Fall of Vietnam is a Chinese work published in 1905 by Phan Bội Châu, the pioneer of morden enlightenment in Vietnam, which has been widely spread and has great impact in East Asia n the early twentieth century. However, the author has been considered Liang Qichao for a long time. The real author, Phan Bội Châu, has been confirmed till 1990s. This paper is to discuss why the author would be mistaken from the perspective of communication, and its meaning while being spread in China and so on. This paper suggests that this work has not ever been published separately, but always with The history of national subjugation in Vietnam Prequel and Brief Introduction of Vietnam by Liang Qichao. This unique publishing form is an important reason why the author has been mistaken for Liang Qichao, but as a result, also beneficial to spread. This work was written under the influence of Liang Qichao, which has in common with the political view of following the western example of social reconstruction, but retains the traditional moral principles when explaining the reason of the country’s destruction. There are overlap and difference in these three texts, which constitute a large text with Fall of Vietnam as core, played a unique role in the enlightenment in modern China.

The purpose of this study was to identify correlations among the continence function, cognitive function, and activities of daily living(ADL) in elderly male patients with dementia in geriatric hospitals. The subjects were 64 patients aged 65 or above who were diagnosed with dementia among the hospitalized male patients in a geriatric hospital. For the subjects' cognitive function, a questionnaire developed for the Korean Mini Mental Status Examination(K-MMSE) was used. For the continence function and ADL, data were collected using a patient evaluation table. As a result, a lower level of cognitive function resulted in corresponding higher levels of dependence in all items of ADL except bathing(p<.05), and a lower level of cognitive function led to corresponding declines in the continence function(bowel control, bladder control)(p<.01). In addition, a higher level of dependence in ADL resulted in corresponding higher levels of difficulty in bowel and bladder control(p<.01). This study showed correlations among the cognitive function, ADL, and continence function of elderly men with dementia. The results of this study may be used as basic data for the management and treatment of hospitalized elderly male patients with dementia in geriatric hospitals.

It is recognized that the global apparel market of the twenty-first century is largely profit driven, and that the majority of producers and retailers have sourced products from the lowest cost locations. Purchase tickets of fashion goods available from ‘fast’ fashion retailers (at least within the UK) refrain from providing the consumer with details of the full circumstances of production. It seems that the majority of major retailers and producers are not willing to engage in levels of self-regulation which could ensure that the products offered to consumers are ethically produced and offer acceptable levels of sustainability. Meanwhile many fashion consumers have the desire to purchase sustainable products, produced ethically by workers paid fair wages in safe working environments. Consumer demand could be a powerful tool to adjust the behaviour of manufacturers and buyers. This paper proposes the introduction of international legislation demanding greater degrees of transparency than exist currently and that the full sourcing and production details of fashion products are stated clearly on the product’s purchase ticket within its retail setting. With the introduction of such legislation, consumers could thus be given the opportunity of purchasing goods which they feel accommodate their own views on ethical manufacture and sustainable products. In turn, consumer pressure could ensure indirectly that retail buyers consider all ethical and sustainable aspects of production when negotiating with garment producers/suppliers. Further to this, such a negotiating stance could ensure the improvement of the terms and conditions of employment of the numerous garment workers worldwide.

The global economic and financial conditions in 2010 and 2011 were positive and the business trade grew at about twice of the rate of that in 2009. The container shipping players started to enjoy a new chapter of international business trade having struggled to operate their vessels since 2008. So we now have to consider if the shipping business will return to its old strategy? What will happen to the container shipping sector in 10 years from now still remains uncertain. Recently, the uncertain situation globally has been giving shipping companies in difficulty the opportunity to make decision as to whether it is necessary to use super slow steaming for containerships. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the necessity of super slow steaming on containerships despite such uncertainty. A Fuzzy Rule-based Bayesian Reasoning method has been used which incorporates the membership function and 14 selected nodes. Finally, the outcome of this study is 48 rules which have been proposed to assist shipping companies in their decision making processes when dealing with the dynamic business environment. Each rule gives a clear-cut understanding of the result which is able to be applied to real situations the containership industry faces.

