Damage to gas and fire protection piping systems can lead to secondary disasters after an earthquake, so their seismic design is crucial. Accordingly, various types of seismic restraint installations are being devised, and a new suspended piping trapeze restraint installation has also recently been developed in Korea. In this study, a cyclic loading test was performed on the developed trapeze support system, and its performance was evaluated according to ASHRAE 171, the standard for seismic and wind restraint design established by the American Society of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The three support system specimens did not break or fracture, causing only insignificant deformations until the end of the experiment. Based on the experimentally rated strength and displacement performance, this trapeze support system is expected to control the seismic movement of piping during an earthquake.

인류는 석유 및 가스 자원의 확보를 위하여 전 세계 해역에 해양플랜트 구조물을 설치해 왔다. 하지만 이들의 수명은 약 30년으로 약 30%의 해양플랜트 구조물들이 수명을 다한 채 전 세계해역에 폐기물로 방치되어 있다. 이미 오랫동안 선진국을 중심으로 노후화된 해양플랜트 구조물의 철거 또는 재활용방안에 대해 논의해 왔으며, 미국 및 유럽에서는 인공어초 재활용 방법을 이용하여 해양플랜트 구조물을 해체하고 있다. 현재 해양플랜트 해체시장은 2020년에서 2025년까지 약 5% 이상의 연평균 복합 성장률로 증가할 것으로 예상하며, 그중 가장 빠르게 성장하고 있는 중국의 해양플랜트 해체시장은 2027년까지 약 16억 달러까지 성장할 것으로 예측하고 있다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 본 논문은 해양플랜트 구조물 해체에 관한 국제법제 현황 및 문제점에 대해 알아보고, 나아가 현재 해양플랜트 해체산업을 중점적으로 육성하고자 하는 중국의 국내 법제를 검토하고자 한다.

This study analyzed the evacuation time in indoor stadiums when exits that automatically open/close when the fire sensor is triggered are installed as a means to improve the problem of closing certain exits. Firstly, when spectators on the 2nd floor stands exit through the 1st floor exits, the RSET of all inhabitants was 529.8 seconds when the automatic opening/closing exits are broken and employees are not present. Secondly, when spectators on the 2nd floor stands exit through the 1st floor exits, the RSET of all inhabitants was 445 seconds when the automatic opening/closing exits with 750mm width are working but employees are not present. Lastly, when spectators on the 2nd floor stands exit through the 1st floor exits, the RSET of all spectators was 337 seconds when the automatic opening/closing exits with 1,500mm width are working and employees are present. As a result, it was revealed that the evacuation time is shortened when the automatic opening/closing exits are working. Additional comparative studies with actual simulations of people evacuating an indoor stadium and firefighting simulations considering smoke flow are necessary.

This research investigates the effects of trench installation methods with expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam on the behavior of buried corrugated steel arch structure. A universal finite element analysis program, ABAQUS, was used to model and analyze the structure. For this study, the S275 corrugated steel with a profile of 152x51mm and the arch has fixed boundary condition. The structure was analyzed for three different configurations, namely; without EPS geofoam, imperfect trench installation (ITI), and embedded trench installation (ETI). ITI and ETI cases were further divided depending on the width and height of EPS geofoam. The width of EPS geofoam varies from the span of the arch up to a 30% increase of the span of the arch while its height varies from the rise of the arch upto 100% increase of the rise of the arch. The results from the finite element analysis revealed that the ETI reduced the wall stresses by at least 53.95%. It is recommended to conduct further study regarding ETI to validate the results and to further improved the design criteria of buried corrugated steel arch as it is expected to bring about cost reduction and stability for buried structures.

Pavilions, follies, and installations provide a place with a new experience beyond that of simple garden architecture. From this point of view, this study tried to analyze the constructs in the Glass House site, which Philip Johnson has built for 50 years. After Chapter 1 Introduction, which summarized the background of the study, Chapter 2 investigated the design background of the landscape and the types of the constructs there. It also, studying literature on pavilions, follies, and installations, defined the basic meanings of them. Chapter 3 identified the features of each construct through the case studies of it, analyzing Johnson’s intentions on it. These features are such as the applications of classical follies, the quotations of architectural history, fusion with art, architectural experiments, and the monuments of personal history. In conclusion, this study, finding the site specificity as a common feature of pavilions, follies, and installations, referred to two aspects of this, which are not only physical placeness but also cultural media.

This thesis is on installations of Barbara Kruger(1945~). Kruger has made viewers experience the work and grasp the meaning themselves by using images and texts. The artist doesn’t provide the meaning she thinks to viewers and make them accept her intention. Instead, she provides viewers with the work as the passage they realize the meaning of the work by. Those efforts of Kruger are maximized in the installations, which has been made since 1989. The installations where the images and texts were expanded to the floors the viewers stood and the walls and ceilings surrounding them stimulate the perceptions of the audience more aggressively than the plane works in 1970s and 1980s did. In the late 1970s, Kruger observed nearby buildings closely and made the work arranging the picture of building and the story which might have happened in it. Her interest in architecture which she thinks dominates and control one’s personal life gets connected to the idea of the subject leading a passive life in unequal power structure which is not so easy to perceive. In 1980’s Kruger criticized the social structure overflowing with visual images and informations indiscriminately by mass media. Also, she completed her style which combined the image and text at one place in 1980’s. The images in black-and-white and the texts in white and red became Kruger’s trademark. Based on such careers, Kruger produced installations in 1989 where images and texts were expanded to the three-dimensional space. Although Kruger has made installations with images and texts, there are some changes such as a large scale, using video and sound. Like the advertisement, the past work form which caught the people’s eyes in a moment was transformed into the large scale in order for viewers to encounter the work with their whole body rather than just see in front of their eyes. Through installations, kruger has intended to recover the subjectivity of consciousness of audience, which she believes has been controlled by mass media culture. This study considered this by using Guy Debord’s spectacle, who had referred to the society of spectacle where the essence, reality were less important than the imitation, illusion and the independent subject was alienated. Installations is site-specific in a way that its size, composition and the contents of images and texts depend on locational characteristics. As turning their heads, walking and moving around, the viewers get immersed in the work which Kruger made with images, texts and video using provided space. Kruger’s installation work becomes a place for experience, attracting the physical participation of audience and then the immediacy of experience is strengthened by her direct address. Through the personal pronoun, the interrogative and the dialogic sentence, Kruger encourages viewers to set their positions in the work. Accordingly viewers can make their own meaning of work, keeping their distance from it. In this way, Kruger made viewers absorb in the work and keep distance from it while she divided the space into the physical place and the place for them. Then the viewers can overcome the passive attitude prevalent in the spectacle society and be the independent subject after a creative process such as experiencing Kruger’s work themselves and making their own meaning.

This paper aims to examine the constructional background and process of the Japanese military installations of Jisim-do, especially based on the military secret documents. Furthermore, it aims to analyze the characteristics of the remains. First, the study looked into the procedure of forcible occupation by Japan, involving the background of the designation and forcible accommodation of military reservations, and forced eviction by the purchase of land. Second, the study identified the background of construction, purpose, and construction period of each battery built throughout the ‘Fort maintenance period’ according to changes in international situations. Third, it is the 'Chukseongbu' that supervised the construction of fortresses. Fourth, the study considered a series of arrangement processes in which Jisim-do became a fortresses through『Yukgunsungdae-ilgi』, a military operations report for the Japanese army. Through this, it discovered a clear construction process, construction details, and the supply for Jisim-do. The study was also able to reveal the meticulousness in constructing firm facilities more promptly from the ‘design tactics’.