Manufactured part based on the drawing must be inspected for quality control. If no restraint note is specified on the drawing, the part should be inspected without any clamping(restraining). However if there is a restraint note, the part is non-rigid part. When inspecting non-rigid parts, there are two areas that need special attention: proper restraining of the part and determining which tolerances are checked in the retrained state. Mounting and restraining the part on the appropriate datum features is the first area. When retraining the part, the only forces that should be used are the ones described in the restraint note. The sequence for applying the restraining force specified on the drawing should be followed. The location, direction and amount of force should be in accordance with the restraint note. Once the part is restrained, the tolerances can be verified. When inspecting non-rigid part, the inspector needs to determine which dimensions and tolerances are to be checked in the retrained state. Careful reading of the restraint note will indicate if all or certain tolerances are to be checked in the restrained condition. Each feature control frame should be examined for the use of free state modifier. If a free state modifier is specified, the geometric control should be inspected with the part in the free state. When inspecting a non-rigid part on a coordinate measuring machine(CMM), fixture and clamp should be used to locate and clamp the part. The fixture will establish the proper part restraint conditions and datums. If a fixture is not used when inspecting non-rigid parts, it will be difficult or impossible repeatable measurements.

First Mover Advantage is already well known. It is when a company gains a position in a certain market or industry, or when it establishes a strong entry barriers through a distribution channel or a monopoly of resources. It is a concept that has been attracting attention for a long time in marketing and strategy. However, although it is possible for the starter to enjoy these various benefits, it is also true that there is a corresponding price. Therefore, the risks and costs that the starter may bear, and thus the relative benefits enjoyed by the latter, can be significant. Late Mover Advantage and so on. The fact that latecomers can enjoy a variety of benefits as well as the profits of the starters is an important consideration that must be taken into account by many companies considering entry into the market. In general, there is a very high risk of overinvestment in technology and market uncertainty. For example, China has skipped wired networks and went wireless, and many African countries have skipped wired communications and built infrastructure for wireless communications. In other words, companies that hastened to invest in fixed-line facilities in order to preoccupy the African telecom market are in a state of failure rather than expecting the interests of the starters. Another thing is that the starter has to bear more risks and costs than the latter, such as the uncertainty of demand, the risk of changing consumer preferences, and the cost of training new consumers. Also, because imitation is generally less costly than development, a latecomer entering through imitation may be in a better position if patents or other technical defenses are not available. Especially, if latecomers have excellent management ability and financial power such as excellent marketing ability, it is relatively easy to catch up with the first candidate.

Net neutrality, which has not been a problem, has recently become a problem for ISPs (Internet Service Providers), and their complaints have been paid by domestic platform companies, but overseas global IT companies such as Google and YouTube, generate huge revenues from domestic markets. In this situation, domestic IT companies claim that it is natural to impose more expensive charges or restrict speed on users who generate huge traffic. On the other side, however, the telecommunication network has become an essential public good that is essential to our everyday life, and because it has been given a monopoly position by a private company to efficiently respond to the explosive demand for telecommunication services, It is necessary to provide equal and universal service and fulfill public duty. In this paper, we deal with the network neutrality problem, focusing on the price elasticity between the CP (Contents Provider) and the ISP, rather than the user who is one side of the two-sided market for the already saturated satellites communication market. We present a game model that determines the optimal price for each platform by Nash equilibrium and analyze how the net neutrality affects CP according to the change of exogenous variables through the proposed game model.

This study conducted to predict the stock market prices based on the assumption that internet news articles might have an impact and effect on the rise and fall of stock market prices. The internet news articles were tested to evaluate the accuracy by comparing predicted values of the actual stock index and the forecasting models of the companies. This paper collected stock news from the internet, and analyzed and identified the relationship with the stock price index. Since the internet news contents consist mainly of unstructured texts, this study used text mining technique and multiple regression analysis technique to analyze news articles. A company H as a representative automobile manufacturing company was selected, and prediction models for the stock price index of company H was presented. Thus two prediction models for forecasting the upturn and decline of H stock index is derived and presented. Among the two prediction models, the error value of the prediction model ① is low, and so the prediction performance of the model ① is relatively better than that of the prediction model ②. As the further research, if the contents of this study are supplemented by real artificial intelligent investment decision system and applied to real investment, more practical research results will be able to be developed.