The present work reports a systematic study of using carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) as water-bornebinder to produce Li4Ti5O12-based anodes for manufacture of high rate performance lithium ion batteries. When theLTO-to-CB-to-CMC mass ratio is carefully optimized to be 8:1:0.57, the special capacity of the resulting electrodes is144 mAh·g−1 at 10 C and their capacity retention was 97.7% after 1000 cycles at 1C and 98.5% after 500 cycles at5C, respectively. This rate performance is comparable or even better than that of the electrolytes produced using con-ventional, organic, polyvinylidene fluoride binder.

Expensive handbags, in particular, luxury designer handbags are incredibly popular among fashionable women. This is why many fashion houses such as Chanel and Hermes offer handbags as another product line as part of their accessories category (Juggessur, 2011). Some retailers claim that owning a luxury designer handbag worth more than £1,000 can make financial sense to middle-class women, who may not spend as much on clothing, but view an expensive luxury designer handbag as an investment piece which can be used every day, adding a touch of glamour (Juggessur, 2011). The global handbag market encompasses exceedingly dynamic players and an expanding consumer base, which is expected to flourish due to increasing demand from emerging markets and strong performances by the international luxury brands (Digital Luxury Group, 2013). The top 10 markets for luxury handbags, collectively gathered over 120 million online searches, demonstrating substantial global demand for the world’s most covetable luxury items (Digital Luxury Group, 2013) (see Figure 1) . Figure 1: demand of luxury handbag globally (Digital Luxury Group, 2013) The country subjects are UK and Indonesia. Despite the fact that both of Indonesia and UK are reflected as positive luxury market (Digital Luxury Group, 2013; Euromonitor, 2014), both of the countries have differences which may lead to different motivation of luxury purchase. Indonesia is emerging market, while UK is a mature market. The rise of emerging market makes difference. Back then, individualist country is more refer to western developed countries, while collectivistic country is refer to eastern developing countries (Hofstede, 2011; Shukla, 2012). Nowadays, emerging countries are catching up with developed countries (Nielsen, 2013). Increasing exposure to global media and the depiction of western lifestyles in local media seem to have increased the desire for high-quality goods and services among consumers in emerging markets (Belk, 1999). With regards to luxury products and services, studying the consumption patterns in emerging markets is particularly important due to the phenomenal growth of luxury consumption among consumers in these markets (Shukla, 2012). For example, according to Bain and Company (2012), 85 per cent of all luxury stores will be opening in emerging markets over the coming decade. Moreover, recent studies highlight the significantly strong influence of the materialism trait with luxury consumption in emerging markets (Lertwannawit and Mandhachitara, 2011; Podoshen et al., 2011). As predicted by BCG (2010), in 2015, emerging-market cities will account for around 20 per cent which is $2.6 trillion of the total global consumption of clothing and house as a priority of future expenditures. The key consumer base for luxury goods has long since left Europe, moving West to the United States, but also East to the Gulf States and Asia, and South to Latin America, particularly Brazil (Business of Fashion, 2014). Luxury companies are no longer focusing for mature market. However, luxury goods enable consumers to satisfy their material as well as socio-psychological needs to a greater degree than regular goods (Vigneron and Johnson, 2004; Wiedmann et al., 2009). Luxury brands are one of the most profitable and fastest-growing brand segments, yet at the same time, the social influences associated with luxury brands are poorly understood and under investigated (Shukla, 2010; Wiedmann et al., 2009; Tynan et al., 2010). Increasing exposure to global media and the depiction of western lifestyles in local media seem to have increased the desire for high-quality goods and services among consumers in emerging markets (Belk, 1999). With regards to luxury products and services, studying the consumption patterns in emerging markets is particularly important due to the phenomenal growth of luxury consumption among consumers in these markets (Shukla, 2012). From those passages, it can be inferred that emerging market countries are the targets of luxury brand companies to invest in the market. Culture is changing: The rise of Emerging Market As previously discussed in the second chapter, when the political, societal, and economic environments change, people's cultural values also change. Thus, many cultural theories should be updated and re-evaluated periodically. Hence, Wu (2006) said that Individualistic vs. Collectivistic Dimension theory is no longer applicable. Additionally Saiq et al. (2014) said that Hofstede’s Individualistic Dimension work is too old and can’t be effectively implemented in the era of rapidly changing environment, convergence and globalization. The arguments by Wu (2006) and Saiq et al. (2013) is supporting Bian and Forsythe (2012) which argue that culture is changing as a consequence of the increasingly global economy especially