The house fly, Musca domestica L. is a serious cosmopolitan pest in livestock production systems. Poultry farmers employ various techniques to control them but rely heavily on the use of chemicals which has the serious drawback of the target pest becoming resistant. We have selected two native natural enemies in Gyeonggi area where selected for the biological control of the house fly. Carcinops pumilio (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Histeridae), commonly found in poultry manure, is an important predator of house fly eggs and larvae. The substitute food source was developed for the mass rearing of C. pumilio. Spalangia nigroaenea (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) not only parasitized the host to produce its progeny but also killed host pupae by feeding. The parasitoid induced mortality had an effect on the parasitoid-to-host density relationships.

Assuming that implicit and explicit knowledge are two different constructs, the current study takes unpaired English unaccusatives as its target grammar feature to investigate these two types of knowledge among Korean EFL learners. In line with the growing body of research utilizing a battery of tests, this study adopts a combination of validated tests to assess implicit and explicit knowledge. In doing so, this study lends support to previous studies, in that the L2 learners’ two types of knowledge are not on par. The findings indicate that proficiency was not correlated with the learners’ explicit knowledge, while it was highly correlated with their implicit knowledge. Moreover, regardless of the grammaticality of the unaccsuative sentences, the role of subject animacy varied depending on the learners’ different type of knowledge in relation to proficiency. Finally, a critical discussion on the importance of separating the two constructs of knowledge and implications for future research are provided.

This study aimed to examine whether overall English proficiency influences the relative predictive power of reading fluency and listening comprehension abilities in explaining the reading comprehension of Korean EFL learners within the simple view of reading framework, when the age factor is controlled for. One hundred sixteen eleventh-grade Korean high school students consisting of two highly distinct groups in general English proficiency―55 Most Highly Capable Students (MHCS) and 61 Capable Students (CS)―were tested on measures of reading fluency, vocabulary knowledge, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension. The findings indicated that reading fluency and listening comprehension abilities were significantly related to the reading comprehension of both MHCS and CS groups. However, the results from a series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that while listening comprehension was a stronger predictor of reading comprehension of the MHCS group, it was reading fluency that explained more variance in comprehension of the CS group. Implications for reading instructions are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to study how L2 motivations in both Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) L2 Motivational Self System and Gardner’s (1985) socio-educational model were related to intrinsic and extrinsic subscales in the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) in Korean college contexts. This study investigated the relationships among the motivational variables by the use of the correlation method and the effects of L2 motivations on motivated behavior through multiple regression analysis. The findings showed Gardner’s (1985) integrativeness and ideal L2 self were strongly correlated with the more self-determined types of motivations, while L2 learning experience and ought-to L2 self were associated with the less self-determined ones in the self-determination theory. In addition, Dörnyei’s (2005, 2009) L2 Motivational Self System and the extrinsic motivation subscales, identified regulation and external regulation, explained Korean college students’ motivated behavior better than Gardner’s (1985) integrativeness. The theoretic discussions are made at the conclusion.

The antioxidant capacities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total quercetin contents (TQC) of a red (Chenjujuck), a yellow (Sunpower), and a white (Grasier) onion cultivar were determined in this study. Onion was separated into edible portion and dry skin. In the case of edible portion, the yellow onion had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the red onion. The white onion showed neither antioxidant activity nor quercetin compounds. On the other hand, the dry skin of the red onion showed higher antioxidant activity than yellow onion skin. The white onion skin had slight antioxidant activity, low TPC, and no quercetin compounds. In addition, the flavonoid compounds of the edible portion and dry skins of these colored onions were analyzed by UFLC(ultra-fast liquid chromatography). The major compounds were quercetin 3,4-diglucoside and quercetin 4- glucoside in yellow and red onion edible portion, whereas the major compounds in yellow and red onion skins were quercetin 4- glucoside, quercetin, and quercetin 3,4-diglucoside.