Defining and measuring non-rigid or flexible parts has been controversial in industry for many years. There are two primary areas of controversy. The first is agreeing on what exactly a non-rigid part is. The second is agreeing on how to define and measure a non-rigid part. The subject of non-rigid parts is further complicated by the brief coverage it receives in the national and international standards. This leaves each company to improvise or create its own rules for non-rigid parts. There are some who believe that Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) should not be used on non-rigid parts. This is not true. The ASME Y14.5M standard applies to rigid parts as a default condition. However, there is no definition given for a rigid part. The term rigid part has been used in industry for so long that it has gained a definition by its general use. When most people in industry say rigid part, they are referring to a part doesn’t move (deform or flex) when a force (including gravity) is applied. How much force is relative based on the part characteristics. In reality, all parts will deform (or flex) if enough force is applied. Using this logic, all parts would be considered non-rigid. However, we all know that this is not how parts are treated in industry. Although GD&T defaults to rigid parts, it should also be used on non-rigid parts with a few special techniques. Actually 50~60% of all products designed contain parts or features on parts that are non-rigid. Therefore, we try to suggest the definitions of rigid and non-rigid parts and method to measure non-rigid parts.

One of the most performed action in daily life is standing up from sitting position. As the population of the world is aging at the high rates, people may face problems with reduced muscle strength as well as psychological changes. This can lead elderly people having difficulties with standing up from chair. Now, with the aging trend worldwide, products are being developed that can support the lives of the elderly. This study examines the distribution of hip pressure in relation to the seating positions of the standing assistance seats under development to prevent standing up accidents in older adults. The currently developing standing assistant chair designed to tilt to a maximum angle of 25 degrees. At over 25°, design considers that older people are at risk of thrown back out of that force and that the forces exerted on their arms and legs can be a significant burden to older people. By considering danger of higher than 25° for older people which is experimented in the basis of static capturing approach in previous papers, it is experimented people with age group of 20~60 on 0° to 25° tilting angle on the basis of dynamic capturing method in order to pick convenient angle of inclination. Moreover, tried to find the optimum angle by comparing the hip pressure distribution when seated at the edge of the seat and at the center of the seat with the pressure distribution sensor.

In this paper, we identify risk factors that are likely to occur during the lifecycle of a new product development (NPD) project from the literatures, and identify the three objectives or three constraints that will ultimately be achieved for project success in the ICT industry : performance (scope/quality), schedule (time), and cost. Firstly, we interviewed the project experts to classify the risk factors according that the final project objectives are changeable based on scope/quality, time and cost budget constraints. Secondly, the survey for pairwise comparisons between the risk factors was asked to the project managers and members who had ever actually participated in the NPD projects of ICT industry to determine the priority ranks on relative importance using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The risk factors negatively affecting the goals of projects were analyzed by using the AHP respectively in four project stages during the life cycle of the project. The comparison of risk factors within each stage is a different approach unlike the literatures which have covered project’s overall risk assessment. There is an advantage that risk management can be effectively performed with priorities according to each stage from the start to the end of the project. In other words, it is necessary to identify what risk factors will occur in each stage, and to have ideas at each stage with the priorities so that they can be mitigated and eliminated before actual occurrence. As a result, risks on scope & quality changes were found to be the most important considerations for initiative stage of NPD projects in the ICT industry, whereas in the final stage, risks on schedule (time) changes were the most important priorities. Among the ICT industry product categories, ‘communication and broadcasting devices’ and ‘IT and communication based devices’ generally have a high priority in terms of risks on scope & quality changes when initiating the project. At the closing stage of the project, however, considering that schedule (time) changeable risk is getting higher, these products tend to target at B2B market rather than B2C because the new products must be delivered and launched in time as customer firm required.

This study aligns with the recent calls in L2 Willingness to Communicate (WTC) research that mark a shift from viewing WTC as a static, trait-like variable to a construct that is dynamic, fluid, and situational. To accomplish this aim, this study collected both interactional and interview data to examine the situational changes of an ESL learner’s WTC. The data was from two courses – one ESL course, and one academic graduate seminar – collected during the participant’s first semester at an American university. The findings show that the participant’s WTC fluctuates according to the course topic, interlocutors, group size, and the anxiety level of the L2 speaker. These findings imply that teachers in L2 classrooms need to take into consideration the various situational factors that promote or inhibit WTC. Other than these pedagogical implications, the study also offers a methodological framework for documenting situational WTC by means of combining interviews with conversation analysis of interactional data.

English has become an important language of science and scholarship due to the globalization and internationalization of higher education. As a result, there has been a rapid increase in English-mediated instruction (EMI) courses across English as a foreign language (EFL) countries. In an expansion of EMI courses, different reactions have arisen among professors between Korean and Nordic higher education contexts. Utilizing both literature search on EMI as well as insights from the researcher’s involvement in EMI projects, this article presents a comparative analysis of EMI between Korean and Nordic universities with the hope that it will contribute to more effective implementation of EMI within EFL universities such as the ones in Korea. The analysis demonstrates that although there are similar concerns about the expansion and implementation of EMI, the two contexts have fundamental differences, including the motivation for the introduction of EMI, linguistic environments, and philosophy of teaching and learning. These factors are intertwined and influence the implementation of EMI in each context. Therefore, in order to implement EMI more successfully in Korean universities, understanding the differences underlying the two contexts is required.

