–V) characteristic, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Dynamic light scattering was also used to estimate the lateral size of GQDs. The enhanced visible-light absorbance in the hybrid was confirmed by UV–Vis analysis and the decrease in intensity around 3461 cm−1 in FT-IR spectra was due to the interaction between functional groups of PANI with GQDs. This led to improved thermal stability and conductivity as observed from TGA and I–V analysis, respectively. Moreover, the Raman spectrum for PANI–GQDs showed a decrease in the peak at ~ 1348 and ~ 1572 cm−1 as compared to PANI and GQDs. Similarly, from the XRD profile of PANI–GQDs, a shift in peak was observed due to an alteration in the microstructure. A sandwich device with cell structure glass/ITO/PANI–GQDs/Al was fabricated and its application was tested. Current density–voltage (J–V) curve of the device was measured with a Keithley SMU 2400 unit under an illumination intensity of 100 Wm−2 simulating the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. The hybrid exhibited photovoltaic properties, and 0.857% efficiency was observed in response to the applied voltage. This work suggests that PANI can be used as an alternative material for photovoltaic cells.

Hybrid graphene/h-BN model is studied via molecular dynamics simulation to observe the evolution of graphene layer upon heating. Model containing 20,064 atoms is heated up from 50 to 8000 K via Tersoff and Lennard–Jones potentials. Various thermodynamic quantities, structural characteristics, and the occurrence of liquid-like atoms are studied. The Lindemann criterion for 2D case is calculated and used to observe the appearance of liquid-like atoms. The atomic mechanism of structural evolution upon heating is analyzed on the basis of the occurrence/growth of liquid-like atoms, the formation of clusters, the coordination number, and the ring statistics. The liquid-like atoms tend to form clusters and the largest cluster increases slightly in order to form a single largest cluster of liquid-like atoms. The other models such as free-standing graphene, zigzag GNR, and armchair GNR are also presented to have an entire picture about the evolution of graphene upon heating in different models. Note that the largest clusters of free-standing graphene as well as zigzag GNR, and armchair GNR tend to decrease to form a ring-like 2D liquid carbon.

To improve photocatalytic efficiency, graphene/Ag/TiO2 nanotube catalyst was synthesized, and its surface characteristics and photocatalytic activity investigated. For deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the TiO2 nanotubes, a polymer compound containing CH3COOAg/poly(Llactide) was utilized, and the silver particles were precipitated by reducing the silver ions during the annealing process. Graphene deposition on the Ag/TiO2 nanotubes was achieved using an electrophoretic deposition process. Based on the dye degradation results, it was determined that the photocatalytic efficiency was significantly affected by deposition of silver particles and graphene on the TiO2 catalyst. Highly efficient destruction of the dye was obtained with the new graphene/Ag/TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst. This may be attributed to a synergistic effect of the graphene and Ag nanoparticles on the TiO2 nanotubes.

본 연구는 microfiltration (MF) 적용을 위한 PVdF/GO 하이브리드 나노섬유막(FG) 제조에 관한 것이다. 지지체인 PVdF (polyvinylidene difluoride) 나노섬유막은 N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc)와 아세톤에 PVdF를 녹여 방사용액 제조 후 전기방사법을 이용하여 제조하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 GO (grapheme oxide) sheets는 Hummer’s 방법에 따라 제조되었으며, PVdF 나노섬유 지지체 위에 에탄올에 분산시킨 GO용액을 분사함으로써, 최종적으로 PVdF/GO 하이브리드 나노섬유막(FG)을 제조하였다. FG막은 SEM, Raman, 접촉각, 기공특성분석장치(Porometer), 만능인장시험기(UTM)를 사용하여 조사하였고, 수투과도 분석은 제작된 셀(Dead-End Cell)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 접촉각 측정 결과로부터 제조된 FG막의 표면이 친수성으로 개질되었음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 수투과도값은 PVdF막에 비해 약 2.5배 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 뛰어난 전도도와 물리적 강도를 가지는 그라핀의 고른 분산성을 얻기 위하여 두 가지 다른 방법으로 그라핀을 개질시켰다. 그리고 SPAES/그라핀 복합막은 각기 다른 함량을 첨가하여 제조되었으며 그라핀의 제조방법과 첨가된 그라핀의 함량에 따른 성능을 비교하였다. 복합막의 모폴로지는 SEM을 이용하여 관찰하였으며 개질된 그라핀의 화학적 구조는 FT-IR과 TGA를 사용하여 분석되었다. 그라핀의 함량변화가 0.5~3.0 wt% 일 때 복합막의 이온전도도와 메탄올 투과도를 측정하였으며 80℃, 100% 가습상태에서 SPAES/그라핀 복합막의 이온전도도(0.216 S/cm)는 순수한 SPAES 전해질 막보다 높은 이온전도도(0.098 S/cm)를 나타내었으며 그라핀의 함량이 1.5 wt%까지 증가될 때 메탄올 투과도는 감소되었다.