in emerging market, converging in the direction of greater individualism. As a result, collectivist societies might adopt some individualistic elements, but this would not change their societal identity or their social label as a collective society (Bian and Forsythe, 2012). The contrasts between few contemporary studies of luxury value perception in Individualistic vs. Collectivistic Country (Bian Forsythe; 2012, Li et al, 2012; Shukla and Purani, 2012) (see Table 1) are leading to confusion in understanding value perception on luxury purchase between individualistic country vs. collectivistic country. For an instance, according to Li et al. (2012), a collectivistic country (China) has high consideration of functional value dimension for luxury purchase, but according to Shukla and Purani (2012), a collectivistic country (India) has low consideration of functional value perception for luxury purchase. Another example, according to Bian and Forsythe (2012), an individualistic county (US) consider high personal and social value dimension for luxury purchase, but according to Shukla and Purani (2012), individualistic country (UK) consider low personal and social value dimension on the luxury purchase. The study results were supporting a statement of Shukla (2012) that culture is not static and it keeps changing Table 1: The contrast between study results about value perception across culture Impact on the Future Brand Strategy Consumer value plays as critical role at the heart of all marketing movement and hence undoubtedly deserves attention of every consumer scholars (Holbrook, 1999) especially, in the next decade, customer is predicted as the key orientation of luxury business (BCG Report, 2014) (see Figure 2). The current crisis in luxury marketing area is encouraging companies to look more deeply into the links between consumers and luxury brands (Godey et al., 2013). Consumption of luxury products is based on two main reasons: the purchase for one’s self, for pleasure and purchase as a symbol of success (Godey et al., 2013). Nevertheless, whatever the perspective chosen, the brand remains the main vehicle for connecting with the consumer (Godey et al., 2013).To understand the right brand strategy, the purpose of this study is to identify the constructs of perceived peer communication in social media activities of luxury fashion brands, and to evaluate the influence of those activities on purchase intention in the UK and Indonesia. This research will propose a strategy to enhance brands' performance by defining specific factors relating to purchase intention. Moreover, the findings will enable luxury brands to forecast customer purchasing behaviour. The full conceptual model of this study can be found on Figure 2. Figure 2: The conceptual model of the study Methodology Steenkamp and Baumgartner (1998) suggest using a structural equation modelling approach for cross-culture study. SEM analysis has been successfully applied by many scholars to measure luxury value perception (Bian & Forysthe, 2012; Shukla, 2012; Casidy, 2012; Monkhouse et al., 2013; Hennigs et al., 2013). The structural equation design of this study is illustrated on Figure 3. The method of self-completion questionnaire allows for a greater geographical coverage than face-to-face interviews without incurring the additional costs of time and travel and they are particularly useful when carrying out research with geographically dispersed populations (Seale, 2012). Self-completed questionnaires were distributed to thirty students with snowball sampling by online survey to each country (UK and Indonesia) and twenty valid samples were utilised from each country. Criterion sampling strategy reviews all cases that meet predetermined criteria (Patton, 2002). Both criterion and snowball sampling techniques were components of a purposeful sampling strategy designed to identify participants with this criteria: A. Originally from and live in Indonesia or originally from and live in the UK. B. Having experience in purchasing at least one of luxury handbag. Figure 3: The structural equation design of the study Result There are significant differences of value perception on luxury handbag between Indonesian consumers and UK consumers. Indonesian consumers are highly influenced by Social Value Perception while British consumers are less influenced by Social Value Perception when buying luxury handbags. British luxury handbag consumers are more focusing on the Functional Value Perception which is not much considered by Indonesian consumers. However, consumers from both countries are highly influenced by Personal Value Perception.

The 47th Session of the UNCITRAL finalized the draft Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration. It aims to provide a mechanism to allow the UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency to be applied to investment dispute arbitrations mandated by investment treaties concluded before April 1, 2014. This paper intends to examine these UNCITRAL Rules on Transparency and the draft Convention on Transparency. It is particularly in contrast with the relevant rules in the NAFTA, the U.S. Model BIT 2012 and the ICSID Rules 2006, to see if transparency can be enhanced in treaty-based investor-State arbitrations and to extrapolate the implications of the Rules on Transparency and the draft Convention for China’s strategy in BIT or FTA negotiations amid the trendy advancement of transparency standards.

