본 연구의 목적은 정보영재교육이 학생의 인지적 영역에 미친 영향을 살펴봄으로써 정보영재교육의 효과를 진단하고 앞으로의 방향을 제시하고자 하는 데 있다. 인지적 영역에 미치는 요소를 교육기관의 목표와 내용, 정보영재교육의 난이도, 정보영재학생의 지식습득 정도, 학습자 핵심 역량 향상, 학습 전이 정도로 구분하고 영재학급, 교육청 산하 영재교육원, 대학부설 과학영재교육원, 과학고등학교 총 9곳의 교육 목표와 내용을 분석하고 이 기관의 학생 171명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 교육기관의 목표와 내용은 21세기 사회가 요구하는 창의적 문제해결력, 논리적 사고력 등 다양한 핵심 역량을 강화시키기 위한 방향으로 구성되어 있었으며 학생들은 정보영재교육을 통해 대체적으로 긍정적인 영향을 받았다고 응답하였다. 그러나 기관별로 학습자간 습득한 지식 범위와 수준의 차이로 인해 학습자간 역량 차이가 심화될 가능성이 있음이 나타났으며, 난이도나 학습 속도의 부적절함, 자기주도학습능력, 의사소통능력, 학습의 전이 정도에 대한 상대적으로 부정적인 응답률은 이에 대한 개선이 필요함을 의미한다.

This paper presents the image processing technique for detecting the aggregate shape. From the verification test, it was exhibited that the shape of aggregate can be detected by the developed program.

The study area is located on the western coast, and the inner development construction has been ongoing since 2011. The purposes of current study are to effectively simulate and quantitatively predict a temporal and spatial distributions of water temperature and salinity due to the stages of inner development construction in saemangeum reclaimed area. The transient-state numerical modeling using EFDC model is done, and the numerical simulation results are validated reasonably by repetitive numerical model calibration procedures with respect to field measurements of water temperature and salinity. The spatial distributions of water temperature and salinity show similar trends before and after construction of the dikes. In spring season, the salinity has maximum value of 21 psu, while, in summer season, the salinity shows 7 psu in a whole modeling domain. Thus, it is clearly observed that salt water is replaced by freshwater. However, the salinity and temperature reach their initial conditions at the end of the year. The salinity after construction of the dikes is lower than that before construction of them at Mankyeong area. On the other hands, after construction of the dikes, the salinity after dredging operations is higher than that before dredging. Because drastical increasing of water volume in Saemangeum Lake leads to increasing of stagnation time at bottom layer, and salt water is easily intruded to the two estuaries. Therefore, it may be concluded that hydrodynamic characteristics on Saemangeum are dominated by either Mankyeong and Dongjin discharge or sluice gates in/out-flow amounts, and thus they must be properly considered when rigorous and reasonable predictions of water temperature and salinity according to the stages of inner development construction.

현재 작물에서 분자육종학의 기술은 1994년 미국 칼젠사 (Calgene)가 개발한 숙성과정 중 물러지지 않는 토마토, Flavr Savr라는 상품을 개발하여 일반인들에게도 많이 알려지며 관심을 갖는 분야가 되었다. 그 이후 미국 몬산토 (Monsanto)에서 개발한 Round up ready 라는 제초제저항성 콩을 상품으로 발표하면서 외래형질을 도입한 작물에 대한 위해성의 논란이 야기되어, 이를 잠재울 만한 기술 및 방법들이 연구되어 지고 있다. 형질전환 작물, 다시 말하여 유전자변형생물 (GMO, genetically modified organism) 의 위해성의 논란의 하나인 외래유전자가 도입된 형질전환체의 유전자가 야생으로 이동하여 의도치 않은 유전자의 이동에 관한 것이다. 본 연구는 선행 연구에서 제초제저항성을 보이는 잔디, JG21（Jeju Green 21）에 방사선 (감마선)을 처리하여 얻은 여러 형질 중 화분에 이상을 보이는 (웅성불임) 라인을 선발하여 JG21-MS (Male Sterility)라고 명명된 웅성불임 들잔디 화분을 조사하였다. 그 결과 외형적으로 Wild-type, JG21의 정상적인 둥근 공 모양의 형태를 보이는 것에 비해 JG21-MS의 화분은 찌그러진 형태가 관찰되었고, 화분의 활성을 확인할 수 있는 Alexander 염색법을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 JG21-MS의 화분은 대부분 염색되지 않았다. 또한 실제적으로 JG21-MS의 화분이 발아하여 화분관 신장의 가능성을 확인하기 위해 화분관 발아배지를 이용하여 화분관을 유도하였으나 Wild-type, JG21에서 비슷한 수준으로 화분관이 신장된 것에 비해 JG21-MS는 0%의 화분관 신장를 보였다. JG21-MS의 화분은 Wild-type의 화분에 비해 양이 상당히 적고 모양 또한 찌그러진 형태로 유전자 이동의 가능성이 있는 화분관 신장을 보이지 않아 GM 작물의 안정성의 문제를 해소할 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 들잔디의 생육 환경에 따라 화분의 활성에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 이를 명확히 할 필요가 있으며, 한 해의 결과로 속단하기 이르므로 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 다음 세대 및 다양한 조건에서의 추가 연구가 필요하다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mature stages on quality of Rafito tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) during storage at low temperature. Tomatoes grown in greenhouse were harvested at three different mature stages (turning, pink, and red), packaged with a 30-μm-thick polyethylene film, and then stored at 5 and 10℃, respectively. The changes in firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), colour, lycopene content, decay, and chilling injury were measured on a weekly basis. After three weeks of storage, chilling injury and decay were found to have individually occurred at 5 and 10℃, respectively. As there was little change in quality at 5℃, it was concluded that red tomatoes could maintain their good quality for two weeks. The normal postharvest ripening was inhibited in the turning and pink tomatoes during storage at 5℃. The turning and pink tomatoes showed improved quality after two-week storage at 10℃. In particular, the turning fruits showed the highest firmness throughout the storage period. Furthermore, the red colour, SSC/TA, and lycopene content of the turning fruits reached the same levels as with the red fruits after two-week storage at 10℃. These results suggest that red tomatoes should be stored at 5℃ to inhibit decay, and that the optimum temperature for early-harvested tomato (turning and pink) is 10℃ for the ripening process after harvest.

