Rotylenchus pini Mamiya, 1968 was reported from rhizospheric soils of Zoysia japonica in Korea. Females and males of the characterized population conform to the original species description from Japan and also to other subsequent species descriptions with variations in a few details in morphometrics including the existence of pharyngeal gland overlap in some specimen. Bayesian analysis of all the three DNA markers consistently grouped R. pini together with Rotylenchus species including R. zhongshanensis, a morphologically close species. Additionally, the newly obtained sequences of R. pini were found to be almost identical to the sequences assigned to Rotylenchus aff. devonensis in GenBank. These Rotylenchus aff. devonensis isolates might be representatives of R. pini populations. The current and previous phylogenetic studies supported by the recorded morphological plasticity within populations of the genus validate the proposed synonymy of Pararotylenchus with Rotylenchus.

The objective of this study was to explore the symbolism associated with phoenix patterns in China and the temporal aesthetic characteristics of these patterns found in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. The study involved collecting examples of clothing designs featuring phoenix patterns from China Fashion Week and the Vogue website, spanning from spring and summer of 2016 to fall and winter of 2022. After collecting and organizing these examples, representative cases were selected for analysis. The objective was to identify effective techniques for incorporating phoenix patterns within the context of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and provided insights for future clothing design and textile pattern design research. Phoenix patterns boasted a lengthy history and were laden with symbolic meaning. Early renditions of phoenix patterns found at Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang were relatively simplistic in design, mainly employing elements like rhythm, coordination, balance and symmetry to convey a sense of nature and gravity. Over time, these patterns evolved under the influence of the prevailing cultural backdrop, employing repeated emphasis to portray notions of abundance and tenacity. Furthermore, regarding the use of phoenix patterns in clothing, there were four prevalent expression techniques: embroidery, beading, printing, and knitting. Traditional techniques like embroidery and beadwork often prioritized aesthetic features like coordination, emphasis, and symmetry, thereby showcasing the opulent characteristics of phoenix patterns. On the other hand, printing and knitting techniques used a single phoenix pattern or a modified version to simplify designs by emphasizing or repeating aesthetic characteristics while adhering to a modern artistic approach.

This paper explores the relationships of various cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioural responses of e-discount sales promotion technique preferences consumers have when making purchases through online food delivery services (OFDS). This paper highlights new findings towards expanding e-discount and sales promotion literature and thus provide relevant implications.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, yet little is known about how consumers experience and make decisions regarding follow-up care with medical AI. We take an interdisciplinary approach combining behavioral research and neuroscience to examine how anthropomorphism and personalization influence well-being and follow-up decisions. Study 1 found that consumers felt well-being after interacting with a highly personalized interaction, whether human or AI doctor. However, they preferred follow-up visits with the human doctor. Empathy mediated these effects. Study 2 used fMRI to show that the anterior cingulate cortex had greater activation when interacting with the human doctor, indicating more emotional processing and conflict resolution. These findings suggest that medical AI cannot currently replace human doctors, who remain vital for actual medical consultations and treatment. However, consumers viewed AI doctors positively and expressed a belief that AI will enhance well-being. By integrating neuroscience, this research provides biological evidence complementing behavioral findings.

본 글은 세계선교와 전도위원회(CWME, 전 국제선교협의회IMC)와 한국교회 간의 1921년에서 2021년까지 관계성에 관한 연구이다. 국제선교 협의회가 1921년 레이크 몽크(Lake Mohonk)에서 창립된 이래 2021년이 바로 백 주년이 되었다. IMC가 1961년 WCC에 합병되는 시기를 기준으로 두 부분으로 나누어볼 수 있다. 첫째, 1921-1961시기에는 레이크 몽크 IMC(1921), 예루살렘IMC(1928), 탐바람IMC(1938), 휘트비IMC(1947), 빌링겐IMC(1952), 아치모타IMC(1957/8) 그리고 뉴델리WCC(1961)이 다. 두 번째 시기인 1963-2021에는 멕시코CWME (1963), 방콕CWME (1972/3), 멜버른CWME(1980), 산 안토니오 CWME(1989), 살바도르 CWME (1996), 아덴CWME(2005), 그리고 아루샤CWME(2018). 대회가 있었다. 1세기 동안의 한국교회와 IMC/CWME 관계 속에서 모교회와 신생교 회 간의 관계, 보수주의자와 에큐메니칼주의자 간의 신학적 양극성, 기독교공 동체에 직접적 영향을 미치지 못하는 문제점이 있었다. 그러므로 동역자의 관계성을 회복하고, 신학적 균형을 유지하며, 변화하는 기독교의 모습을 갖는 것이 미래를 위한 대안이다.

