The selection of topics to be included in the long-term program of work is a part of the working methods of the International Law Commission. A good selection of topics provides a good start to the Commission’s work and fulfills its double function of the progressive development and codification of international law. The process of selecting works for the longterm program of work now faces numerous challenges such as the appearance of new areas of international law and the increased engagement of States and international organizations in the preparation of new conventions outside the Commission’s channel. The challenges call for further improvement of criteria for the selection of works to preserve and enhance the quality of the Commission’s work. This article will briefly highlight the process of the selection of works in the Commission’s history and focus on the implementation of criteria for the selection of topics used during various times, and their advantages and limitations.

This study aimed to enhance the operational efficiency and safety of offshore eel trap fisheries by developing six types of automated fishing equipment: a bait crusher, bait cutter, main line arranging device, trap cleaning device, eel sorting device, and fish pump system. Sea trials demonstrated that the bait crusher and bait cutter significantly reduced manual labor and processing time while maintaining bait quality. The main line arranging device improved productivity and safety by automating the sorting of looped cords. The trap cleaning device effectively removed fouling organisms using high-pressure water and rotating brushes. The eel sorting device enabled automatic size-based selection, improving resource management and operational efficiency. The fish pump system transferred eels rapidly with minimal physical damage, reducing unloading time by over 80% and decreasing labor requirements. A satisfaction survey of fishery participants confirmed that all developed devices were highly effective in reducing workload, enhancing safety, and improving operational performance. The automated equipment developed in this study is expected to contribute to the sustainable management of offshore eel trap fisheries and to offer potential applicability to other coastal and offshore fisheries.

This study examined the offshore eel trap fishing process using one year of fishing logs and fishermen’s insights to identify key operational challenges and propose equipment improvement for greater efficiency and safety. Conger eel catches varied significantly by season, depth, and temperature, peaking in winter at 85–90 m and 23°C. The western waters of Jeju Island were identified as a major fishing ground, with the highest catch recorded in November and the lowest in July, reflecting seasonal trends. Each fishing operation deployed about 10,000 traps, with an average loss of 38 traps, posing economic concerns. The process involved intensive manual labor in bait preparation, trap retrieval, catch separation, line loading, and unloading, leading to high physical demands and safety risks. To address these issues, the study proposed automation through the development of a line loading device, trap cleaning device, bait processing machine, and automatic catch separator. These innovations could reduce the labor force required by one to two workers per process, alleviate workloads, and enhance resource management. By integrating quantitative logbook analysis with field-based knowledge, this study offers practical value. Further research is recommended on automation development, cost-effectiveness, and field validation to support safer and more sustainable eel trap fisheries.

21세기에 태어난 최초의 세대인 알파세대(Generation Alpha)는 디지털 네이티브로서 스마트 기기, 소셜 미디어, 인공지능(AI) 등의 신기술 과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다. 본 연구는 알파세대의 특성과 이들이 처한 기술적 환경을 분석하고, 이들에게 효과적으로 복음을 전하기 위한 전략을 탐색한다. 알파세대는 출생부터 스마트폰, 태블릿, 인공지능 스피커 등과 함께 성장했으며, 소셜 미디어를 통해 정보 습득과 소통을 자연스럽게 익힌다. 이들은 글로벌 감각이 뛰어나며, 빠른 정보 소비와 시각적·경험적 학습을 선호하는 특징을 가진다. 그러나 기술 의존도가 높은 만큼 정보 과부하, 짧아진 집중력, 영적 관심 저하, 디지털 우상화 등의 위험에도 직면해 있다. 이러한 변화 속에서 전통적인 복음 전도 방식만으로는 알파세 대의 신앙 형성이 어렵기 때문에, 본 연구는 인공지능(AI), 빅데이터, 가상현실(VR), 증강현실(AR) 등의 기술을 활용한 맞춤형 전도 전략을 제안한다. 이를 통해 알파세대가 복음을 직관적으로 경험하고 능동적으로 참여할 수 있도록 돕는 새로운 복음 전도 모델을 제시하며, 한국 교회의 미래 선교 방향성을 제안하고자 한다.

Recent global efforts to combat climate change have accelerated, with nations adopting carbon strategies such as carbon taxes and emission trading system (ETS) to support their net-zero commitments. These initiatives enable governments to enforce mitigation while maintaining their dual goal of fostering economic growth. Vietnam, a developing country, has emerged as a proactive participant by launching a national ETS, drawing from international best practices and domestic geographical advantages. This article examines the process and challenges involved in designing and implementing an ETS in Vietnam, exploring the necessary policy frameworks, institutional structures, and market mechanisms. It highlights key considerations such as the selection of sectors and entities to be covered, the allocation of emission allowances, and the establishment of new market management solutions. This article concludes with strategic recommendations to support the development of a successful and sustainable ETS mechanism in developing country like Vietnam.

The development of offshore wind energy plays a pivotal role in Taiwan’s transition to a lowcarbon economy. To secure the profits of substantial investments in offshore wind energy, long-term contracts are essential. However, supervening incidents could halt, damage, or destroy offshore wind projects. Force majeure clauses serve as a preventive mechanism to address these unforeseen risks. Despite their significance, contract drafters often overlook the importance of force majeure clauses. This article contends that offshore wind developers and the Taiwanese government should collaborate as partners to carefully draft force majeure clauses in offshore wind contracts, ensuring proper allocation of unforeseen risks. By examining the concept of force majeure under the CISG and Taiwanese law, this article proposes fundamental elements and a model clause for force majeure in offshore wind contracts.

본 연구는 베트남 대학생들의 한국 문화에 대한 인식 조사를 바탕으로 한국어 및 한국 문화 교육의 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 한류의 영향을 받은 한국 문화에 대한 인식을 살펴보기 위해, 중·고등학교 시절 한류를 처음 접한 다낭 외국어대학 한국어문화학부 학생 140명을 대상으로 설 문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과, 베트남 대학에서 한국어문화를 전공하는 학생들은 한류의 영향을 받아 한국에 관한 관심이 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 베트남 청년들이 한국어를 전 공으로 선택한 후에도 한국에 관한 관심과 애정은 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 한류의 영 향으로 베트남 학생들은 주로 K-pop 밴드와 아이돌을 통해 한국 문화를 인식하는 것으로 나타났 으며, 이는 한국의 하위문화 관련 인식이 대중음악과 드라마에 치우쳐 있음을 시사한다. 베트남 대학생들의 한류에 대한 인식은 내재적 동기에서 외재적 동기로 전환되는 과정에서 내재화와 통 합의 특징을 보였다. 이러한 탐색을 통해 우리는 세 가지 제안을 도출했다. 문화적, 경제적 환경 조성을 위한 공존 전략 측면, 한국 하위문화 확산에 대한 대처 전략 측면, 그리고 베트남 내 한국 어 교육 시스템 구축 측면이다.

As digital transformation accelerates, platform business has become a core business model in modern society. Platform business has a network effect where the winner takes all. For this reason, it is crucial for a company's pricing policy to attract as many customers as possible in the early stages of business. Telecommunication service companies are experiencing stagnant growth due to the saturation of the smartphone market and intensifying competition in rates, but the burden of maintaining communication networks is increasing due to the rapid increase in traffic caused by domestic and foreign CSPs. This study aims to understand the dynamic characteristics of the telecommunications market by focusing on pricing policy. To this end, we analyzed how ISPs, CSPs, and consumers react to changes in pricing policy based on the prisoner's dilemma theory. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the market was conducted through simulation using the Agent-Based Model.