Crushed peach stone shells were impregnated with H3PO4 of increasing concentrations (30-70%) followed by heat treatment at 773 K for 3 h. Produced carbons (ACs) were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K using the BET-equation and the α-method. High surface area microporous ACs were obtained, with enhanced internal pore volume, as function of % H3PO4. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solution were determined for methylene blue (MB) and p-nitrophenol (PNP), as representatives for dye and phenolics pollutant molecules. Application of the Langmuir model proved the high limiting capacity towards both solute molecules, MB was uptaken in increasing amounts as function of H3PO4 concentration and generated porosity. High removal of PNP was almost the same irrespective of porosity characteristics. Competitive adsorption of H2O molecules on the hydrophilic carbon surface seems to partially reduce the available area to the PNP molecules. Application of the pseudo-second order law described well the fast adsorption (≤ 120 min) at two initial dye concentrations.

This paper is intended to develop a Bayesian decision model for the repair of deteriorating system. A non-homogeneous Poisson process with a power law failure intensity function is used to describe the behavior of the deteriorating repairable system. The decision on whether to have minimal repair or imperfect repair should be made on the occurrence of a failure. However, it is difficult to make a reasonable decision due to many uncertainties intrinsic in repair actions. In this paper, prior distributions are used in order to analyze the uncertainties embedded in the decision alternatives. Especially, a prior distribution for imperfect repair with probabilistic reduction in the failure intensity is proposed. In addition, mathematical expressions to calculate the expected prior loss of each repair alternative are proposed.

This research has been conducted in order to assess the effects on quality management factor of the construction sites. 30 companies abiding by the 'construction industry law' and 32 companies abiding by the 'housing construction promotion law' have been researched in areas of quality-management environment, quality-management understanding, quality-management education on construction field, quality-system and quality-improvement. This construction quality factors are to realized the anticipated results not only quality level's increasing, but also company's confidence, competitiveness. We were able to obtain participations of 62 questionnaire, and derived statistics by means of SPSS/PC version 10.0. In this study, we find the bottleneck factor for promotion and upgrade quality management factor of the construction sites and suggest a way out of difficulties.

Today, in our society, serious concern about protection from crimes and the revision of existing penal system are demanded. The necessity and significant of probation and parole, especially, as and effective alternative th the prevention of crimes and a new idea of penalty, increase. Probation and parole is the system which offers the offender opportunities th improve and educate himself/herself by having him/her committed not to a correctional institution but treatment community. This would provide the offender with opportunities for self-protection by promoting and reinforcing his/her sense of self-responsibility. It also encourages other people to take part in the process of rehabilitation. Moreover, the system is of value in the aspect of public finance, which is responsible for the offender correction expenses. In our country , probation has been applied to juveniles already from 7. 1. 1989. As to adults, it was introduced in the Criminal Law and has been applied as from 1. 1. 1997. Probation would serve as an opportunity for new understanding of penalty. Since the purpose of this dissertation is th examine the concept of probation and parole, in law related to probation and parole, realities of probation and parole, specially, probation officer, role and problem of crime prevention in local community.

PSS hetero 돼지를 이용하여 PSS와 관련된 유전자를 cloning 하여 유전자 구조를 분석하고 세포내의 유전자의 존재를 확인하여 PSS 돼지의 유전양식을 밝히고자 실시되었고, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 615번 amino acid가 N과 n에서 각각 arginine과 cysteine으로 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 6번 염색체(PSS 관련유전자)로부터 우성유전자 N과 열성유전자 n이 각각 유전자 좌위(locus)에 대립 유전자(alleles)로 존재함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 alleles로 존재함으로써 각각의 유전자가 나뉘어져 유전됨을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 위의 어려움을 해결하기 위해, 스마트 수동제어 시스템을 제안하였다. 스마트 수동제어 시스템은 MR댐퍼와 EMI시스템으로 구성되며, EMI시스템은 영구자석과 솔레노이드 코일로 이루어진다. EMI시스템은 MR댐퍼의 왕복운동에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하므로, 스마트 수동제어 시스템은 외부 전원 없이 외부하중에 따라 댐퍼의 점성을 바꾸는 적응성을 갖는다. 따라서 간단하고 효율적인 장치로써, 대형토목구조물에 적용 가능하다. 이의 확인을 위해 예제를 통한 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 스마트 수동제어 시스템이 강진에 대해서는 기존의 반능동 제어 MR댐퍼 시스템 보다 우수한 성능을 보인다.

