The flourishing trend of using multiple technology-based self-service channels (hereafter, SSCs) can be found across various service industries. So far, no studies have explored the effect of multichannel interaction on breadth consumer relationship breadth (i.e., cross-buying intention). Based on brand extension theory and the cross-buying literature, this study proposed a conceptual model for understanding the key determinants of consumer cross-buying intention in the context of multiple SSCs. A total of 262 respondents who had experience with using both online and mobile banking were collected. The result revealed that perceived online banking quality (i.e., original SSC), image congruity, and value congruity facilitate consumer trust and satisfaction toward a mobile banking service (i.e., extension SSC). In addition, the trust and satisfaction toward mobile banking have a positive influence on crossbuying intention. The result of this study not only provides an academic contribution to the multichannel service and SSC literature but also provides suggestions for service providers who wish to develop their multiple-SSC strategies.

We present a high-performance polymeric membrane based on self-cross-linkable poly(glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly-(propylene glycol))-co-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PGP-POEM) graft copolymer for CO2/N2 separation. The self-cross-linked membranes can be easily prepared under mild conditions without any additional cross-linking agents or catalyst. We investigated the gas separation performance of the membranes as a function of POEM content in the copolymer. The self-cross-linked PGP-POEM membranes showed an improvement in both permeance and selectivity with increasing POEM content up to 51.2 wt %. The best performance of the membrane was achieved by optimizing membrane thickness, showing a CO2 permeance of 500 GPU (1 GPU = 10-6 cm3 (STP)/(s cm2 cmHg)) and CO2/N2 selectivity of 22.4.

Due to the increase in international trade, mass transportation, and information technology, the role of English as a global language has changed, and conventional EFL/ESL motivation needs paradigmatic reconstruction. This study compares Dörnyei’s (2009) recent proposal of a second language (L2) motivat-ional self-system with Gardner’s (1985) socio-educational model by investigating 2,832 Korean students’ English learning motivation from Grades 3 through 12 in 14 different schools. The cross-grade survey results indicated that Korean EFL learners’ motivational intensity showed a curvilinear pattern, which means their motivation consistently decreased until Grade 9 but increased from Grades 10 to 12. A series of regression analyses showed that Dörnyei’s L2 motivational self-system was a better predictor than Gardner’s socio-educational model in terms of the explanatory power for students’ English proficiency; students’ ideal L2 and ought-to L2 selves explained better than integrativeness and two types of instrumentality (i.e., promotion- and prevention-based). This confirms the findings of recent literature conducted in different nations. Also, the study provides empirical evidence that the ought-to L2 self, which is an external, social form of L2 motivation, functions only at the cognitive level, whereas the ideal L2 self, a more internalized form, taps into both the cognitive and affective levels.

A chi-square test was performed in terms of MBTI personality types and horticultural preferences, where the MBTI personality types were obtained from the predicted results from the typical expressions of the Korean Psychological Testing Institute’s self-speculation MBTI preference indicator. The analysis results were organized into two types: intuition type and sensing type. The results suggest that the intuition type preferred the herbs with fragrances, while the sensing type showed their preference towards flowering plants. Also, there were significant differences between the intuitive and sensing types with respect to ‘five senses that are the most stimulating in the horticultural process’, ‘plant characteristics’ and ‘interesting horticultural activities’, which imply that different types have different choices. In the comparison between thinking type and feeling type, the thinking type showed their interest in the overall shape of the plant, while the feeling type showed their first interest in the flowers of the plants. The result showed that thinking type and feeling type had a significant difference in terms of ‘degree of preferences in horticultural activities’, ‘initially interested plant tissues’, ‘five senses that are the most stimulating in the horticultural process’ and ‘effects of horticultural activities’. Regarding the judging type and perceiving type in their choices of plant characteristics, the judging type preferred flower plants, while perceiving type preferred herbs with fragrances. The results of self-speculation MBTI personality test showed significant differences according to the personality types, regarding the most interested plant tissue and plant characteristics, which leads to a difference in their choices.