Carbon-based magnetic nanostructures in several instances have resulted in improved physicochemical and catalytic properties when compared to multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnetic nanoparticles. In this study, magnetic MWCNTs with a structure of NixZnxFe2O4/MWCNT as peroxidase mimics were fabricated by the one-pot hydrothermal method. The structure, composition and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic properties were investigated with a vibrating sample magnetometer. The peroxidase-like catalytic activity of the nanocomposites was investigated by colorimetric and electrochemical tests with 3,3´,5,5´-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 as the substrates. The results show that the synthesis of the nanocomposites was successfully performed. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structures of the NixZnxFe2O4/ MWCNT nanohybrids and MWCNTs. The main peaks of the NixZnxFe2O4/MWCNTs crystals were presented. The Ni0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4/MWCNT and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/MWCNT nanocatalysts showed nearly similar physicochemical properties, but the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/MWCNT nanocatalyst was more appropriate than the Ni0.25Zn0.25Fe2O4/MWCNT nanocatalyst in terms of the magnetic properties and catalytic activity. The optimum peroxidase-like activity of the nanocatalysts was obtained at pH 3.0. The Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/MWCNT nanocatalyst exhibited a good peroxidase-like activity. These magnetic nanocatalysts can be suitable candidates for future enzyme-based applications such as the detection of glucose and H2O2.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with two different (L/D) aspect ratios (7±2 μm/140±30 nm and 0.5–2 μm/8–15 nm) were surface treated using nitric acid (HNO3) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) prior to their deposition on carbon fibers (CF). Before the hierarchical reinforcement with CF-MWCNT, the CFs were treated with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, a coupling agent (Z6040) and with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) a dendrimer containing an ethylenediamine core and amine surface groups. The MWCNT were deposited on the CF using two methods, by electrostatic attraction and by chemical reactions. The changes in the CF surface morphology after the MWCNT deposition were analyzed using SEM, which revealed a higher density and uniform coverage for the PAMAM-treated CF and the short MWCNTs. The interfacial adhesion of the composite materials was evaluated using the single fiber fragmentation technique. The results indicated an improvement in the interfacial shear strength with the addition of the short-MWCNTs treated with acid solutions and grafted onto the surface of the CF fiber using electrostatic attraction.

Until recently, molecular detection method for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Bx) infesting pine trees and killing themhas been developed several ways such as RFLP, Real-time PCR and LAMP. However, these were not only time-consumingprocess but also could not confirm the result in a short time. Furthermore, these methods also need thermo cycler orthermostat which are not portable and inexpensive. For above reasons, we had been developed the detection method forBx remaining in the pinewood chips without using electronic devices. In this study, we had used DUNT buffer that isable to extract genome DNA from Bx in the pinewood within 10 min and isothermal amplification that could be amplifiedthe specific DNA fragment of Bx at 37 ℃ for 10 min. As a result, our method is able to confirm the presence or absenceof Bx in pine trees within 20 min and could be used in the field as it does not require the electronic devices.

Steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powders (SMSP) have various health improvement effects. However, westill do not know which substances are reponsible for varius health improvement effect yet. In this study, we comparedcontents of phytochemicals in SMSP to mulberry leaves and other silkworm powders. We found that SMSP have certainlevels of phyttochemicals and silk proteins. Our data suggested that various substances in SMSP are responsible for healthimprovements effect. (Project title: Elucidation the health improvement effects of boiled silk worm larvae, Project No:PJ010828012017)

To investigate the proper eclosion condition of Black Soldier Fly(BSF), Hermetia illucens was investigated the eclosionperiod and rate by cluster size and temperature for 3 weeks. Respectively, ten pupaes were added to the pupae(FTP)and rice husk (TTR) at 25℃, also treated only with pupae(TTR) and rice husk (TTR) at 30℃. In addition, Four hundredpupaes of each pupa were treated with only pupa (SP) and rice husk(SR) at 25℃, while was tested only pupa(TP) andrice husk(TR) at 30℃. As a result of the small group experiment, the FTR group showed the highly rate of emergencerate of 96.6%, which was more efficiently than other treatments, and also, TR group showed of highly efficiency (96.25%).Compared to the small group experiment, the algebra rate and algebra rate averaged 1.1 days faster and increased by13.3%. Two experimental results showed that eclosion rate was influenced by temperature and eclosionrate by shelter.

Environmental cleansing insect which is well known for Black Soldier Fly(BSF), Hermetia illucens egg mass wightby hatch survival rate and animal carcass and pig feces decomposition ability trial and examined survival rate. BSF eggmass examined A-1,2,3 group each 4.56g equivalent condition hatch after survival rate, Survival BSF larva was36,394.67±3,038.863, survival rate average was 64.8%. Put the BSF larva 45,000 into the Python regius carcass showeddecomposition takes 9 days, wight was decreased rate to 67%. Put A-1,2,3 survival BSF larva dived half into pig feces,carcass. Pig carcass, feces each 6.35kg decomposition take 12 days, 14 days, wight decreased rate to 58.8%, 63.2%, Survivalrate showed to 4.87%, 85.6%, one larva per 1.16g, 2.26g pig carcass, feces take decomposition. Since the lack of food,BSF larva didn’t grow more than the pig carcass feed group, extra in 6kg of pig feces feed. Amount pig feces take12.35kg decomposition during 32 days. Manure make 4.2kg.

We selected the trap plant that could attract Ricania spp. adult effectively and the systemic chemicals that could beused at the same time in 2016. Ricania spp. has recently spread throughout Chungnam province since its occurrence in2010. We found that sunflowers could attract them effectively in pre-oviposition period of Ricania spp. and selected thesystemic chemicals could be used with sunflower simultaneously. The sunflower attracted their adults about 90 to 95percent in pre-oviposition period. The systemic chemicals was dinotefuran SG 50% and the control effect of it was 96.2%.The control effect of dinotefuran transferred to sunflower was excellent, and the density of adult in blackberry field couldbe kept low in pre-poviposion period of Ricania spp. The above results show the possibility of using sunflower as atrap plant to control Ricania spp. adults.

Potato tuber moth (PTM) is damaging pest of solanaceous crop invasive to Korea. We showed earlier that it inflicteddamage to tomato. So in this study, we evaluated accessions of Solanum lycopersicum (Money maker, Campari, AilsaCraig, LA3475 and e6203) and a wild variety of S. pimpinellifolium for resistance variability. A day old larvae of PTMwere inoculated to leaves and fruits. The result showed high survivability on leaves of Ailsa Craig (95.6%±4.4 SE) andlow on fruits of S. pimpinellifolium (14.0%±6.0). Leaves of LA3475 and fruits of S. pimpinellifolium were less preferred.Volatile compounds could be the cause. Density of trichomes could also influence PTM activity on leaves. These resultsgive us information on resistance variability which could be utilized if there is a host shift due to climate change.

Nitiric oxide (NO) and eicosanoids function as crucial immune mediators in insects. This study focuses on cross-talkbetween two immune mediators in term of humoral immune response in Spodoptera exigua. Up-regulation of eight differentanti-microbial peptides (AMP) was observed against bacterial challenge. In contrast, injection of E. coli along with L-NAMEsignificantly down regulation the AMP production whereas D-NAME was not effective. The injection of E. coli withdexamethasone or SNAP also decreased AMP production whereas arachidonic acid (AA) compensated the dexamethasoneeffects. RNA inerferece against SeNOS showed the down-regulation of defensin mRNA level, whereas dsNOS injectionswith AA reversed the gene regulation.