본 연구는 공원자산을 활용한 공원재정비에 의한 공간구성의 변화가 이용형태 및 이용만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하여, 향후 한국의 도시공원의 재정비사업의 계획론적인 관점에서의 방향성을 제시하기 위해, 요코하마시 카나자와구의 토미오카 no.5 공원의 재정비사례를 대상으로 2회의 걸친 공원 이용자 설문지 조사와 지역주민, 행정 담당자, 재정비공원 설계자를 대상으로 청취 조사를 실시하였다. 조사를 통해 확인 된 결과를 분석하여 향후 한국의 도시공원 재정비사업의 방향성에 대해 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다.첫째, 향후 공원재정비 사업의 적극적인 추진이 예측되는 한국에 있어서 공원자산에 관한 이용자의 인식도조사를 통해 파악된 공원자산을, 적극적으로 보존 및 활용한 재정비 수법은 공원의 평가와 만족도향상에 유효하며, 공원 자산을 파악하기 위해 이용자에 대한 인식도 조사가 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 재정비를 위한 주민설명회에서 확인 된 공원에 대한 지역주민의 요구와 지자체의 공원재정비의 목적과 과제의 파악을 통해, 이에 맞춰 명확한 설계의도를 설정하는 것은 이용자 만족도 향상에 효과적인 재정비 사업의 프로세스라고 볼 수 있으며, 재정비를 포함한 도시공원정비 사업추진에 시민참여가 활발히 이루어지고 있는 한국에 시사하는 바가 크다고 볼 수 있다.

The objective of this study is to analyse the dynamic stable and unstable behaviours of a space truss using an accurate solution obtained by the high-order Taylor method. Because numerical solutions can lead to incorrect analyses in the case of a space truss model due to the being parameters large, we analyse the solution’s behaviour using essentially an analytical solution obtained by the multi-step high-order Taylor method. In detail, the dynamic instability and buckling characteristics of the SDOF model under step, sinusoidal and beating excitations are investigated.

The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of male sexual disorders in Asian countries. Recently, there are some reports about the effects of the clove on reproductive activities in mammals. Therefore, its effect on testicular function was examined in male golden hamsters whose reproductive activity is inhibited by photoperiod such as winter climate. The male animals were given by daily oral administrations (56 consecutive days) in three doses (4 mg, 20 mg, and 100 mg/kg BW) of the alcoholic extract of the clove. Generally lower dose (4 mg) of the extract continued to keep the reproductive activities of testes. The both middle and high doses (20 mg and 100 mg) of the extract completely inhibited the testicular activity in some animals. Taken together, these results suggest a possible biphasic action of alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on testicular function.

Three species of Nortamea concinua (NC) and Haliotis discus hannai (HDH) from Tongyeong and Sulculus diversicolor supertexta (SDS) are widely distributed on the coast of the Yellow Sea, southern sea and Jeju Island in the Korean Peninsula under the innate ecosystem. There is a need to understand the genetic traits and composition of three mollusk species in order to evaluate exactly the patent genetic effect. PCR analysis was performed on DNA samples extracted from a total of 21 individuals using seven decamer oligonucleotides primers. Seven primers were shown to generate the unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the three species which could be clearly scored. A hierarchical clustering tree was constructed using similarity matrices to generate a dendrogram, which was facilitated by the Systat version 10. 236 specific loci, with an average of 56.3 per primer, were identified in the NC species. 142 specific loci, with an average of 44.7 per primer, were identified in the HDH species. Especially, 126 numbers of shared loci by the three species, with an average of 18 per primer, were observed among the three species. Especially, the decamer primer BION-75 generated 7 unique loci to each species, which were identifying each species, in 700 bp NC species. Interestingly, the primer BION-50detected 42 shared loci by the three species, major and/or minor fragments of sizes 100 bp and 150 bp, respectively, which were identical in all samples. As regards average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from HDH species (0.772) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from NC species (0.655). In this study, the dendrogram obtained by the seven decamer primers indicates three genetic clusters: cluster 1 (CONCINNA 01CONCINNA 07), cluster 2 (HANNAI 08HANNAI 14), cluster 3 (SUPERTEXTA 15 SUPERTEXTA 21). Comparatively, individuals of HDH species were fairly closely related to that of SDS species, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of genetic distances.

