지구온난화에 따른 기후변화는 전 세계가 경험하고 있는 주요한 환경문제이다. 대한민국도 기후변화에 적응하기 위해 중앙정부와 광역지방자치단체 수준에서 적응계획을 수립하고 있다. 하지만, 지자체별 기후변화 적응계획의 이행과정을 실질적으로 모니터링하고 평가하는 표준화된 체계가 아직까지 갖추어지지 않았다. 이 연구의 목적은 16개 광역지자체(세종특별자치시 제외)별 기후변화 적응지표를 구축하고 그에 따른 평가지수를 분석하는데 있다. 기후변화 적응역량을 측정할 8대 부문(건강, 농업, 산림, 물관리, 생태계, 해양수산업, 재난/재해, 적응기반대책)의 113개 변수를 지표로 선정하였고, 범주척도 기법을 활용하여 광역지자체별 기후변화 적응역량을 평가하는 지수를 도출하였다. 기후변화 적응역량이 높은 지자체는 지속적인 계획의 이행이 요구되며, 상대적으로 낮은 지자체는 상위 지자체의 수준에 도달하려는 노력을 경주해야 할 것이다. 이 연구에서 도출된 지표와 지수는 향후 광역지자체 수준에서의 기후변화 적응대책에 대한 세부시행계획을 평가하고 지속가능하게 모니터링하는 척도가 될 것이다.

Climate change is considered as a major threat for agricultural production in Vietnam, particularly for coffee production, one of the most important agricultural sectors of the country. To effectively cope with the negative impacts of climate change on coffee production, the ways of understanding and also adequate responses by farmers on the climate change are very important. This paper aims to provide empirical insights into the farmers’ perception of climate change and their adaptation practices to its impacts on coffee production. The results from the questionnaire survey of 151 smallholder coffee farmers in Dak Nong province reveal the fact that the farmers understood the progress and impact of climate change through their observation into their surrounding areas. Coffee growers’ observation about the climate variability is remarkably consistent with the statistical data from the meteorological authority. However, this research revealed that their capacity to cope with climate change was relatively limited, mostly based on their own resources. This research suggests that more studies are required to examine the application of environmentally sustainable approaches to cope with climate changes.

This study tries to reveal abnormal trends in climate change from 60 stations in Korea during 1981-2010 by comparisons to the standard station, Chupungnyeong station. Trends in climate change from station with the abnormalities, and their implication and causes are also discussed. Although Wando, Wonju, Mungyeong and Mokpo stations show the most abnormalities, normal trends in climate change from some climate data are also found from Mokpo station. On the other hand, some climate data from Suwon, Jeonju, Jinju, Icheon and Geumsan stations indicate the most normalities. It should be noted that variabilities of climate data are largely different, indicating that clear trends in climate change may not be extracted. The fact that some stations with the abnormalities from some climate data also show the normalities should be also noted. This study suggests that most stations with the most abnormalities may be relevant to relocation of station.

This study analyzes relationship between land cover change and local climate data of 46 weather stations in South Korea from the 1980s to 2000s. The used area shows proportional relationships to mean daily min. temperature and mean temperature, and a reverse relationship is found between the used area and relative humidity. However, the forest indicates reverse relationships to mean daily min. temperature and mean temperature. The agricultural land causes to increase in relative humidity and decrease in mean wind speed, while the water increases mean daily min. temperature, daily min. temperature and mean temperature as well as mean wind speed. The urbanization type (used area + barren) shows high correlations with temperature and humidity. The suburbanization type (agricultural land + forest + grass + wetland) has high correlations with temperature and wind speed. High correlations are also found between the waterfront type (wetland + water), and temperature and wind speed. It can be concluded that change in land cover around weather station obviously influences on climate data of the weather station and it is also expected that reliability and homogeneity of climate data from a weather station can be enhanced by this study.

The necessity of climate change adaptation has steadily increased due to the increasing meteorological disasters. The authority supports the vulnerability assessment tools for tuning the local governments’ countermeasure. However, the results by the vulnerability assessment tools have not been clear enough. The current study aims to collect and analyse a variety of raw data for proving the unclear assessments. The paper identifies climate change-vulnerable areas by overlapping the modified results and pervious results. The climate change-vulnerable areas included the regions having high impacts on meteorological disasters. In a nutshell, the paper contributes to the identification of the vulnerable areas for the local government’s planning the provision against climate change. The local governments are obliged to establish the climate change action plan by 2015. The results of the current paper would help providing reliable data and planning the countermeasure against climate change. Korea is exposed to the climate change vulnerability such as increasing elderly population, high density of urban areas. In order to respond the climate change vulnerability efficiently, this study potentially suggests a primary research method for resolving the climate change vulnerability.

본 연구는 지자체 기후변화 적응대책 수립을 위한 취약성 평가 체계를 소개하고 지자체의 분야별 주요 취약성을 분석하였다. 우리나라는 2010년 ‘저탄소 녹색성장 기본법’의 시행에 따라 국가, 중앙부처 및 광역지자체의 ‘기후변화 적응 세부시행계획’ 수립이 완료되었으며(’12.6), 기초지자체의 적응 세부시행계획 수립을 통해 지역기반 적응을 도모하고 있다. 지자체의 효과적인 적응계획 수립은 지역내 의사결정 과정에서 주요 취약계층, 취약분야, 취약지역의 현황 파악과 기후변화에 따른 자연생태적, 사회경제적 영향과 취약성 결정인자를 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 환경부는 기초단위까지 원활한 계획수립과 지자체 적응대책과 중앙대책간 연계성 확보를 위해, 지표기반 분야별 취약성 평가 결과를 제공하여 지자체의 주요 취약성을 스크리닝하고(하향식), 자료와 도구, 교육·훈련 등의 지원을 통해 지역 현황에 기초한 적응계획수립(상향식)을 도모하고 있다. 시범 기초지자체(19개 시군)들의 지자체 담당자 및 전문가들의 주요 관심분야 순위 조사 결과는 재난/재해, 건강, 농업, 수자원 분야 순으로 나타났다. 관계부처는 이러한 지역요구와 피해현황을 고려하여 자료 구축과 정보 제공이 우선되어야 하며, 분야별 주요 관심 항목에 대한 기상·기후정보 생산과 공급체계 마련이 요구된다. 끝으로 기초지자체 현실 반영과 중앙대책 연계를 도모를 위해서는 기초지자체 여건을 고려하여 기존 국가와 광역지자체 계획수립 방법론 단순 적용 보다는 하향식, 장기적, 정량적 관점의 계획수립 방법론과 상향식, 중단기적, 정성적 관점의 평가방법론의 조화로운 연계 도모가 필요하다.

Through numerical experiment using simplified OSU-ID PBL(Oregon State University One-Dimensional Planetary Boundary Layer) model and field measurement, we studied the impacts of vegetation canopy on heat island that was one of the characteristics of local climate in urban area. It was found that if the fraction of vegetation was extended by 10 percent, the maximum air temperature and the maximum ground temperature can come down about 0.9℃, 2.3℃, respectively. Even though the field measurement was done under a little unstable atmospheric condition, the canopy air temperature was lower in the daytime, and higher at night than the air and ground temperature. This result suggests that the extention of vegetation canopy can bring about more pleasant local climate by causing the oasis, the shade and the blanket effect.