The unearthed literature databases such as inscriptions on ancient bronze objects of Shang, Zhou Dynasties, Chu Slips of Warring States Period, bamboo slips and stone inscriptions of Qin and Han Dynasties, which have the property of one-time writing, can reveal some problems in the use of “annotation” words when compared with related handed down texts. The issue of stratification involving the attributes of the times and the annotations of Chinese historical materials are often neglected habitually. This kind of investigation and analysis is an important basic subject for mining language and character knowledge as well as forming a knowledge base for development history of characters. Even for chronological questions discussing the writing of relevant texts, some analysis thoughts may be offered.
Zhuan Li Wan Xiang Ming Yi’s “Gujinzi” is a typical sample outside the region, and it stores a wealth of thematic corpus. This paper sorts out more than 300 groups of “Gujinzi”, and through the analysis and summary of the style of these materials, it is found that there are not only typical terms marked by the words “Gu” and “Jin”, but also terms such as “Tongshang.” “Shangwen” and “Mouzi” mixed with the typical terms. The collection and identification of its expression style is the premise for further research on the materials of “Gujinzi”, and as an exotic sample of the development of “Gujinzi”, the comparative research on Chinese “Gujinzi” can provide some circumstantial evidence for solving the long-debated problems in the academic history of “Gujinzi”; As an exotic eye, it also provides us with a new perspective to understand the connotation of the traditional term “Gujinzi” and the relationship between words.
Pi Cang《埤蒼》appeared in the early Wei Dynasty and died out after the Southern Song Dynasty. It follows from Shuo Wen《說文》and followed by Yu Pian《玉篇》, which has been quoted by a large number of dictionaries, thesauruses, Buddhist scriptures and other works. It is an important character book in the Middle Chinese period. Pi Cang《埤蒼》includes a lot of dialectical and folk words in the Middle Chinese period, which is of great value to the research on Chinese history, and is conducive to the tracing of modern Chinese dialectical and folk words to their source. Xuan Ying Yin Yi《玄應音義》cites more than 150 words from Pi Cang《埤蒼》. On the basis of the excellent research results of ancient and modern times, this paper selects seven dialectical and folk words that are still in use in modern Chinese dialects to make a brief analysis.
In Northern Song Dynasty, the book Qun Jing Yin Bian by Jia Changchao (賈昌朝) specifically selected and analyzed the sound and meaning matching relationships of the sound and meaning materials in the annotations of multiple classics, which were recorded in the Jing Dian Shi Wen (經典釋文), and systematically classified and arranged them into five categories. Qun Jing Yin Bian inaugurated the systematic study of sound and meaning matching in history, specifically exploring the matching relationships between Chinese sound and meaning. It is a research work on Chinese phonosemantics in the disciplinary sense. Qun Jing Yin Bian has achieved a qualitative transformation from the compilation of basic sound and meaning materials to the exploration of research-oriented sound and meaning matching relationships, which has important historical significance in the development of Chinese phonosemantics.
Among the silk manuscripts unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 Han dynasty Tomb, there are two pieces of silks record the literature which relate to Yi. One of them records Zhouyi and Ersanziwen, and the other one records Xici, Zhong, Yao, Miuhe and Zhaoli. Many scholars believed that the two silk manuscripts were written by the same writer. After comparing plenty of characters, we found that the fonts of these two silk manuscripts have obvious differences in components, strokes and structures. Therefore, we believed that these two manuscripts are probably not be written by one person. Moreover, there still remains controversy about the age of the master copies of these literatures which relate to Yi. After analyzing some special characters and words in these literatures, we speculated that the master copy of Xici which was written earlier than the Qin Dynasty, is influenced by the Chu characters of the Warring States and written by seal-clericle script. The languages of some part of Yao and Miuhe are obviously influenced by Qin dynasty’s language using habits.
In recent years, many Vietnamese and International researchers have been interested in two aspects of Vienamese variant Chinese charaters – International variants and national variants. International variant characters here are Chinese characters originating from China. National variant characters are Chinese characters created by each country under the Chinese cultural influence, such as Vietnam, Korea and Japan. In order to clarify the charateristics of Vienamese unique variant Chinese charaters (national variants), we analyzed two Buddhist texts: The first one is Chư phẩm kinh 諸品經 (there are 187 variant Chinese charaters correspond to 183 standard charaters with total number of appearance is 1,697); the second one is Thích thị bảo dỉnh hành trì bí chỉ toàn chương 釋氏寶鼎行持秘旨全章 (there are 56 variant Chinese characters correspond to 41 standard characters with total number of appearance is 243).
In this paper, the conceptual spaces of the diachronic semantic evolution of “Paste” semantic verbs are constructed through the diachronic literature surveys. In the history of Chinese language, the verb with the meaning of “Paste” was rarely used in literature before the Tang Dynasty, and it was not until the modern Chinese period that it gradually increased. In terms of activity, from the dominance of “膠” in ancient Chinese to the emergence of “貼” in medieval Chinese, and until modern Chinese, a situation where the three words “貼” “糊” and “粘 (黏)” went hand in hand was formed. The pattern of “粘” “帖”, and “膠” as marginal members greatly influenced the use of “Paste” semantic verbs in modern Chinese, and this pattern was generally continued in modern Chinese, At the same time, there are some differences in the use of words between WeiJin Dynasty
This article conducts a multidimensional quantitative data analysis of writing scores and related variables such as word frequency, stroke number, and the number of components in the corpus of Chinese character acquisition of primary Chinese learners from non-Chinese culture circles, and then analyzes the cognitive characteristics and rules of Chinese character acquisition reflected in the data from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Data analysis shows that there are “stroke number effect” and “component number effect” when learners write Chinese characters, and the influence of the stroke number and component number on writing depends on the level of Chinese characters in the whole book frequency, and the dividing line is about 200. From the perspective of cognitive rule, frequency, stroke number and component number affect the whole process of perception, memory and extraction of Chinese characters. There are differences in the recognition methods of Chinese characters with different frequencies when writing. Learners use compressed and holistic recognition for high-frequency words (frequency>200), while partial and feature recognition for medium and low-frequency words (frequency≤200), and the basic units of feature recognition are strokes and components.The score of wrongly used characters is not significantly correlated with frequency, strokes and components, and the cognitive rules reflected by wrongly used characters need further study.
First published in 1901, “Chengzhong Mengxuetang Zike Tushuo (澄衷蒙學堂字課圖說)” is the first Chinese textbook compiled by schools in China by Liu Shuping, Bai Zuolin, Cai Yuanpei and so on. The textbook mainly includes four parts: “ordinary examples”, “character inspection”, “character classification” and “Tushuo”, and contains “character selection”, “sequence arrangement of Chinese characters”, “rank division” and so on. This paper believes that the textbook has made a good explanation and practice on the Chinese character type selection, quantitative grading, classification of sequencing, and initially established the basic framework of the study of educational characters, which still has important enlightenment and guiding significance for the study of Chinese character education today.
The problems of misinterpretation, lack of text, absence of text, derivation of text, reverse text and sentence reading errors in some of the texts inscribed in the opera tablets of the Ming Dynasty in the south of Shanxi are caused by many reasons, such as unclear grammar and style of writing, unclear cultural words, no recognition of homophone characters and similar characters, no recognition of different characters, or indistinct and vague characters in the topographic films. By checking the topology, combining the handed down documents and unearthed documents, correct the misword, supplement the missing text, correct the missing text, correct the derived text, correct the inverted text, correct the sentence reading, indicate the wrong cause, correct the explanation text, in order to provide more accurate and reliable text information for the academic research.