This study is conducted to monitor the morphological developmental features of the egg development, larvae and juvenile of Epinephelus septemfasciatus, the fertilized eggs were gotton using artificial insemination. Matured parents are collected from marine caged fish farms in Geomun-ri, Samsan-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo Korea in June 2012. The fertilized eggs were pelagic eggs containing one oil globule, and measured 0.81~0.89 mm (0.85±0.04 mm, n=50) in diameter. In regard to rearing environment, the water temperature is 21.0~23.0℃ and the salinity is 32.0~33.2‰. Hatching was observed from 48 hours after fertilization, the mouth and anus of prelarvae was not opened but had egg yolk at newly hatched. 4 days after hatching, the mouth and anus of postlarvae was opened and began to eat Rotifer and was measured 2.40~2.49 mm (2.45±0.03 mm n=10) in total length. 12 days after hatching, postlarvae was measured 3.77~4.67 mm (4.27±0.33 mm) in total length, its the second pole tide of dorsal fin and the first pole tide of pelvic fin was extended longitudinally. 71 days after hatching, juvenile was measured 40.5~45.4 mm (42.6±2.04 mm) in total length. Seven bands were observed in body, and pole tides of dorsal and pelvic fins were shortened.

Early growth response 1 (Egr1) is a zinc-finger transcription factor to direct second-wave gene expression leading to cell growth, differentiation and/or apoptosis. While it is well-known that Egr1 controls transcription of an array of targets in various cell types, downstream target gene(s) whose transcription is regulated by Egr1 in the uterus has not been identified yet. Thus, we have tried to identify a list of potential target genes of Egr1 in the uterus by performing multi-step in silico promoter analyses. Analyses of mRNA microarray data provided a cohort of genes (102 genes) which were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the uterus between Egr1(+/+) and Egr1(–/–) mice. In mice, the frequency of putative EGR1 binding sites (EBS) in the promoter of DEGs is significantly higher than that of randomly selected non-DEGs, although it is not correlated with expression levels of DEGs. Furthermore, EBS are considerably enriched within –500 bp of DEG’s promoters. Comparative analyses for EBS of DEGs with the promoters of other species provided power to distinguish DEGs with higher probability as EGR1 direct target genes. Eleven EBS in the promoters of 9 genes among analyzed DEGs are conserved between various species including human. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that analyses of mRNA expression profiles followed by two-step in silico analyses could provide a list of putative Egr1 direct target genes in the uterus where any known direct target genes are yet reported for further functional studies.

Purpose - This study aims to examine the incremental information content of cash flw from operations and earnings in the Iranian capital market. Design, methodology, and approach - Based on market-based accounting research, this study uses statistical associations between accounting data (earnings and cash flw) and stock returns to assess/measure the incremental information content (value relevance) of cash flw and earnings. A multivariate regression model based on panel data is used to examine the incremental information content of earnings and cash flow from operations. Results - The results show that both earnings and cash flow from operations have incremental information content beyond each other. These results are consistent with the findings of recent studies. Overall, the fidings of this study support the usefulness of cash flw information in addition to earnings, in fim valuation by investors in the Iranian market. Conclusions - The study makes the following contributions to the Iranian literature on incremental information content of cash flw and earnings. First, this study employs actual cash flw data derived from cash flw statements. Second, this study employs a large sample size for a more recent period.

A package of space science instruments, dubbed the Instruments for the Study of Space Storms (ISSS), is proposed for the Next Generation Small Satellite-1 (NEXTSat-1), which is scheduled for launch in May 2016. This paper describes the instrument designs and science missions of the ISSS. The ISSS configuration in NEXTSat-1 is as follows: the space radiation monitoring instruments consist of medium energy particle detector (MEPD) and high energy particle detector (HEPD); the space plasma instruments consist of a Langmuir probe (LP), a retarding potential analyzer (RPA), and an ion drift meter (IDM). The space radiation monitoring instruments (MEPD and HEPD) measure electrons and protons in parallel and perpendicular directions to the geomagnetic field in the sub-auroral region, and they have a minimum time resolution of 50 msec for locating the region of the particle interactions with whistler mode waves and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. The MEPD measures electrons and protons with energies of tens of keV to ~400 keV, and the HEPD measures electrons with energies of ~100 keV to > ~1 MeV and protons with energies of ~10 MeV. The space plasma instruments (LP, RPA, and IDM) observe irregularities in the low altitude ionosphere, and the results will be compared with the scintillations of the GPS signals. In particular, the LP is designed to have a sampling rate of 50 Hz in order to detect these small-scale irregularities.