International arbitration, as a neutral, flexible, efficient and binding legal means of dispute resolution, has been effective in settling maritime delimitation disputes, especially in recent years since the UNCLOS came into force. There are a number of reasons (i.e. advantages) for its increased popularity. Reasonable expectations thus arise as to its applicability onto similar maritime delimitation disputes of the East Asian countries whose diplomatic efforts have mostly failed to address these matters. This article examines this practical issue primarily from the legal perspective by reviewing relevant international rules including the UNCLOS provisions on compulsory dispute resolution and cases such as the ongoing Philippines-China arbitration over the South China Sea. Observations are also made from the political and cultural perspectives as well. It concludes that, though multiple dispute settlement means are still encouraged, international arbitration could be an important alternative for East Asian countries seeking a peaceful solution to their maritime delimitation disputes.

Stroke is the most basic element in modern Chinese character structure unit, normalization and standardization of stroke cannot only be essential to literacy teaching, and writing, retrieval and computer processing of Chinese characters, but can further improve normalization and standardization levels of Chinese characters. However, there are lots of disputes about many issues of stroke in academia, and contents about stroke in modern Chinese teaching materials in colleges and universities are inconsistent. Ten representative teaching materials of Modern Chinese are selected in this article to take strokes in these teaching materials as study object for comparison and analysis of classification, names and sequence of strokes, so as to give suggestion to normalization and standardization of strokes. The teaching materials involved in this article include: Modern Chinese (the 4th revised edition) written by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong in 2007, referred to as “Huang and Liao‟s Version”; Modern Chinese written by Hu Yushu in 1992, referred to as “Hu‟s Version”; New Modern Chinese written by Zhang Bin in 2002, referred to as “Zhang‟s Version 1”; Modern Chinese written by Zhang Zhigong in 1982, referred to as “Zhang‟s Version 2”; Introduction to Modern Chinese written by Shao Jingmin in 2001, referred to as “Shao‟s Version”; Modern Chinese written by modern Chinese teaching and research office of Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Peking University in 2000, referred to as “Bei‟s Version”; Modern Chinese Character Outline written by Su Peicheng in 2001, referred to as “Su‟s Version”; Modern Chinese Tutorial written by Xing Fuyi① in 1986, referred to as “Xing's Version"; Modern Chinese written by Zhou Yimin in 2006, referred to as “Zhou's Version”; Modern Chinese written by Ma Guorong in 1990, referred to as “Ma's Version”.

Baculoviral anti-apoptotic genes, p35 and iap (inhibitor of apoptosis), play important roles in the initiation stage of viral infection. However, some iap genes are not involved in the anti-apoptotic activity. To investigate the anti-apoptotic activity of the iap genes of Lymantria xylina multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LyxyMNPV), two ly-iap genes (ly-iap2 and ly-iap3) were cloned from LyxyMNPV. From a 5′ RACE analysis, a late promoter motif (TAAG) was found in the upstream (-15 bp) of ly-iap2, but ly-iap3 only posited an enhancer-like element (CGTGC) in the upstream (-22 bp) of 5′ UTR. Gene expression were detected by RT-PCR; the ly-iap2 and ly-iap3 genes began to express in the host cells (IPLB-LD652Y cell line) infected with LyxyMNPV 6 hours post-infection (p.i.) and reached the peak 72 hours p.i., followed by decline 3 to 5 days p.i. Functional assay of the iap genes were performed by an over-expression method in Sf9 cells. Full-length domains of LY-IAP2, LY-IAP3 and LY-IAP2-BIR could differently inhibit the apoptosis which induced by Drosophila RPR protein (DRPR). Interestingly, LY-IAP2-RZF domain was important for LY-IAP2 to rescue apoptosis, but it might be also involved in the ubiquitin activity leading to the degradation of LY-IAP2 protein. LY-IAP3-RZF might be working as a “helper domain” to inhibit DRPR-induced apoptosis. These results can be used to figure out the roles of the ly-iap genes in the apoptosis of host cells.

