본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생을 대상으로 스트레스대처와 감사성향이 대인관계능력에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 연구대상자는 D시에 소재한 일개 간호대학 재학 중인 127명의 학생이다. 자료수집 기 간은 2023년 7월 1일부터 7월 31일까지였으며, 온라인 자기보고식 설문 지를 이용하여 자료를 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 26.0 프로 그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 독립표본 t검정, 일원분류 분산분석, 피어슨 의 상관관계, 다중 회귀로 분석하였다. 연구결과 대인관계능력에 미치는 영향 요인은 감사성향, 스트레스대처와 전공만족도 순이었으며, 이들 변 수의 설명력은 41.0%였다. 따라서 간호대학생의 대인관계능력을 향상시 키기 위해서는 감사성향, 스트레스대처 능력을 향상시킬수 있는 전략과 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

이 연구는 저소득층 부모의 감사증진 프로그램 참여와 변화 경험에 대해 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 경기도 S시에서 저소득층 부모들을 대상으로 실시하는 부모교육인 감사증진 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 부모 10명을 대상으로 참여관찰과 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 감사증진 프로그램은 총 10회기로 구성되어 있으며, 매주 금요일 저녁에 실시되었고, 매일 온라인 감사일지 작성이 병행되었다. 2015년부터 3년째 꾸준히 참여하고 있는 부모들을 대상으로 그들의 프로그램 참여 경험과 변화에 대해 살펴보았으며, 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 참가자들은 대인관계에서 변화를 경험하였다. 대체로 주변 사람들과의 관계가 수용적으로 변화하였고, 배우자와의 관계에서는 상대방의 입장에 대해 공감하고 배려하는 양상을 보였다. 자녀와의 관계에서도 강압적이거나 일방적인 소통방식을 개선하고자 하였으며 자녀의 의견을 존중하게 되었다. 다음으로, 참가자들은 자신과 삶에 대한 인식에 변화를 경험하고 있었다. 기존에는 환경적 어려움으로 위축되어 자신감이 결여되고, 분노나 우울 등 부정적 정서를 느끼고 있었지만 프로그램 참여과정에서 자신의 역할에 대해 감사함을 느끼며, 자존감과 자신감을 얻고 있었다. 그리고 기존에는 사안에 대해 부정적인 생각을 먼저 하였다면, 프로그램 참가과정에서 어려움 속에서도 긍정적인 측면을 보게 되거나, 문제 해결 방안을 모색하는 등 긍정성을 향상시키고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 감사증진 프로그램 참여 의의를 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 후속 연구를 위하여 본 연구의 한계를 제시하였다.

This paper examines the impact of thanks from the sellers on consumer satisfaction in the tourism industry. Study 1 shows that thanks from the sellers (vs. no thank from the sellers) will decrease consumer satisfaction. In this process, perceived fairness and perceived value play a serial mediation role. Study 2 shows that the pricing type (the fixed price vs. the flexible price) plays a moderate role on the impact of thanks from the sellers at the end of a transaction on consumer satisfaction. This paper introduces transaction utility theory and culture difference to explain the seemingly inconsistent phenomenon. Introduction The present studies focus on retailers expressing gratitude and, especially, how the communication of retailer expressing gratitude or not affects consumer satisfaction under the tourism purchase environment. Image that you encounter a seller is selling the souvenirs in the tourist spot you just visit, you would like to buy one of the souvenirs, such as a special cup with the souvenirs logo, you conclude a deal with the seller eventually, after that, the seller thanks for your purchasing and you leave. One question arises, will consumers feel less satisfaction when sellers say nothing than when they say “Thank you” at the end of a transaction? Theoretical Background Thanking is one of the speech acts or communicative acts frequently and abundantly utilized in human interactions, even though, most of these studies have focused on a western perspective, little is known about the experience of tourists from Asia. In western countries, people are accustomed to saying "thank you" after the benefit of others. Some behavioral responses may resemble the expression of gratitude (e.g., saying thank you to a waiter in a restaurant), but may instead be an automatic polite response not grounded in emotion (Buck 2004; Emmons and McCullough 2003; Fazalehasan et al 2017). However, in Somali and China culture, people are not used to expressing thanks, which makes many Americans or Australian feel rude or impolite (Chiu and Hong 2013; Robertson 2014). Here we test the prediction that gratitude from retailers may affect consumer satisfaction in a potentially counterintuitive manner. In other words, we hypothesize that gratitude from the retailer may lead to lower consumer satisfaction. This prediction draws from both the existing literature on gratitude as well as from research on culture difference and transaction utility theory from the response to gratitude. Research Design Two experiments have been conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1 will provide support for the three central hypotheses regarding perceived fairness inference (hypothesis 1), perceived value inferences (hypothesis 2), and consumer satisfaction (hypothesis 3). Study 2 will test an important boundary condition. This study shows that the proposed negative effect of saying thank you (vs. saying nothing) holds only if the price of product is fixed. Result and Conclusion In the study 1, we found that sellers saying thank you after the transaction leads to less consumer satisfaction. Therefore, an important contribution of our work emerges from our melding of the literature on perceived fairness and value and demonstrating that gratitude from the sellers dictates which literature is more applicable in relationship marketing. Furthermore, we also examined the mechanism in study 2 and explore a boundary condition. We discovered that when the price of a souvenir is fixed, consumers feel more satisfaction when sellers say nothing than when they say “Thank you” at the end of a transaction. Conversely, when the price of a souvenir is not fixed, which is to say when consumers can bargain in the store, consumers feel less satisfaction when sellers say nothing than when they say “Thank you” after the transaction

