The ovum pick up(OPU) technique can be used to produce embryos after in vitro culture of ovarian oocytes, can be used for early securement for effective herd early proliferation and excellent Hanwoo genetic resources, It is attracting attention as a very important technique for establishing technology. In addition to in vitro culture techniques, the number of oocytes retrieved depends on the environment and timing of the OPU. This study was conducted to compare and examine seasonal effect to the differences in the number of recovered oocytes, recovery rate and embryo development rate using Korean cattle kept in animal genetic resource research center by OPU technique. The grade of COCs was evaluated by microscopic examination. Grade A had 3 or more layers of cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade B had 1~3 layers of cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade C had 1 layers cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade D was denuded oocyte and poor cytoplasm. The recovery rate was 47.8±3.4% in summer (June to August) and 51.6±3.8% in autumn (September to October). The number of oocytes was 5.7±0.6 in summer and 5.2±0.7 in autumn. Oocyte grade A and B was 46.2%±6.3% in summer and 51.1±5.0% in autumn. The cleavage rate was 46.1±7.1% in summer and 65.0±11.3% in autumn. Blastocyst development rate was 19.9±9.4% in summer and 29.0±8.7% in autumn. There was no difference the recovery rate of oocytes and the number of embryos between summer and autumn. Cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of autumn was higher than summer. we will investigate to study the appropriate method for the production of Hanwoo embryos and the systematic comparison.

This study was conducted to investigate effect of feeding beet pulp on reproductive performance, colostrum composition and microbiological characteristics in sows. A total of 12 sows(Landrace×Yorkshire) were randomly allotted three dietary treatments at gestating 90 days. The diets were prepared by adding 0, 5 and 10% of the beet pulp in basal diets. The pigs fed 5% beet pulp showed higher litter size than the 0 and 10% beet pulp treatments, although there was not significant among the treatments. Similarly, birth and 21days weight in piglet were not different among the treatments. In colostrum fat, protein, lactose, citric acid, solid, ffa, true protein were ranged to reference values, but not difference among the treatments. E.coli of feces was lower(P<0.01) in the 5% beet pulp than the 0 and 10% beet pulp treatments. But no effect was observed on Lactobacilli of feces among dietary treatments. These our results indicate the beet pulp has no significant effect of reproductive performance and colostrum composition in sows. But, 5% level beet pulp is effective for reduction of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms.

Mitochondria is energy generating organelle. It synthesizes ATP, which is the essential energy source of many cellular processes. During producing energy, some redox centres leak electrons to oxygen and it is contributory to the reactive oxygen species. Besides, mitochondria have significant functions in metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and fatty acid oxidation. Also mitochondria has importance to the breakdown of the ovarian follicles and could be factor determining oocyte of quality adversely. Increasing evidence shows that the number of mitochondria affect oocyte of developmental competence and maturation detrimentally during aging. Oocyte is the mitochondria-rich cell and enable the organelle to have competence for fertilization and early embryonic development. Occurrence of blastomere depends on distribution change of mitochondria which present in the egg. Lonicera caerulea treatment inhibited ovarian mitochondrial oxidative damage by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, decreasing apoptosis, controlling disintegration of mitochondrial membrane potential and conserving respiratory chain complex activities. The purpose of this study is to identify if mouse accepting treatment with L. caerulea could counter age-induced sterility and ovarian mitochondrial OS in a model organism of ovarian ageing.

Sex hormones including progesterons, androgens, and estrogens are influential in differentiation of ovarian tissues and competence of fertility. These steroid hormones derived from cholesterol are required for cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs) during oocyte maturation. COCs is a total functional and active entity playing a central role in oocyte. Lipid metabolism in the mammalian COCs is controlled by environmental factors. The intracellular cholesterol contents go through remarkable changes. It plays an important part of oocyte developmental competence. However, heat stress affects steroid hormone by decreasing progesterone, estrogen concentrations, and resumption of meiosis in COCs maturation. Reduction of the hormone and meiotic resumption might lead to the decline of ovarian function, follicle maturation, and subsequent embryogenesis. In the same vein, heat stress also influence on germinal vesicle breakdown, lipolytic variations, and loss of the nuclear envelope in the course of maturation of oocytes. In summary, we examined the effects of thermal stress on oocyte maturation through steroid hormone contents of change identifying the molecular mechanisms of lipids metabolism. It may have the solution to further the therapy methods for disorders regarding sterility.

Mammalian oocytes are sensitive to psychological stress at each period of follicular development. Especially, thermal stress interfere with reproductive condition by inducing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). ROS lead to oocyte apoptosis, weakening oocyte quality and lowering the fertilization rate. As a result, the pregnancy rate is lowered, leading to infertility. Thermal stress also seems to influence zygotes through physiological changes in the maternal environment surrounding them. Loss of developmental competence suggests hyperthermia-induced oxidative stress in embryos. Interest in organic Lonicera caerulea berries has increased in recent years. They are abundant in various health-improving materials. Berries that found from natural products can be as free as possible from the bioactive toxicity of the active ingredient without side effects, and it can be a big advantage because it can work. Mammalian oocytes are arrested at the first meiotic prophase stage and get their meiotic competence to produce offspring during the development of follicle. A series of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturations are involved in this process and these vary in temperature sensitivity. Our study demonstrated that L. caerulea can relieve the negative effects of maternal hyperthermia by reducing ROS level at the developmental stage.