This study explored the factors that lead college-level EFL adult learners to participate productively in speaking in a Content Based Instruction (CBI) course. Having investigated how the classroom tasks and environments scaffolded the learners to participate, the study considered factors for motivating students to engage in classroom discussion in spontaneous, voluntary speaking. The findings of this study are discussed through a sociocultural approach. Based on an analysis of the classroom observation and interview data, the study suggests that scaffolding devices and classroom environment play a significant role in encouraging and promoting output performance. The study suggests that four types of scaffolding should be available for a CBI course to facilitate participation in a spontaneous speaking mode: clear guidelines for comprehension and participation; tasks appropriate for the learners’ cognitive and linguistic level; an emotionally supportive environment formed by rapport among classmates; and instructional aids to increase motivation and willingness to participate.

이 연구는 에치고츠마리 마을을 대상으로 농촌마을에 당대예술을 도입함으로서 활성화 되어지는 과정과 그 결과를 다룬 것이다. 대상지의 고찰과 당대예술의 도입 계기, 마을의 경관요소, 예술제의 계획, 자원의 활용, 예술 도입 후 성과에 대한 데이터를 분석하여 예술이 농촌마을의 발전에 미친 영향과 지속적인 발전 가능성을 규명하였다. 연구를 통해 당대예술을 이용한 농촌경관의 변화가 농촌마을 활성화에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났으며 자연 및 예술의 조화에도 영 향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 논문은 연구의 목적과 배경, 연구의 대상과 방법, 일본 마을의 경관요소 및 에치고츠마리의 분석, 예술제의 계획 및 자원 이용의 상황에 대한 고찰 그리고 연구 결과로 구성되었다. 연구결과 당대예술의 도입이 에치고츠마리 마을에 미친 좋은 영향은 첫째, 경제적인 수익을 높였으며 둘째, 인구 구조가 변화되면서 전통적인 단일 농경구조가 바뀌었고 셋째, 농민들의 생활방식이 변화되어 새로운 문화가치를 형성했으며 예술제가 에치고츠마리의 새로운 문화의 상징이 되었다. 넷째, 마을의 거주환경, 교통, 공공시설 등 생활환경 등이 개선되었으며 다섯째, 마을의 경관요소 및 공간속성에 변화를 가져왔다. 또한 예술 도입을 통해 에치고츠마리 마을이 다시 활성화 된 사례는 최근 사회적으로 문제되는 농촌마을의 발전에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

농진청에서 수행하고 있는 아프리카 국제협력프로그램인KAFACI 사업의 일환으로 우간다 등 8개국에 ‘통일형 다수성벼 품종개발’ 사업을 추진하고 있다. 이를 위해 아프리카에서정상적인 생육과 수량을 나타내는 다수성 통일형 품종인 밀양23호와 아프리카의 재래종인 O. glaberrima를 이용하여 밀양23호의 유전적배경을 보유한 근동질 계통인 BC4F1을 육성하고, 약배양을 통해 유전적 고정계통을 육성하였다. 이 중 50개계통을 우간다에서 생물검정을 실시한 결과, 아프리카에서 문제시되는 Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV), Bacterial LeafStreak(BLS), 흰잎마름병 및 도열병에 복합저항성인 계통으로판명되었다. 특히 RYMV에 대한 저항성은 저항성원이 결여되어 있는 병으로 본 연구를 통해 육성한 계통들은 향후 아프리카에 적응하는 내병성 다수성 품종개발에 유용한 재료를 활용 될 것으로 생각된다.

Medical mushroom, Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii called as “Sanghwang” have cultivated in Korea. PL has been studied extensively for its extraordinary capacity of suppressing cancer or enhancing body immunity. The mycelial materials of PL have mainly been used as research samples worldwide because fruiting bodies was difficult to be artificially cultivated. Alternatively, P. baumii (variety, ‘Jangsu’) have been cultivated in Korea. However, fruiting body morphology of P. baumii is clearly different to that of PL. Generally, Phellinus spp. including P. linteus slowly grow on artificial medium such as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). In contrast, P. baumii strains were rapidly grown on the artificial media when compared to other Phellinus spp. and thus it was considerable that its mycelial growing ability can be acted as a factor for producing fruiting bodies. This study aimed to find Phellinus isolates having high mycelial growth rate. Five Phellinus isolates that show rapid growth rate on YGM medium were selected from 36 Phellinus isolates collected in Korea. They were identified on nucleotide sequences of rDNA-ITS region. Phellinus linteus strain and Phellinus spp. showing mycelial growth rate comparing to P. baumii were characterized on cultural and bioactive characteristics (antioxidant activity and immune activation).