The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the original floor plan and wall design of Seokbulsa Grotto in Kyungju; commonly known as ‘Seokguram’. The paper presents an array of dimensional studies of the existing Seokguram to examine its architectural form, and infers the original floor plan and wall design of Seokbulsa Grotto. Seokbulsa Grotto is designed as a system of 'coherent modules' and was constructed using the dry stone method, which interlocks large stone modules into a whole that becomes the load-bearing structure itself. The design principles governing Seokbulsa Grotto are the spatial axis of symmetry, modular coordination, and the layout grid of a quarter Tang-Ruler(TR: 唐尺). Dimensional studies were conducted with these governing principles in mind and concludes the following about the original floor plan design. In the main chamber, Ansang-stone’s radius is 12 TR, and Flagstone’s radius is 121/4 TR. In the front chamber, the width between the two Ansang-stones facing each other is 22 TR and the longitudinal space depth is 12 TR, while the width between the two Flagstones facing each other is 221/2 TR and Flagstone’s depth is 12 TR. In the passageway, the width between the two Ansang-stones facing each other is 111/2 TR and longitudinal space depth is 9 TR, while the width between the two Flagstones facing each other is 12 TR and Flagstone’s depth is 73/4 TR. The distance from the center to the entrance line of the main chamber is 101/2 TR. Therefore, the total longitudinal length of the Grotto is 431/2 TR at the level of the Ansang-stones, and 44 TR at the level of the Flagstones.

The transition from “More-of-Less” markets (economies of scale) to “Less-of-More” markets (economies of scope) is supported by advances of disruptive manufacturing and reconfigurable-supply-chain management technologies. With the prevalence of cyber-physical manufacturing systems, additive manufacturing technology is of great impact on industry, the economy, and society. Traditionally, backbone structures are built via bottom-up manufacturing with either pre-fabricated building blocks such as bricks or with layer-by-layer concrete casting such as climbing form-work casting. In both cases, the design selection is limited by form-work design and cost. Accordingly, the tool-less building of architecture with high design freedom is attractive. In the present study, we review the technological trends of additive manufacturing for construction-scale additive manufacturing in particular. The rapid tooling of patterns or molds and rapid manufacturing of construction parts or whole structures is extensively explored through uncertainties from technology. The future regulation still has drawbacks in the adoption of additive manufacturing in construction industries.

본 논문에서는 해석결과를 보정하여 고층 건축물의 기둥축소 예측값과 실제값 간의 오차를 최소화하기 위한 해석보정법이 제안되었다. 이를 위하여 41층 규모의 철근 콘크리트 건물에 대한 시공단계해석이 수행되었으며, 해석결과는 기둥과 코어로 나뉘어 네 가지의 가정된 계측결과들과 비교되었다. 해석보정은 기둥에서는 오차 한계를 넘어서는 시공단계에서 코어에서는 모든 시공단계에 적용되었으며, 해석이 보정된 이후에도 지속적으로 오차가 발생하므로 해석보정이 자주 수행될수록 오차는 감소하였다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 제안된 해석보정 방법을 적용함으로써 장기적인 축소값이 실제값과 유사하게 예측될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 동양전통의 오방색을 실내 건축에 적용하기 위한 것으로 가족 구성원별 특징에 따라 바람직한 색채 구성 디자인을 제안하는데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 동양의 전통 술수학인 사주와 풍수의 오방색의 개념과 본질을 규명하였다. 그리고 실제 사례를 통해 실내 색채 디자인을 구성하고자 하였으며 특히 전통적인 오방색 및 오정색에 대한 분석을 하였다. 나아가 상생 오간색 및 상극 오간색으로 색채를 구체화하여 현대적 적용방안까지 고려하였다. 현대적 적용 방법으로 첫째, 24방위도를 24색상환으로 만들어 색상과 방위를 동시에 판단 할 수 있도록 하였다. 둘째, 24방위 색상환을 평면도에 접목하여 비보색상을 적용할 정확한 위치를 판단하였다. 셋째, 판단한 위치와 색상을 실내재료 마감재 선택 및 소품 적용시 활용할 수 있게 하였다. 연구결과 향후 실내 색채구성에 있어 동양의 전통색의 적용이 가능하였고, 이를 응용한 현대적 색채 구성도 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 1988년 이전에 설계된 RC라멘+코어월 구조형식의 비내진 건축물을 선정하여 내진성능평가를 통해 현재 건축물들의 내진성능수준을 파악하고, 목표 내진성능수준에 적합하도록 보강 방안을 제시하였고, 보강방법별 성능을 비교하 였다. 보강 전 중앙코어 건축물과 측면코어 건축물의 내진성능수준은 모두 붕괴방지수준이었지만 보강 후에는 두 건축물 모두 목표 내진성능수준인 거주가능수준으로 성능이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 보강방법별 성능을 비교한 결과 중앙코어 건축물의 경우 벽체보강방법이 가장 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 측면코어 건축물의 경우 가새보강방법이 가장 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

The basalt fiber is expected to become a trend for industrial fibers as they have better properties of heat-resistant, non-combustion, absorbent, soundproof, moistureproof, lightweight, corrosion resistant, and high strength properties. Also, the fiber is found to be non-toxic and harmless to the human body. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the chemical and mineral compositions of powdered sludge of basalt produced at seven sites on Jeju Island for the development of fire resistance insulating material for a building. The results showed that the basalt stone sludge is made from only sodium calcium aluminum silicate and ferridioside components unlike the basalt rock.

The grade of East Asian architecture is generally classified by the size, the shape of the roof, and the type of bracket set. The craftsmanship of columns, beam, purlin, stylobate, column base stone and paintwork is also a contributing factor for such classifications. These classifications can be found not only in historical documents such as Oksajo(屋舍條) of Samguksagi(三國史記) but also in house details regulations of residential architecture(家舍規制) of Joseon Dynasty. However, there are differences in detailed designs among the same grade of architecture regardless of the classification. In this research, the Palace, the Royal Residence(宮家), and the Jaesil(齋室) are considered as the Palatial Buildings and Royal Residences. And the advanced architectural ㅇ details which appear only in the Royal Architectures are defined as the ‘The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners’. The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners is detailed design, which can be seen as fabrication of materials and supplementary factors. The Architectural Crafts as a Code of Manners used in the Palatial Buildings and Royal Residences reveal the types and their historical changes. This research will present a basis for the repair and restoration of cultural heritages to be carried out in the future, and also prevent them from further damages, thus help to preserve the cultural heritages.

This study is to find out the design concept of asymmetrical building with 4 purlins mainly in Sungkyunkwan(Confucian Shrines), Changgyeonggung palace and Changdeokgung palace The results are as follows: First, asymmetrical building with 4 purlins has the same height pillars, which was useful to control the side lenght and put a higher pillar without limit. Second, the side length of the asymmetrical building with 4 purlins is between 12 to 14 Ja[尺]. It's relatively longer than the minimum length(12 Ja) of 5 purlins architecture seen in later Joseon dynasty. Third, asymmetrical building with 4 purlins was not an anomalous structure when compared to 3 purlins and 5 purlins. It was actually a traditional style, unlike the current architectural recognition nowadays, which mainly focused on the balanced roof structure. These examples show that the architectures in Early Joseon dynasty were planned and constructed first according to the plane division that fit in a specific use or space.