First Mover Advantage is already well known. It is when a company gains a position in a certain market or industry, or when it establishes a strong entry barriers through a distribution channel or a monopoly of resources. It is a concept that has been attracting attention for a long time in marketing and strategy. However, although it is possible for the starter to enjoy these various benefits, it is also true that there is a corresponding price. Therefore, the risks and costs that the starter may bear, and thus the relative benefits enjoyed by the latter, can be significant. Late Mover Advantage and so on. The fact that latecomers can enjoy a variety of benefits as well as the profits of the starters is an important consideration that must be taken into account by many companies considering entry into the market. In general, there is a very high risk of overinvestment in technology and market uncertainty. For example, China has skipped wired networks and went wireless, and many African countries have skipped wired communications and built infrastructure for wireless communications. In other words, companies that hastened to invest in fixed-line facilities in order to preoccupy the African telecom market are in a state of failure rather than expecting the interests of the starters. Another thing is that the starter has to bear more risks and costs than the latter, such as the uncertainty of demand, the risk of changing consumer preferences, and the cost of training new consumers. Also, because imitation is generally less costly than development, a latecomer entering through imitation may be in a better position if patents or other technical defenses are not available. Especially, if latecomers have excellent management ability and financial power such as excellent marketing ability, it is relatively easy to catch up with the first candidate.

At the Bank of Korea, capital stock statistics were created by the PIM (perpetual inventory method) with fixed capital formation data. Asset classifications also included 2 categories in residential buildings, 4 non-residential buildings, 14 constructions, 9 transportation equipment, 28 machinery, and 2 intangible fixed assets. It is the Korean government accounting system which is developed much with the field of the national accounts including the valuation, but until 2008 it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. Many countries, including Korea, were single-entry bookkeeping, not double-entry bookkeeping which can be aggregated by government accounting standard account. There was no distinction in journaling between revenue and capital expenditure when it was consistent with single-entry bookkeeping. For example, we would like to appropriately divide the past budget accounts and the settlement accounts data that have been spent on dredging into capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. It, then, tries to add the capital expenditure calculated to FCF (fixed capital formation), because revenue expenditure is cost for maintenance etc. This could be a new direction, especially, in the estimation of capital stock by the perpetual inventory method for infrastructure (SOC, social overhead capital). It should also be noted that there are differences not only between capital and income expenditure but also by other factors. How long will this difference be covered by the difference between the ‘new series’ and ‘old series’ methodologies? In addition, there is no large difference between two series by the major asset classification level. If this is treated as a round-off error, this is a problem.

Although the 1997 Raw Data of the National Wealth Statistical Survey (South Korea) is timely 20-year-old data, it is meaningful as a benchmarking in the capital stock estimations of Korea, which is estimated by PIM (permanent inventory method). In the case of machinery/equipment, it is the data that can analyze in depth the changes in the industrial structure of Korea. In the case of ASL (average service life) which has economic concept, since the change of ASL is not so large, ASL yielded by the Raw Data of the 1997 National Wealth Statistical Survey is meaningful as reference value for the ASL estimated by the Bank of Korea and the National Statistical Office. As you know Japan has changed its service life due to changes in its industrial structure. However, many of its assets are still used for the years indicated in Showa (before 1989). The same trend with other countries such as Japan. However, the United States is constantly devoted to assessing the useful ASL and value of assets by distinguishing between the Hulten-Wykoff models and those not. Korea has also benchmarked the useful ASL of the United States and Japan when it conducted its own survey every 10 years by due diligence until 1997. In this study, the ‘constraint’ Iowa curve estimation by the Raw Data of the 1997 National Wealth Statistical Survey is based on the age records of the assets and the maximum age of the assets appropriately derived. And then we made modified Iowa curve by smoothing. From this modified one, we suggested ASL by asset. After 1997, the vintage disposal data directly were collected by the National Statistical Office with Oh Hyun Seung, Cho Jin Hyung, in order to estimate the useful ASL. Since then, the B/S team of the Economic and Statistics Bureau of the Bank of Korea has been working on a new concept of content training.

In this study, a correlation between execution of quality management activities and their results was verified by applying the Malcolm Baldrige model (hereafter referred to as the MB model) as a quality management performance measurement indicator for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Korea. To achieve this goal, we need to determine whether the categorical requirements in the MB model are recognized consistently in SMEs, as a prerequisite. To this end, factor analysis was conducted for measurement variables in each category, which revealed that the process indicator was made up of six factors and the outcome indicator was made up of five factors, like those configured in the MB model. This result can be interpreted to mean that the requirements in each category of the MB model were well produced and recognized consistently throughout SMEs in South Korea. In addition, the analysis of causality between the process indicator (quality management activities) and the outcome indicator (management results) showed high causality between them. Although the quality management levels of SMEs in South Korea are inferior to those of conglomerates or other national quality award-winning companies, this study is significant in that the causality between quality management activities and results was verified, since this study targeted SMEs in South Korea as the target of investigation. Thus, it is empirically proven that the MB model can contribute to improved management results for SMEs in Korea.

In this work, effect of various process-control agents (PCAs) on the mechanical alloying of amorphous alloy of has been investigated. The dependence of the particle shape, size and crystallization behavior of the amorphous alloy powders on the type of PCAs and their concentrations was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the additive of toluene could affect positively the amorphization and thermally induced crystallization processes, as well as the size refinement, morphology and particle-size distribution of as-milled powders in comparison with alloy obtained without PCA.