Kim Jeong-yeon. 2012. Intimacy and Gender in Expressing Gratitude in L2. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). pp. 115-147. This study examines how Korean learners of English perform the speech act of ‘gratitude’ according to the variables of intimacy and gender. In a contrastive analytic framework, their behaviors are cross-examined against Korean native and English native speakers in terms of their choice of strategies and uses of politeness markers. The data have been obtained from 43 Americans and 91 Koreans assigned to three groups: English native speakers, Korean learners of English, and Korean native speakers. A discourse completion test and a subsequent interview revealed Korean learners of English showed a similar pattern as Korean native speakers in the uses of politeness markers to emphasize their thanking by intimacy levels. However, the way in which they deal with gender in English was divergent not only from American but also from Korean. They depended on the strategy of compliment while performing the speech act of gratitude, and were inclined to use negative politeness strategies, similar to the Korean language group. Korean EFL textbooks and classrooms, therefore, need to include not only more diverse contexts in which ‘gratitude’ is necessary, but also the ways in which the English speech act is performed in a culturally appropriate manner. (195 words) Keywords: gender, gratitude, intimacy, politeness, speech act

1).Thisstudy aimstoexaminethe use ofEnglish borrowed politeness markers ttaengkyu ‘thank you’and ssori‘sorry’inKoreans'everydayconversation.A closeexaminationofa sociolinguisticsurvey revealsthattheEnglish borrowingsttaengkyu and ssoriand their Korean counterparts are used differently in connection with therelation between speakersandsettings.They donotappearto havemuchdifferenceinmeaning.However,ttaengkyuandssorioccurin informalsettingsandareusedtojuniorsorinferiors,whiletheirKorean counterparts are used to seniors or superiors in formalsettings.As motivations for using ttaengkyu and ssori,modernization and English educationinKoreaareconsidered

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of stage of exercise behavior change and physical self-efficacy, gratitude, psychological well-being for young children’s parents. Methods: Using cluster sampling was adopted by the study participants who are 340 young children’s parents of kindergarten located in the P city. Frequence analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and structural equating model were conducted for this study. Results: First, the results of analysis of the physical self-efficacy, gratitude, psychological well-being according to stage of exercise change, showed a significant difference in the physical self-efficacy and gratitude, psychological well-being in only a sub-factors, self-acceptance and environmental mastery, there were significant differences. Second, the results of analysis causal relationship of the physical self-efficacy, gratitude and psychological well-being, physical self-efficacy to gratitude, gratitude to psychological well-bing, physical self-efficacy to psychological well-being affected all positively to each variables. And gratitude partially mediated the relationship of physical self-efficacy and psychological well-being. Conclusion: It is better for Physical Self-Efficacy, Gratitude, Psychological Well-being to be exercise more and these variables are related to each others positively.