This paper discusses how Western thought would be developed far more with the help of Buddhist philosophy, which pursues the ultimate Truth (窮極 的 眞理) in a direct way. The Chinese characters employed in this paper would make meanings of the words clear. Western metaphysics has been a study of the presence of existence that goes with reason and logic in the dualistic mode of thought (二分法的 思考) with binary opposition, and even the contemporary thought to be called “postmodern ethics” is not fully free from that mode of thought. On the other hand, Buddhism (佛敎) in general has been the religion of “Emptiness”(空) for almost 2,600 years, and especially the philosophy of Mahayana Buddhism (大乘佛敎 哲學) has been “true Emptiness with wondrous movements”(眞空妙有) for about 1,500 years. The true Emptiness has been misunderstood by many Western thinkers with the concept of nihilism. But Emptiness as the ultimate reality transcends (超越) both states of presence and absence and produces both. In this paper, the philosophies of Deleuze and Levinas and affect theory are taken as the supreme examples of contemporary Western thoughts that tries to reach the genuine transcendence that lies beyond/behind/beneath, and also within, phenomena more directly than ever. Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Stevendon’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are discussed as the representative literary works that show Western literature has pursued Emptiness and led readers to it through the moments of the sublime. The sublime seems to be a weak state of Samadhi , the Buddhist way of reaching the perfect Emptiness. Then this paper demonstrates that the Avatamsaka Sutra presents to us the ocean Samadhi penetrates the whole universe or universes where everything happens in terms of cause and effect, sources and consequences. I am convinced that we as Asian scholars should great efforts to present more ideas on the reality of true Emptiness with wondrous move ments(眞空妙有) to Western scholars and people in general.

Microalgae produce not only lipids for biodiesel production but also valuable biochemicals which are often accumulated under cellular stress mediated by certain chemicals. While the microcarriers for the application of drug delivery systems for animal cells are widely studied, their applications into microalgal research or biorefinery are rarely investigated. Here we develope dual-functional magnetic microcapsules which work not only as flocculants for microalgal harvesting but also potentially as microcarriers for the controlled release of target chemicals stimulating microalgae to enhance the accumulation of valuable chemicals. Magnetic microcapsules are synthesized by layer-by-layer(LbL) coating of PSS-PDDA on Fe3O4 nanoparticle-embedded CaCO3 microparticles followed by removing CaCO3 sacrificial templates. The positively charged magnetic microcapsules flocculate microalgae by electrostatic interaction which are sequentially collected by the magnetophoretic separation. The microcapsules with a polycationic outer layer provide efficient binding sites for negatively charged microalgae and by that means are further utilized as a chemical-delivery and flocculation system for microalgal research and biorefineries.

Lee, Kathy. 2018. An Analysis of English Teachers' Metalinguistic Discourse. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2), 195~223. In this paper, I examine an effort by the South Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) called the “Teaching English in English” (TEE) policy, which is still in practice today. In 2001, the MOE enacted TEE to improve the proficiency of Koreans through English instruction, with the implicit acknowledgement that 40 years of traditional teaching methods had not produced competent English users. To understand this policy's implications for teachers, I draw on ethnographic observations and interviews at a government-sponsored center, where Korean teachers of English participated in an intensive English course. Approaching this policy from a language ideological framework, I pay attention to their metalinguistic discourse about English. Analysis of the findings reveals that teachers challenged but also reproduced dominant language ideologies that prevented viewing themselves as legitimate English teachers. Based on these teachers' language ideologies, it is not helpful to view problems in English education as due to teachers' lack of English skills or confidence. The findings illustrate the importance of understanding the social and language practices of the local community when designing a well-informed language policy that can effectively transform language education and challenge ideologies that view Koreans as poor English speakers or English as a language of the Other.

Lee, Josephine. 2018. “Preference Organization as a Characterization Device in TV Sitcoms.” The Sociolinguistics Journal of Korea 26(2), 167~193. This study employs conversation analysis to examine how preference organization is exploited as a characterization device in the American sitcom, The Big Bang Theory. The analysis shows that by enacting exaggerated and overt forms of preferred actions, the relationship and personalities of the main characters are constructed in a particular light. By focusing on dispreferred turns, and especially the violations of them, the analysis also demonstrates that preference organization is used to configure the main characters as “funnily abnormal nerds” while achieving the sitcom's purpose of providing entertainment and humor. These findings shed light on the workings of fictional dialogue and the specific resources used to accomplish different identity displays of sitcom characters.