The next generation small satellite-1 (NEXTSat-1) program has been kicked off in 2012, and it will be launched in 2016 for the science missions and the verification of space core technologies. The payloads for these science missions are the Instrument for the Study of Space Storms (ISSS) and NIR Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history (NISS). The ISSS and the NISS have been developed by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI) respectively. The ISSS detects plasma densities and particle fluxes of 10 MeV energy range near the Earth and the NISS uses spectrometer. In order to verify the spacecraft core technologies in the space, the total of 7 space core technologies (SCT) will be applied to the NEXTSat-1 for space verification and those are under development. Thus, the operation modes for the ISSS and the NISS for space science missions and 7 SCTs for technology missions are analyzed for the required operation time during the NEXTSat-1’s mission life time of 2 years. In this paper, the operational concept of the NEXTSat-1’s science missions as well as the verification of space core technologies are presented considering constraints of volume, mass, and power after launch.

The Earth is not perfectly spherical and its rotational axis is not fixed in space, and these geophysical and kinematic irregularities work as dominant perturbations in satellite orbit propagation. The International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) provides the Conventions as guidelines for using the Earth’s model and the reference time and coordinate systems defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). These guidelines are directly applied to model orbital dynamics of Earth satellites. In the present work, the effects of the latest conventions released in 2010 on orbit propagation are investigated by comparison with cases of applying the previous guidelines, IERS Conventions (2003). All seven major updates are tested, i.e., for the models of the precession/nutation, the geopotential, the ocean tides, the ocean pole tides, the free core nutation, the polar motion, and the solar system ephemeris. The resultant position differences for one week of orbit propagation range from tens of meters for the geopotential model change from EGM96 to EGM2008 to a few mm for the precession/nutation model change from IAU2000 to IAU2006. The along-track differences vary secularly while the cross-track components show periodic variation. However, the radial-track position differences are very small compared with the other components in all cases. These phenomena reflect the variation of the ascending node and the argument of latitude. The reason is that the changed models tested in the current study can be regarded as small fluctuations of the geopotential model from the point of view of orbital dynamics. The ascending node and the argument of latitude are more sensitive to the geopotential than the other elements. This study contributes to understanding of the relation between the Earth’s geophysical properties and orbital motion of satellites as well as satellite-based observations.

본 연구는 1999년 헝가리에서 수집한 고추 유전자원 35점을 평가하여 원예적 형질을 조사하고 유용한 자원을 선발하고자 실시하였다. 한국시판 대비 품종 ‘금당’과 ‘슈퍼비가림’과 비교했을 때 개화소요일은 거의 유사하였으며, 초장은 한국 품종이 평균 163cm이었으나 헝가리 자원은 133cm로 작게 조사되었다. 과형은 한국 품종과 유사한 sweet banana형이 83%로 가장 많았고, 소형은 cherry형이 14%였다. 과중은 대체로 한국 품종 25g에 비해 무거워 평균 34.7g이었다. ASTA 값은 100이상이 9자원이었으며, 당함량은 15% 이상이 4자원이었다. Capsaicinoids 함량은 10mg% 이하인 자원이 69%, 10~40mg%가 17%, 40mg% 이상은 14%로 대부분 매운맛 성분이 적은 자원이었다.

With the increase in damage by typhoon, localized heavy rain and flash flood, there is active research on the application of radar rainfall data. The ability to indicate spatial rainfall distribution and variability in rainfall in ungaged basin is beneficial for disaster prevention and for hydrology field. But hands-on staff and researchers in the field of hydrology and disaster prevention, who first use radar data, experience trials and errors converting radar data in an UF format and calibrating radar data using gauge rainfall, and have a lot of difficulties until they use radar data. Accordingly, this study developed a program for analysis and calibration of radar data and reviewed the applicability in order to satisfy the need of tool to use radar data more easily and accurately. The program consists of configuration, execution, radar data display(PPI/CAPPI) and radar data calibration.In this study, data produced by the developed program was directly applied to the rainfall-runoff model, and the result was compared and was considered to verify the applicability of the program. As a result, using the program reduced the time required for constructing data and analyzing basins, and it is thought that this program will be helpful providing that flash flood and urban flood are brought about in a short time. Furthermore, it can be used in predicting and forecasting flood in the field of hydrology and disaster prevention by expanding the program for rainfall forecast data in the future