We propose an analytical model to estimate the influence of a merger on the thermal SZ effect. Following observations we distinguish between subsonic and transonic mergers. Using analytical velocity fields and the Bernoulli equation we calculate the excess pressure around a moving subcluster for an incompressible subsonic gas. Positive excess around the stagnation point and negative excess on the side of the subcluster lead to characteristic signatures in the SZ map, of the order of 10% compared to the unperturbed signal. For a transonic merger we calculate the change in the thermal spectral SZ function, resulting from bow shock accelerated electrons. The merger shock compression factor determines the power law tail of the new non-thermal electron population and is directly related to a shift in the crossover frequency. This shift is typically a few percent towards higher frequencies.

We find evidence of a hard X-ray excess above the thermal emission in two cool clusters (Abell 1750 and IC 1262) and a soft excess in two hot clusters (Abell 754 and Abell 2163). Our modeling shows that the excess components in Abell 1750, IC 1262, and Abell 2163 are best fit by a steep power law indicative of a significant non-thermal component. In the case of Abell 754, the excess emission is thermal, 1 ke V emission. We analyze the dynamical state of each cluster and find evidence of an ongoing or recent merger in all four clusters. In the case of Abell 2163, the detected, steep spectrum, non-thermal X-ray emission is shown to be associated with the weak merger shock seen in the temperature map. However, this shock is not able to produce the flatter spectrum radio halo which we attribute to post-shock turbulence. In Abell 1750 and IC 1262, the shocked gas appears to be spatially correlated with non-thermal emission suggesting cosmic-ray acceleration at the shock front.

This paper attempts to analyze and prove Yeats' gradual acceptance of the middle class and the people's democracy of South Ireland, just liberated from England. He always struggled against the Irish Catholic bourgeoisie and their practical and political nationalism during his lifetime for realizing his ideal vision of Ireland embodying the “Unity of Being”; he dreamed to establish a culturally aristocratic nation keeping order not by forced law and power but by imagination and desire of self-transcendence, while South Ireland pursued practical interests and became a theocracy. After burning his “rage and lust” against the mass culture of post-colonial Catholic Ireland, Yeats began to admit Catholic Ireland as it was with the perspective of the poetic transcendence, “tragic joy.” His recognition of the Catholic middle class at the end of his life is considered for attaining the sense of unity with Irish people, which was essential to his vision of nation. This paper traces his changing attitudes toward the middle class, especially focusing on such poems as “The Municipal Gallery Revisited,” “The Statues,” “Circus Animal's Desertion,” and “Cuchulain Comforted.”

This study treats the distinction between the prisoners' rights and mere priviliges. In other words, the purpose of this study is to indicate the prisoners' fundamental rights and difficulty of interpreting the law about prisoners' rights and to show the complex environment in which corrections exist. This study discusses many topics and problems treated by many countries' laws and rulings, pertinent to prisoners' rights and those limit, especially in the light of history of in the United States. Because throughout the history of corrections of that country, prisoners' have had comparatively few rights. Maybe the court's reluctance to interfere with prison management stemmed from the belief that such intrusions would only make the administration of correctional facilities more difficult to correct effectively (so to speak hands-off doctrine). Discussing the Inmate rights are frequently seen by the public as unnecessary expenses and luxries. Reflecting this kind attitude, for a long time the special penal-servitude relation theory had affected the theory and judiciary of western world, in the continental as well as in the anglo-american legal system. Today none upholds this old pattern theory, instead every citizen, including prisoners, has the catalog of inalienable rights. Consequently every government can restrict those rights reasonably related to interfere with legitimate penological interest, or legitimate penological objectives of the prison environment.