To concern about health increased at well-being world. It reported fault about toxic of lymphocyte cell by Chemotherapeutic agent and antibiotic agent, tolerance of cancer cell and destruction of lymphocyte and marrow cell. Study of natural medicine needed to remedy these shortcomings. In this study verified effect of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in Ganoderma applanatum. Verify of anti-inflammatory effect checked to derive by LPS. Antioxidant effect assured by DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The result of cytotoxicity by MTT-assay for anti-inflammatory effect of Ganoderma applanatum does not effect in 0.01~1mg/mL concentration. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition effect was verified concentration dependent in all treatment groups. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6) formation inhibition effect to derive by LPS was verified to inhibit gene revelation of inflammatory cytokine in all treatment groups. And endotoxin shock inhibition effect does not appear concentration dependent in mouse lethal test. Inflammation mediator activation inhibition effect in shock mouse liver cell decreased gene revelation in IL-1β and IL-6 at 0.5g/kg body weight group and 1.0g/kg body weight group. DPPH radical scavenging activity confirmed concentration dependent in all treatmen tgroups. SOD enzyme activity showed high activity in low concentration than vitamin C and BHT. To conclusion, Ganoderma applanatum was predicted to replace anti-inflammatory medicine and to use great antioxidant material.

In the design of urban rail traffic entrances and ventilation pavilion in the city of Zhengzhou, Henan province, this study tries to explore a kind of regional appearance about the subway entrances and ventilation pavilion design in the new period through the combination of sustainable building ideology [ 1] and local culture. The creation inspiration of the design is from the aspects of humanism, and the design tries to make the building have distinct regional characteristic in the premise of the contemporary feeling with the rational method. The building is located in the central plains , where the cultural resources are very rich. The design tries to choose clements that are from the famous cultural heritage and appeared appropriately in the plan, which to read and promote culture with the perspective of modem style architecture, and also make the subway entrance building have local differences and the identify ability. In the deepening of the design, the green and sustainable thought is the main exploration direction. The design tries to use High-tech building materials, and shows the building texture with the Combination of ETFE (ethylene-tetra-fluoric-ethylene) and steel skeleton, which appear the structure and the form of the building in the new period with the eco-friendly style. At the same time, the design discusses the way of Subway Entrances and the ventilation pavilion in central plains under the constraints of geography, climate and function.

we exist in the relations with others. The concepts of interpersonal relationships most base on the person in this relationship, that is the whole point of life who come from people's lives. The value of lives lies in the communicated activity, it reflects substantive sense of human beings. Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the final appeal for interpersonal relationship. The question is how the ethical appeals formed in the context of traditional relationships? What is its effect on our modern life, and how the value of thought in modern society changed. 1.Chinese traditional culture is the one of" Agriculture - patriarchal "social ethical culture who grown in soil. This kind of culture is the Isomorphism of home and farm economy, its has always worked every Chinese and have a far-reaching impact on all aspects of our daily lives. Judging from the Social communication standard of Anthropology, the interpersonal boundaries were divided from the start of the 'family'. We use the concept of caste and blood formed and maintained the community, then the interactions must based on the core of family. That decided our interactions has the character of closing from beginning, on this basis, the Chinese strongly agreed with the concept of clan and family psychology. On the premise of a common ancestor, everyone has grown within the community, and we call 'insiders', the opposite of' outsiders 'requirements of living is a directly reflect for family of interpersonal ethics, this is the major cause of promoting harmonious interpersonal relations. In addition, from the religious faith , the Chinese reverence for nature and'harmony between the heaven and human', the concept of 'Harmony' are another important cause of harmonious relations. The concept of harmonious order was imitated the natural state of harmony and the family should follow this way. It can explain the consistency of the Chinese concept in the universe and human relations leading to inherent unity and harmony. Z. What the community need is a major cause of the traditional interpersonal harmony. In fact it is a social inherent requirements, and the consistency of traditional view of the universe and human relations is the requirements of unification from society and nature, Both of these are based on the phylogenetic relationships and blood relationship. With the development of productive forces and the scale, genealogical community gradually extend the production activities scope to adjust production relations through other ways. In the process, the genealogical community transfered to unrelated community transformation, communication ethics are becoming increasingly complicated. From a geopolitical perspective, the transformation of the ancient family from blood to unrelated blood, is occured in the basic areas of the country. Early in the Qin dynasty, Han Dynasty, the social economic assistance functions appeared more intensively. these kinds of rural family economic assistance organizations enhanced cohesion between the different families of the same country , And then it extended to the different country. But expand the scope of contacts between the two villages still relatively weak. that formed more narrow and less - developed interpersonal style who accompanied by an acquaintance of Village Community Associationin ancient China. So we say the interpersonal harmony is not purely relations and exchanges, because the traditional Confucian thought we should learn and be taught everywhere in interpersonal relationships, so that the ethics would appear everywhere. Ethical relationships of the family should not be arrogated, and also the Confucian Ethics, were implanted in social relations, this made it possible to achieve the ideal of a harmonious society. We need the deep thoughts to modern ways of communication and thinking now. At the same time we should drawn nutrition from the roots of Chinese Traditional Thought of harmonious interpersonal relationship in order to seek the path of our modern society's interpersonal relationships. From " primary internal requirement " to "mutual requirements", we should establish a " Principle of CO-exist in the communication" in this kind of relationship, the premise of Co-exist is an independent individual. because on this premise, every independent individual access to maximal benefits, each individual must rely on the ourselves cooperation. from above reasoning, we can see that the only way of modern harmonious interpersonal relationships is the " CO-exist in principle ".