새벽기도는 한국기독교의 특징 중의 하나이다. 서구 선교사에 의해 한국에 복음이 전달되었지만, 한국의 토양에서 새벽기도는 새로운 한국교 회의 전통으로 자리 잡았다. 대부분 한국교회는 오늘날까지 매일 새벽기도 회를 하고 있다. 교회가 세워지는 곳마다 새벽기도회는 정규 시간으로 정해져 있고, 절기마다 특별 새벽기도를 하여 새벽기도의 중요성에 대한 강조와 실천을 하고 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 한국교회의 새벽기도 문화, 새벽기도 신학을 살펴보고, 상황화 관점에서 선교적으로 평가하는 것이다. 문화적 접근으로 새벽기도 형성의 역사적, 종교적, 사회적 배경으로부터 그 기원을 초기 기독교 지도자들과 평양 대부흥운동, 도교와 연관이 있다고 본다. 신학적인 면에서 새벽기도는 한국교인의 영성 훈련과 국난 위기의 극복, 교회부흥의 밑거름이 되었다. 이를 바탕으로 선교적 관점으로써 새벽기도에 대한 적합한 상황화를 논하며 종교성이 강한 아시아의 바람직한 상황화 모델로서 제안한다.

The purpose of this study is to develop up-cycling fashion design methods centered on discarded denim material for the study of original up-cycling design methods. Up-cycling fashion design work was developed using digital clothing technology. This is a recent hot topic among sustainable fashion design methods. Up-cycling fashion design expression methods (categorized as dismantlement, collages, dépaysement, grafting, weaving, and tearing) were centered on design methods. These methods create various three-dimensional modeling effects in planar forms, whereby five pieces can be applied to the fabric and digitally produced. The results are as follows: First, the use of discarded denim fabric for the development of up-cycling fashion design pieces enabled the recycling of existing resources, provided solutions to environmental pollution problems, and provided expansion opportunities for design processes for sustainable fashion products that expand the design value of denim products and their utility. Second, new eco-friendly fashion designs that attempt to achieve diversity in modern fashion trends could be presented through formative contemporary fashion produced by up-cycling work products. Third, up-cycling fashion design work is expected to provide opportunities for eco-friendly fashion design methods. This will expand the value of sustainable fashion design by recycling simple waste materials through the use of three-dimensional digital clothing technology and further through the presentation of expanded life cycles that extend product planning, production, and life cycles.

Aluminum (Al) is one of the most widely applied metals in various industries. Anthropogenic activities of industrial waste result in increased accumulation of Al in natural water resources and aqueous organisms, leading to increased heavy metal pollution in the environment. This will ultimately associate with health risks to all living beings including humans. The present study addresses the possible toxic effects of Al on the motility and regeneration of planarians, using Dugesia japonica as the experimental animal model. Planarians were exposed to varying concentrations of Al (50–1,200 mg/L) for 1 hr, and subsequently evaluated for their motility, seizure-like behaviors, regeneration and alterations of the cell-organelles in their body. Results of the study exhibit that increasing Al concentrations lead to decreased motility and increased seizure-like behaviors, especially the c-type and head bob behaviors in planarians (p<0.05). The regeneration ability in the tail segments was reduced by increased Al concentrations, and the eyespot and optic nerves were more clearly observed in the control groups than planarians exposed to Al. Organelle analysis revealed morphological abnormalities in the mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and cilia in the head region of planarians, as compared to the control groups. Taken together, our results indicate that exposure to Al alters the behavior of planarians and delays the regeneration of amputated body parts. Therefore, we suggest that Al exposure adversely can affect the lives of aquatic organisms, and induce toxicity such as cell abnormalities in animals.

Lead (Pb) is a major heavy metal that augments environmental pollution and is a health risk to living organisms. This study was performed to investigate the effect of lead on characteristics of planarian, Dugesia japonica. Briefly, planarians were cultivated in water containing different concentrations (0–400 mg/L) of Pb, and incubated for varying durations (1, 3, and 5 hr). After termination of the incubation time, motility and seizure-like behaviors (c-like, head-bop, snake-like, and screw-like) of the planarians were counted in fresh water. Results showed that increasing Pb concentration and time resulted in decreased motility of the planarians (p<0.05). Increasing concentrations of Pb also resulted in significant increase in the seizure-like behavioral patterns, in particular the c-like and head-bop behaviors. In order to examine eye regeneration, the head region was cut, and rest of the body was incubated in water in the absence or presence of Pb, until emergence of the eye extrusion. Formation of eye spots was initiated in amputated fragments of the control group (without Pb) on day 4 after incubation, whereas appearance of the eye spots was delayed in planarian exposed to 200 mg/L Pb. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that formation of the optic nerve was delayed in planarians exposed to Pb. Thus, our studies determined that planarians exposed to high concentrations of Pb resulted in decreasing motility and induction of seizure-like behaviors, as well as delayed eye regeneration. Results of the current study therefore validate that exposure to lead has a negative effect on the lifespan of aquatic organisms and can cause disturbance of the nervous system in animals, thereby implying the possibility of threatening health.