Many instructors new to teaching English composition at the college level feel frustrated with what to teach and how to teach it. To learn about the context of support for these instructors, this small scale pilot study asked current ESL composition instructors in a large Midwestern research university to respond to a questionnaire aimed at revealing how experienced teachers give advice to new teachers. The participants included 16 experienced English composition instructors— eight teachers with five or fewer years of teaching experience and eight teachers with more than five years of experience. From each open-ended question response, emerging themes were coded and counted; additional data were qualitatively analyzed. Results showed that no differences in the number of themes per response were found between the two groups; however, similarities and differences regarding the orientation and content of advice given were found. Based on what was learned from this study, the researcher discusses how experienced teachers can better mentor new L2 composition teachers.

This study is intended to investigate that it is possible to analyze the public awareness and satisfaction of the weather forecast service provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) through social media data as a way to overcome limitations of the questionnaire-based survey in the previous research. Sentiment analysis and association rule mining were used for Twitter data containing opinions about the weather forecast service. As a result of sentiment analysis, the frequency of negative opinions was very high, about 75%, relative to positive opinions because of the nature of public services. The detailed analysis shows that a large portion of users are dissatisfied with precipitation forecast and that it is needed to analyze the two kinds of error types of the precipitation forecast, namely, ‘False alarm’ and ‘Miss’ in more detail. Therefore, association rule mining was performed on negative tweets for each of these error types. As a result, it was found that a considerable number of complaints occurred when preventive actions were useless because the forecast predicting rain had a ‘False alarm’ error. In addition, this study found that people’s dissatisfaction increased when they experienced inconveniences due to either unpredictable high winds and heavy rains in summer or severe cold in winter, which were missed by weather forecast. This study suggests that the analysis of social media data can provide detailed information about forecast users’ opinion in almost real time, which is impossible through survey or interview.

번 연구의 주된 목적은 예이츠와 엘리엇의 시적 자아가 추구하는 최종 목적(방향)을 찾아보는 것이다. 그 목적에서의 차이를 발견함으로써 시적 자아의 이상향을 찾을 수 있다는 것이 본 연구의 장점이다. 그 결과 예이츠는 시적 자아의 “개인적 해방”을 추구하는가 하면 엘리엇의 경우 “자아비우기”를 통해 절대자 수용을 강조 한다는 점을 알 수 있었다.

이 논문은 사실주의 연극과 예이츠의 관계를 다층적으로 분석하고 조명 한다. 그 시작부터 아일랜드 국립극장은 시적 아름다움과 재현의 충실이라는 상충되는 미학적 가치를 구현하려고 했고, 두 이상 사이에 존재하는 긴장과 모순은 아이러니컬 하게도 애비극장의 발전에 원동력을 제공했다. 예이츠는 사실주의 및 자연주의적 연극에 대해 일관되게 부정적 입장을 취해왔지만 동시에 사실주의의 힘을 간과할 수 없음을 잘 알고 있었다. 평생에 걸친 예이츠의 다양한 극적 실험은 바로 사실주의와의 대치, 협상 및 변형적 수용의 과정으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 논문은 예이츠의 변화하는 연극관을 추적한다. 이를 위해 예이츠의 다양한 비평, 시론, 에세이 등을 바탕으로 중산층과 사실주의, 예이츠와 입센의 관계, 예이츠의 싱 옹호, 국립극장과 시 극의 관계 등을 논의하고 예이츠의 주요 극작품 속에 숨겨져 있는 사실주의적 기법과 요소를 발굴, 포착함으로써 예이츠와 사실주의의 관계를 재조명한다.

시를 읽는 일은 사물을 읽은 일과 같다. 유식과 무식을 떠나 인간은 생존을 위하여 끊임없이 주위의 대상들을 읽어야 한다. 그런데 인간은 사물자체 혹은 본질에 도달하기가 불가능하다. 그리하여 사물자체가 아니라 사물에 대한 의미생산에 그치고 그 의미는 타자들에 의해 상속되고 갱신된다. 따라서 주/객의 일치를 선언한 그리스도를 제외하고 인간사회에서 객관적인 대상으로서의 사물, 사건, 작품에 대한 초월적이고 절대적인 견해는 있을 수 없다. 그러므로 우리는 상대적인 관점에서 사물을 바라봐야 하는 운명을 지니고 때어났다. 항상 밑바닥에서 시작해야하는 시시포스의 운명처럼. 이런 관점에서 읽어본 본 작품의 내용은 영국의 탄압에 직면하여 식민지 아일랜드의 내/외의 비우호적인 상황을 제시하고 있는듯하다.