TiCuNiAl quaternary amorphous alloy was prepared by high-energy ball milling process. A complete amorphization was confirmed for the composition of TiCuNiAl after milling for 30hrs. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a large super-cooled liquid region (T = T T, T and T: glass transition and crystallization onset temperatures, respectively) of 80 K. Prepared amorphous powders of TiCuNiAl were consolidated by spark-plasma sintering. Densification behavior and microstructure changes were investigated. Samples sintered at higher temperature of 713 K had a nearly full density. With increasing the sintering temperature, the compressive strength increased to fracture strength of 756 MPa in the case of sintering at 733 K, which showed a 'transparticle' fracture. The samples sintered at above 693 K showed the elongation maximum above 2%.

쇠파리의 실내 대량사육을 위한 시험에서 산란전기간을 단축 시킴으로써 사충율을 저하시키며 누대사육에 의한 위소현상을 조사하기 위해 각 세대별 용중량의 차이를 조사 하였으며 쇠파리는 성충기 이외에는 자웅구별이 불가능하므로 용중량에 의한 성구별을 시도한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 유충 media로부터 용을 분리할 때 사용하는 물을 약 로 가온하여 용을 채취한 결과 산란전기간이 8일로 단축되었다. 2) 누대사육에 의한 세대별 위소현상 조사에서 명세대별 용중량차이에는 유의성이 없었으며 사육온도에 따라서 많은 차이를 보였다. 3) 용중량의 차이에 의한 성구별은 약 의 웅충구별이 가능하였다

수도 여절편의 단백질함량 감소는 KCI처리에 의해 촉진된다. 본 연구는 KCI이 증가 시키는 단백질 분해작용을 더욱 촉진시키기 위한 시도의 하나로 GA3 와 ABA를 KCI과 혼합처리한 다음, 이들이 노화엽의 단백질 분해작용을 조절하는 기작을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 파종후 16～18일된 실행의 제2본엽을 5cm 길이로 잘라 test 용액에 배양하는 8일간 단백질, aminotks, 흡수량, 단백질 분해효소의 활성과 단백질 분해산물인 aminotks의 유출량 변화 드을 조사하였다. 1. GA3 단독처리는 잎의 단백질 감소에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았고, KCI과 혼합처리되어도 KCI 단독처리와 비교할 때 유의적인 변화를 유기하지 않았다. 그러나 ABA 단독처리는 단백질분해, amino산의 유출 및 endoproteinase 활성을 현저히 증가시켰고, ABA와 KCI의 혼합처리는 이들의 증가에 상조적이었다. 2. KCI은 Rubisco를 분해하는 exoproteinases의 활성을 감소시키는데 반해 GA3 나 ABA 첨가는 모두 이의 감소를 완화시키는 효과가 있었다. 그러나 KCI이 처리된 잎의 endoproteinase 활성은 ABA와의 혼합처리에 의해서만 상조적인 증가를 나타내어 이러한 효과가 없는 GA3 와는 그 기능이 대조적이었다. 3. 배양기간중 잎의 흡수량이 낮을수록 단백질 감소량이 많고 그 속도도 빨랐다. ABA와 KCI의 혼합처리로 단백질이 가장 많이 감소하였던 잎의 흡수량이 가장 낮아, 단백질 분해작용과 흡수률 사이에 깊은 관련이 있음을 시사하였다. 4. 따라서 KCI에 의한 수도 엽절편의 단백질분해촉진은 endoproteinases 활성과 감소 등에 그 원인이 있고, ABA는 이러한 변화에 상조적으로 작용하나 GA3 는 큰 영향이 없음을 알 수 있었다.다.e 및 free fatty acid) 는 13.3～17.4%로 나타났다.로 빠른 시일에 집중적인 연구가 필요하다고 본다.다. 4. 저온저장(4℃ , RH 50%)한 벼는 2년반 저장한 벼도 밥맛의 변화가 거의 없었다. 5. 1988년산 및 1989년산 일반계를 10분도와 12분도로 도정하였을 때 도정도에 따른 밥맛의 차이는 없었다.X>CoOx는 Co3O4 로 존재하고, 반응 전의 경우에는 이와는 다른 chemical state를 보여주었다. XRD 및 XPS 결과를 바탕으로, 촉매표면에 존재하는 Co3O4 의 외부표면이 Co2TiO4 와 CoTiO3 같은 CoTiOx 로 encapsulation되어 있는 모델구조를 제안할 수 있고, 이는 반응시간의 함수로 나타나는 촉매활성에 있어서 전이영역의 존재를 잘 설명할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, XRD와 XPS에서 얻어진 촉매의 물리화학적인 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있다. 나타냈고, 골격근과 눈 조직에서 피루브산에 대한 LDH의 친화력이 상당히 크므로 LDH가 혐기적 조건에서 효율적으로 기능을 하는 것으로 사료된다.5) and "Cleanliness of clothes ＆ features" (p ＜0.05) of VIP ward were significantly higher than those of a general ward.tive to apply.아울러 고려(考慮)해야 한다. 이것은 고무기술자(技術者)가 당면(當面)해야할 과제(課題)에 속(屬)하며 바람직 한것은 본장(本章)의 내용(內容)이 여러 상황하(狀況下)에서 당면(當面)한 문제(問題)에 대(對)해 어떻게 대처(對處)해 야 할지를 모르는 여러 기술자(技術者)들에게 도움이 되었으면 하는 것이다. 얻어짐을 알았다. 여기서의 합성분말을