Beta-catenin (CTNNB1, catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1) is involved in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and progression of metastasis. CTNNB1, as a multifunctional and oncogenic protein, has important roles in adhesion between Sertoli cells through an N-cadherin-dependent manner and in various cancer types through its over-activation. In addition, CTNNB1 can interact with estrogen/estrogen receptor alpha complex, which regulates the transcription of WNT (wingless-type MMTV integration site family)/CT-NNB1 target genes. Recently, we investigated the functional roles and expression pattern of CTNNB1 during the morphological changes of embryonic gonads of chickens and the estrogen-dependent regulation of CTNNB1 in oviduct development and potential functions as a biomarker of CTNNB1 in human epithelial ovarian cancer using the chicken as a biological research model. Therefore, in this review, we provide a new insight of potential role of CTNNB1 in the development of the female reproductive tract during early embryogenesis and ovarian carcinogenesis of laying hen models.
Our previous study showed that transgenic (TG) pigs harboring human EPO (hEPO) gene have been shown to have reproductive disorders, including low pregnancy rates, irregular estrus cycle and low little size. To investigate these reasons, we assessed estrus behavior (standing response) and plasma 17B-estradiol (E2) level, which partly reflect reproductive function, during the estrus cycles after synchronization and superovulation by hormone treatments. Then, we analysed blood composition and expression of hEPO gene in TG pigs. Pigs were injected with PG600. After 10 days, pigs were fed with Regumate porcine for 6 days. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein. Analysis of blood composition and E2 level were measured by Hemavet 950 and E2 ELISA kit, respectively. And, the expression of hEPO gene in reproductive organs was quantitated by real-time RT-PCR. The percentage of estrus behavior in TG was significantly decreased. Hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) number were significantly higher in TG than wild type (WT). On the other hand, high expression of hEPO gene in TG was observed in the mammary gland as well as in the uterus. Moreover, plasma E2 level was significantly higher in TG than WT. These results suggest that nonspecific expression of hEPO gene in the other organs of TG may affect blood composition and plasma E2 level, thereby causing reproductive disorders.
본 실험은 한우 종빈우의 임신말기에 Se과 Vit. E 투여가 종빈우의 번식기능에 미치는 요인과 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육능력을 조사하였다. 1 분만 1개월전 Se과 Vit. E을 투여한 구에서 송아지의 발육성적을 조사한 결과, 생시체중은 각각 23.33, 24.00, 24.00, 24.50, 24.00 및 25.60㎏으로서 처리구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 성적을 나타냈다. 또한 이유시 체중과 일당증체량도 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 성적을 나타냈으며, 이유시 일령은 투여구가 대조구보다 이유시 일령이 다소 적었으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 2. 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 분만 후 초발정과 인공수정 휫수는 투여구가 대조구보다 초발정이 빨리 도래하였고, 수태당 인공수정 휫수도 적었으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 3. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2개월전에 4회 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 생시체중, 이유시 체중 및 일당증체량은 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈으며, 이유시 일령은 투여구가 대조구보다 이유시 일령이 짧았으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 4. 한우 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 분만 후 초발정은 유의적인 차이는 없었으며(P> 0.05), 수태 당 인공수정 횟수는 각각 2.00, 1.63, 1.25, 1.50, 1.33 및 1.46회로서 투여구가 대조구보다 인공수정 횟수가 적었으나 처리구간 커다란 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).