The fermented food Shindari is a low-alcohol drink that is indigenous to Jeju island, South Korea. In this study,the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Shindari was determined using a culture-dependent method. LAB were culti-vated from Shindari samples using two different LAB culture media. Twenty-seven strains were randomly selected and iden-tified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The identified LAB strains comprised 6 species within the Enterococcus,Lactobacillus and Pediococcus genera. Five of the species, namely Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. plan-tarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and P. acidilactici were isolated from MRS medium, while 1 species, L. pentosus, was iso-lated from Rogosa medium. Most of the isolated strains were identified as members of the genus Lactobacillus (78%). Thisstudy provides basic microbiological information on the diversity of LAB and provides insight into the ecological roles ofLAB in Shindari.

service advertising (PSA) and commercial advertisements on consumers' social and emotional values. Specifically, we include source credibility on advertising models as a mediating variable to compare the path difference between the social and emotional value of consumers, and to test the appropriateness of advertising expenses. Research design, data, and methodology – A total of 219 copies of effective questionnaires were used and methodologies such as Cronbach’s alpha, paired samples t-test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted. Results – The results showed that the consumer model was effective at PSA, while celebrities and CEOs were effective at commercial advertising. Further, only credibility (among source credibility) made a significant difference in the test of PSA models of both PSA and commercial advertising that consumers preferred. Conclusions – The advertising model types varied depending on advertising types (for example, PSA and commercial advertising). Therefore, celebrities and CEOs appearing in commercial advertising should have no ethical or moral defect by self-control, and marketers should elect the model considering such a fact.

Purpose – This study examines the relationship between organizational justice and employee job satisfaction and the extent of its moderation by perceived alternative job opportunities. Research design, data, and methodology – This is a cross-sectional study utilizing survey questionnaire data from 220 bank employees, which included scales measuring organizational justice, job satisfaction, and perceived alternative job opportunities. Results – The data is analyzed using correlation and hierarchical regression. Results demonstrated that organizational justice has a direct positive impact on employee job satisfaction further, distributive justice explains more variance in job satisfaction, followed by procedural justice and interactive justice. Perceived alternative job opportunities moderate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Conclusions – Generally, organizational justice increases bank employees’ job satisfaction; however, when they perceived more job opportunities, their job dissatisfaction increased notwithstanding fairness. Therefore, perceived job opportunities moderate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Retaining skilled employees has become difficult, especially when there is market demand for skilled workers. Human resource (HR) managers should consider market situations before formulating policies; otherwise, they may lose the competitive advantage of skilled employees and workers.

In this study, AHP analysis was conducted through a survey that was organized by 9 job categories. The results show that sustainable operation risks have the highest priority level among all criteria with management interest having the highest priority level within sustainable operation risks related attributes. The most important risk attributes among stakeholder risks appeared to be asset security and cargo and conveyance security, with education and training being the most important among regulatory risks. Effective management and response to the risks from export controls on strategic trade require an understanding of supply chain security and compliance programs, effective training programs, investments for development of security systems that meet international standards. In addition, the government needs to focus on developing professionals and providing support for companies with compliance programs, working closely with businesses.

본 연구는 도시공원의 이용 편의성을 촉진시키기 위한 공원시설의 베리어 프리화 정비 효과 검증 및 방향성을 제시하기 위해 일본 도시 공원 가이드라인의 기준에 의해 설계·시공된 공원의 실제 공원 이용자들 이용 평가 및 의식조사를 실시하였다. 조사를 통해 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 및 제안 사항을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 구체적인 기준을 갖고 실시한 공원 시설의 베리어 프리화 정비는 이용 편의성 향상이라는 효과가 있지만 똑같은 기준을 모든 공원에 적용하기 보다는 공원의 특성과 인근 주민의 속성 등, 예상되는 이용자의 이용행태에 맞게 정비하는 것이 이용자의 편의성을 높이는데 유효하다. 둘째 가이드라인의 대상외인 유구도 가이드라인의 대상 시설에 포함시켜 이용자의 이용 행태 및 특성을 고려해 시설물을 배치할 필요가 있다. 설계 시공에 관한 기준뿐만 아니라 유지관리에 관한 매뉴얼을 가이드라인에 추가할 필요가 있다. 공원 내부 시설 이용에 필요한 정보 내용 및 이를 효과적으로 전달 할 수 있는 기준마련이 필요하다.

Morphological changes in the reared rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, from hatching to six days after hatching were examined during the early growth stage under starvation. All the larvae died within five days when feeding was delayed for three days after hatching. These results imply that initial larval food should be supplied within two days of hatching. Changes in the pectoral angle and the ratios of eye height to head height, gut height to standard length, and gut height to myotome height in the rock bream are alternative indicators for the identification of starving fish. These indicators might prove useful in evaluating the successful transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding in this species.