Confucianism is the major school of Chinese traditional culture. Lun Yu as the foundational and dominant literature of Confucianism represents the particularity and the basic idea of Chinese traditional culture. Abundant thought of Gods will included in Lun Yu provides unquestionable evidence and valuable resources for exploring and analyzing the conception about Gods of Chinese traditional culture. The Gods ontology which is the trinity of mind, Gods will and Gods, the function of Gods that different Gods are responsible for the different transactions, and the psychic concept performed by exceptional people or in special moment that show in Lun Yu have a profound impact on contemporary Chinese Gods concept and the awareness of beliefs. Therefore, researching the conception about Gods of Chinese traditional culture based on the thought of Gods included in Lun Yu has important significance both in theory and practice.

The article first introduces key education policies in China, revolving around the National Medium- and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Guideline (2010-2020), a blueprint for education reform up to 2020. Then it elaborates on the educational issues and challenges confronted by China. The article examines the lessons and gaps in educational cooperation in the APEC in light of international cooperation which is regarded as an important approach to seeking inspiration for policymaking in the process of education reform. Finally it concludes with a number of recommendations for international cooperation in the context of enhancing "regional economic integration ".

In the design of urban rail traffic entrances and ventilation pavilion in the city of Zhengzhou, Henan province, this study tries to explore a kind of regional appearance about the subway entrances and ventilation pavilion design in the new period through the combination of sustainable building ideology 【1】and local culture. The creation inspiration of the design is from the aspects of humanism, and the design tries to make the building have distinct regional characteristic in the premise of the contemporary feeling with the rational method. The building is located in the central plains，where the cultural resources are very rich. The design tries to choose elements that are from the famous cultural heritage and appeared appropriately in the plan, which to read and promote culture with the perspective of modern style architecture, and also make the subway entrance building have local differences and the identify ability. In the deepening of the design, the green and sustainable thought is the main exploration direction. The design tries to use High-tech building materials, and shows the building texture with the Combination of ETFE (ethylene-tetra-fluoric-ethylene) and steel skeleton, which appear the structure and the form of the building in the new period with the eco-friendly style. At the same time, the design discusses the way of Subway Entrances and the ventilation pavilion in central plains under the constraints of geography, climate and function.

In the global knowledge economy society, the quality of human resource is the key for competition. Adults are the mainstream of workforce and therefore adult learning has been a crucial investment for economic targets. Due to the characteristic, adult learning is offered by diverse stakeholders and how to improve the partnership between providers has been a significant issue. The paper is based on an empirical study in Chinese Taipei’s local communities and there are meaningful results explored into 311 subjects in six different local communities. The findings are intended to apply in APEC member countries and recommendations are raised to develop educational partnership and networking for competing in global knowledge economy society.