Background & Objectives : Nonylphenol (NP), a member of alkylphenols, has been widely used in manufacturing antioxidants, The present study was undertaken to examine whether short-term exposure to NP can alter the onset of puberty and associated reproductive parameters such as hormone receptor expressions in prepubertal female rats. Methods : NP (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg BW) was administered orally at 10:00 from postnatal day 25 (PND 25) through the PND 35. The control group was administered orally each day 200 uL of the sesame oil. At PND 36, all groups were sacrificed at 18:00. The first vaginal opening (V.O.) day was monitored, and the weights of reproductive tissues were measured. Ovaries and uteri were used for analysis of mRNA levels, protein levels and histology. The transcriptional activities of the ovaries (StAR, P405scc, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, Aromatase and LH-R) and uteri(ER) were measured using quantitative RT-PCRs. The uterine proteins were used for the ER western blotting. Histological analysis of the reproductive organs was carried out. Results: Administration of NP induced early V.O. when compared to control. The ovarian weights of 1 mg group (0.164±0.010 mg/g BW) was significantly higher than those of control group (0.116±0.007 mg/g BW). Among the steroidogenesis-related genes, mRNA levels of the ovarian P450scc, 3β-HSD and Aromatase are increased significantly in all NP-treated groups. The mRNA levels of StAR and 17β- HSD were unchanged. NP administration (1 mg group) significantly increased the LH-R transcript level. Among the steroid hormone receptor genes, the mRNA level of ER-alpha was significantly elevated in 1mg NP group, while the mRNA levels of ER-beta and PR were unchanged in all NP-treated groups. Interestingly, wetern blotting data for uterine steroid hormone receptors revealed the complete disagreement with the transcriptional activities. Histological status of ovaries and uteri also exerted the occureence of advanced maturation in NP-treated groups. Conclusion: The present study demonstartes that the short-term administration of NP accelerates V.O. and maturation of reproductive organs such as ovary and uterus.
This study investigated structure and function of the reproductive system in Aplysia kurodai by means of anatomical, histological, and histochemical observation. Reproductive system of this species is consisted of ovotestis, small hermaphroditic duct, ampulla, accessory genital mass and large hermaphroditic duct. The ovotestis is composed of a large number of follicles, and both oocytes and spermatocytes matured in the same follicle. The small hermaphroditic duct is a single tube and contains a swelling, the ampulla, which functions as a storage organ for endogenous sperm and an oviduct. The accessory genital mass is connected to both the small and large hermaphroditic duct, and consisted of three glands: albumen, membrane (winding) and mucus gland. The albumen gland is consisted of granular cells producing basophilic and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The membrane and mucus gland are consisted of granular cells producing acidophilc and sulfated mucopolysaccharides. The large hermaphroditic duct is a single tubular gonoduct linking the accessory genital mass to the common genital aperture but is consisted of two parallel compartments. Internally, these two compartments are incompletely divided by internal septum or fold, which are called as the red hemiduct and white hemiduct, respectively. The red hemiduct functions as an oviduct and the white hemiduct functions as a copulatory duct. The reproductive system of A. kurodai is externally comprised a single tube, i.e., monaulic type. However, internal structure of duct is incompletely divided into oviduct and copulatory duct, i.e., the oodiaulic type.
시상하부-뇌하수체-생식소(hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad, HPG) 호르몬 축의 활성에 영향을 미치는 수많은 인자들은 생식 기능을 조절하고, 사춘기 개시와 폐경기 진입과 같은 뚜렷한 생식 능력의 단계 전이를 초래한다. 지방세포로부터 분비되는 다기능적 호르몬인 leptin의 발견 이후, 곧 이어 생식과 신체의 에너지 균형 사이의 긴밀한 관계에 대한 증거들이 밝혀졌다. 위장관으로부터 분비되는 또 다른 다기능 호르몬인 ghrelin은 이미
골든 햄스터의 생식활동은 광주기(하루 중 조명 시간)에 의해 결정된다. 광주기는 일년 동안 예측할 수 있는 환경요인이다. 주간 길이가 야간 길이보다 긴 여름에 햄스터의 생식 활동은 왕성하다. 생식 기능을 유지시키는 조명 시간은 하루에 적어도 12.5시간이다. 송과선을 제거시키면 광주기의 정보가 억제되기 때문에, 광주기의 정보는 송과선을 통하여 중재된다. 송과선을 제거 당한 핼스터는 생식 활동이 유지되고, 생식소 기능을 억제하는 상황에서도 생식 기능을 촉