Lonicera Caerulea(Honey berry) has been used in medical treatment in Russia, Japan, China and Korea. It has high level of vitamin C and polyphenolics. Polyphenolics can improve anti-inflammatory effect and prevent cancer, diabetes mellitus type 2. Also, Vitamin C is a representative anti- oxidant. however, It is still unknown what effect it will have on the oxidation stress of the reproductive system. In previous studies, ROS can be produced when it is exposed to heat stress and has negative effect on sperm's maturation, capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and fusion of egg and sperm. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L.caerulea on the sperm and egg cells of mice. At first, it conducted using ICR mouse(n=20) during 4 weeks. There are four groups of mouse(n=5 per group). Also, L.caerulea was taken by oral gavage. Group Ⅰ(control) kept at 23℃~27℃ and administer D.W(0.5ml/day), Likewise, Group Ⅱ(HB) kept at room temperature but gave HB(0.5ml/day), Group Ⅲ (HB+HS) received heat stress (40℃) using hyperthermia induction chamber and gave HB at same dose. and Group Ⅳ(HS) exposed heat stress only. Mainly, we showed degree of gene expression using Western blot in SOD, HSP 70, 17β-HSD and Real time PCR. It can find correlation between intracellular activity like steroid hormone, apoptosis under ROS and antioxidant activity of L.caerulea.

Previous studies have shown that Lonicera caerulea has a chemical protective effect. Phenolic and vitamin C contained in Lonicera caerulea prevent cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, lower blood pressure and delay the aging process. However, the antioxidant mechanism of male reproductive system to heat stress is still unknown. Male reproductive system is very sensitive to heat. When scrotum temperature increase, oxidative stress can occur. Oxidative stress affects sperm motility and spermatogenesis, resulting in infertility. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant effect of L. Caerulea in male genitalia by inducing oxidative stress by artificially exposing the testicles to heat at 42 ° C. The experiment was performed by dividing the ICR mouse into four groups. Each group is n = 5. Control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) were oral gavage administered D.W. Honey berry group (HB) and Honeyberry / heat stress group (HB + HS) were oral gavage administered honey berry (250mg / kg / day). HS groups (n=5, per n=5) received heat stress by exposing their lower bodies in the water bath at 42℃ for 30 minutes. We confirmed that there was a significant difference in the motility, morphology and the number of sperms using CASA(computer-assisted semen analysis). Lipid peroxidation assay results showed heat causes oxidative stress in serum. This study is conducting to investigate the antioxidant effect of L. Caerulea. Histologically analyzed the testicular form of each group, the activity level of heat shock protein and the level of reactive oxygen species were measured by Western blot and the level of catalase and HSP-90 was examined by RT-PCR analysis. Thus, studies of testicular morphology, sperm kinetics, hormone levels, heat shock protein expression and antioxidant enzymes under heat stress have shown that L. Caerulea ingestion has Anti-oxidant and thermal protective activity on the testis by heat damage.

Cryopreservation of boar semen is continually researched in reproductive technologies and genetic resource banking in breed conservation. For evaluating the boar semen quality, sperm motility (MOT) is an important parameter because the movement of spermatozoa indicates active metabolism, membrane integrity and fertilizing capacity. Recently, polymorphisms reported to be significant association with sperm MOT. This study was conducted to evaluate the SNP in the coding region of ESR1 (g.672C>T inexon 1) as a positional controlling for motility and kinematic characteristics of post-thawed boar semen. To results,The g.672C>T was significantly associated with frozen semen motility and kinematic characteristics. g.158 T>C SNP was high significantly associated with MOT, VCL, VSL and VAP Also, the SNP was low significantly associated with ALH.Therefore, we suggest that theSNP in the coding region of ESR1 (g.672C>T in exon 1) may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar Post-thawed semen quality.

Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) is involved in oestrogen-related apoptosis in cell cycle spermatogenesis but their effects have not yet confirmed in pig. Therefore, this study was performed to investigatetheir association with semen motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 126 Duroc pigs with records of sperm motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT), Curvilinear velocity(VCL), Straight-line velocity(VSL), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH)] were used in present study. A single nucleotide polymorphism (g.35547A>G) was associated with MOT, VCL, VAP and ALH in Duroc population (p < 0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the porcine ESR2 may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effect was not clear yet. These results will improve the understanding of the functions of the ESR2 in spermatogenesis within the reproductive tracts, and will shed light on ESR2 as a candidate gene in the selection of good sperm quality boars.