For the investigation of the quality loss of mulberry during distribution, the deterioration rate, microorganism growth, and sensory quality of mulberry kept at 20, 10 and 0℃, respectively, were investigated. Based on the results, the optimum temperature for extending the freshness of mulberry was examined in the temperature range of -1.5 to 1.5℃. The level of mold in the mulberry kept at 20 and 10℃, respectively, was much higher than that kept at 0℃. The quality of the mulberry deteriorated seriously after two days at 20℃, after six days at 10℃, and after 12 days at 0℃. The marketability of mulberry as determined via sensory evaluation was much more prolonged by decreasing the keeping temperature from 20 to 0℃. To extend the freshness of mulberry using these results, the optimum temperature was evaluated at the range of -1.5 to 1.5℃ for 25 days. During storage, the changes in the color and pH of the berry were not significantly different by storage temperature, but the microbial levels and deterioration rate increased in the order of 1.5, 0, and -1.5℃. In particular, the firmness of the mulberry decreased rapidly at 1.5℃, showing a significant difference from the others. The titratable acidity and sugar contents decreased gradually at all the applied temperatures. The anthocyanin content decreased sharply at 1.5℃ but gently changed at -1.5℃. Through the sensory results of this study, it was adjudged that the marketability of mulberry could be maintained about 0.7 times at 1.5℃ and 1.3 times at -1.5℃ compared with the marketability at 0℃, respectively.

This paper presents the image processing technique for analyzing quantitatively air voids in paste. From the test, the performance of proposed technique was verified.

This study was conducted not only to investigate the effects of rate of addition of dried jujube to Yakju (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 percent) but also to examine the quality changes in jujube Yakju during its storage (for 75 days at 35℃). The results showed no significant differences in pH, total acidity, soluble solids, and anthocyanin and alcohol contents of the Yakju right after its fermentation. With the increase in the amount of jujube that was added, the lightness of the jujube Yakju changed from 93 to 94, its redness decreased, and its yellowness significantly increased. The jujube Yakju that was fermented with 1.5-percent dried jujube had high sensory evaluation (selection rate) scores for color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability. It had no significant changes in pH and total acidity during its storage after its heat treatment. Its soluble solids contents tended to decrease with its heat treatment and to increase in its storage period. With respect to its color changes during its storage, the higher the ratio of the jujube that was added, the longer the storage period was, the lightness (L) and redness (a) decreased and the yellowness (b) increased. The polyphenol contents depended on the rate of addition of the dried jujube, but were not affected by the heat treatment and storage period. The organic acids in jujube Yakju were citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid and acetic acid.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying alum (aluminum sulfate) and aluminum chloride on pH and pathogen populations of Hanwoo manure. A total of 36 steers (8 months old and averaging 300 kg in weight) were used in this trial and allotted to 9 pens (3 replication pens per group with 4 steers per experimental unit, 5 x 8 m). Chemical additives were applied as a top dressing with garden rake to a depth of 1 cm of manure with wood shavings in each treatment. The chemical amendments were control (without chemical amendments), 50 g of alum and 50 g of aluminum chloride/kg of Hanwoo manure. The experiment was carried out for 4 weeks. Adding alum and aluminum chloride to Hanwoo manure reduced (P < 0.05) pH compared to untreated controls during the 4-wk period. Both levels of the alum and aluminum chloride treatments tested decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica populations in Hanwoo manure at 2 and 4 weeks. It appears that the reduction in pathogen populations was primarily associated with the lower manure pH. If more strict environmental regulations are put into effect regarding pathogen populations from Hanwoo facilities, treating Hanwoo manure with alum and aluminum chloride may be a good management practice.

최근 물질의 특성과 구조를 해석하기 위해서 수치해석학적 모델과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션이 많이 사용된다. 이러한 관점에서 물질의 미세구조를 해석하는 데 있어 분자동역학 해석법은 매우 유용한 방법이다. 이번 연구에서는 점토광물에 대한 확산계수 및 점착력과 같은 물리화학적 특성을 계산하기 위한 수치해석학적 방법을 소개한다. 이번연구에서 지질학적으로 심부에 위치하는 포화된 점토광물과 물을 포함한 점토광물에 대한 특성을 분자동역학을 이용해서 계산하고 균질화해석법을 활용하여 점착력과 같은 외부조건에 따라 결정되는 점토광물의 확산거동을 해석하였다. 그 결과 수치해석에 의한 해석결과 값과 기존의 실내 투수실험에 의한 결과 값이 매우 흡사한 결과를 보인다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 여러 가지 복합적인 조건하에서의 점토광물의 물리화학적 거동을 해석하는 데 수치해석학적 방법이 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

In this study, of currently being implemented organic cultivation in rice, the economic effects of snail agriculture, natural circulation agriculture, stevia agriculture and art nature agriculture were compared and analyzed. Analysis results showed that the economic effects of selling price per 10a, gross margin and agricultural income were increased, compared to those of previous agricultural techniques. In addition, the comparison results of economic effects by agricultural techniques showed that the agricultural income per 10a of organic cultivation were increased from the national average, compared to that of conventional cultivation. These economic effects analysis by agricultural techniques can help in the decision making of farmers for the adoption of agricultural techniques in the future.