In recent years, many Vietnamese and International researchers have been interested in two aspects of Vienamese variant Chinese charaters – International variants and national variants. International variant characters here are Chinese characters originating from China. National variant characters are Chinese characters created by each country under the Chinese cultural influence, such as Vietnam, Korea and Japan. In order to clarify the charateristics of Vienamese unique variant Chinese charaters (national variants), we analyzed two Buddhist texts: The first one is Chư phẩm kinh 諸品經 (there are 187 variant Chinese charaters correspond to 183 standard charaters with total number of appearance is 1,697); the second one is Thích thị bảo dỉnh hành trì bí chỉ toàn chương 釋氏寶鼎行持秘旨全章 (there are 56 variant Chinese characters correspond to 41 standard characters with total number of appearance is 243).

The origin and evolution of Chinese characters (hanzi, 漢字), the reasons for its stability and longevity, and its future are some core issues in the study of Chinese characters. We have proposed three research models to tackle these problems: (1). Taking advantage of the logographic nature of Chinese characters, we have used a mathematical model to show that the Chinese writing should have already existed no later than 2100 BCE. (2). We have adopted the “funnel model” of protein folding in biochemistry to illustrate the landscape at the beginning of Chinese writing and how it evolved into a stable writing system. (3). We have proposed an ecological model for studying the past and future of Chinese characters. Based on these models, together with systematic archaeological study of pottery inscriptions and DNA analysis of human skeletons unearthed from various neolithic cultural sites, this article discuss specific issues related to the genesis, the longevity and the future growth of Chinese characters in the context of ecological model of Chinese characters. Particularly, how Chinese characters can be prepared to respond to future challeneges in a world of globalization and dataism.

As a result of the National Social Science Foundation Project hosted by Professor Zhao Hong for several decades, the Dictionary of the Non-Classical Word in Turpan Manuscripts was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in December 2019 after long expectations. As for the form of a dictionary, it draws out the non-classical word in Turpan Manuscripts, and collects extensive materials. Furthermore, the practice of writing is fine and appropriate, and the collected glyphs are also full and rich. So, it shows us the whole appearance of using the non-classical word among the people in Turpan. It is a classic of this international study——Turpan Studies. This paper briefly introduces the dictionary’s practice, features, value and some shortcomings so that scholars can understand the dictionary better.

최근 몇 년 사이에 점점 더 많은 중국 본토 출신 학생들이 홍콩의 대학으로 진학을 하고 있다. 중국 본토 출신 학생들은 언어와 문화의 차이로 인해 다양한 학습에서의 어려움, 특히 번체자의 인식에서 큰 어려움을 느끼고 있다. 본문은 홍콩 뱁피스트 대학(香港浸會大學)의 다른 소속 단과대학의 1학년 중국 본토 출신 학생들을 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 이들은 또 3년제와 4년제 등으로 구분하였다.그들은 보통화 수업을 수강하고 있으나 수업의 강의는 번체자로 구성되었고 시험 또한 가능한 많은 번체를 이용하여 답안을 작성하도록 하였다. 본문은 그들의 답안지를 검토하고, 학생들의 실험 전과 실험 후의 성적을 비교하는 방법을 이용하여 분석함으로써, 중국 본토 학생들의 번체자 쓰기에 대한 심리적 태도와 그 학습 능력, 교육과정, 교재, 교육방법 등의 일련의 교육 구상에 관련된 많은 시사점을 얻을 수 있을 것을 기대하였다.실험 결과 수업을 통해 학생들은 간체와 번체의 유형별 원칙, 신구 자형, 이체자, 하나의 간체자에 다수의 번체자 대응 관계 현상과 규칙을 이해하였고,『簡化字總表第一表』·『第二表』와『第三表』의 간화 귀납 방식을 이해함으로써 간화자 총표를 이용하여 대응 번체자를 검색할 수 있게 되었다.수업 후의 실험을 통해 그들의 성적이 수업 전에 비해 월등이 향상되었음을 발견하였다. 또한 교육자가 수업 중 학생들의 요구에 따라 수업 과정 속의 수업 내용을 변화시키기도 하였다. 또한 학생들은 홍콩, 대만 등지에서 출판한 많은 번체자 서적을 더 많이 보았고, 간화자의 문장을 번체자로 바꾸어 써 봄으로써 어감을 높이기도 하고, “繁簡通”과 같은 소프트웨어를 이용하여 비교적 쉽게 간화자를 번체자로 변환하기도 함으로써 번체자의 학습과 쓰기의 여러움을 극복하였다. 이러한 교육활동은 중국 본토 학생들로 하여금 빠른 시간 안에 번체자를 학습하게 하여 학교 생활에 적응하고 홍콩 사회에 융합할 수 있도록 도움을 준다는 사실에서 그 가치를 지닌다.

近年來，越來越多內地學生來香港就讀大學。內地生須面對語言和文化的差異而造成的種種學習上的困難。本論文嘗試從問卷調查、學生的前測和後測的成績比較等方法，分析、探討在香港浸會大學就讀的內地生學寫繁體字的心態及其學習能力，從而在教學過程因應需求微調課程的講授內容，幫助內地學生適應校園生活，儘快融入香港社會。

The purpose of this research is to increase the need for Chinese character education through the teaching of Chinese and Japanese versions of Chinese character pronunciation, and also the modern, simplified versions of Chinese characters that are used in both China and Japan today. A practical problem with the current method of Chinese character education in Korea is the fact that the Chinese pronounce the characters differently. Its also common for one who has learned Chinese characters in Korea mot to be able to read actual Chinese newspapers or billboards. To solve these two problems, classes were given using 1,428 chosen Chinese characters that are used in Korea, China, and Japan alike. The results are as follows. 1.Parents of students wish for their children to learn Chinese characters, mainly because they feel it necessary for daily life, and because they feel there is a need to keep neighboring countries, such as China and Japan, in mind. In addition, they wish for the students to be taught the pronunciations of the common characters used in Korea, China, and Japan, as well. 2.The students feel it necessary to learn the different pronunciations of Chinese characters, in addition to our own, for future trade and relations with China and Japan. 3.In relation to the depth and area of pronunciation studies, parents and students alike showed positive responses to the category marked Learning only the characters that are used in all three countries. This seems to showed desire to learn only the basic characters, in order to become not unfamiliar with the Chinese and Japanese language. 4.The students showed very positive responses about learning the pronunciations of common characters used in all three countries of Korea, China, and Japan, and the modernized versions of Chinese characters as well.