This study of ultimate purpose is that make a low rate of the second conviction through the adult rape offender's intelligence-action rehabilitation program. This program had application to the probation offenders but this kind seldom happens because this program was progressed structured group by prison or jail. But during this program was running, we could see some difficult points which are, almost offender's are prisoner under trial, they went to another jail or they released from prison. Because these are exceptional points of the prison. Following lecture is a summary of this program's result. We found that pride test's average was almost similar result in group's before-after test, but we couldn't generalize it because of the lack of examples. However, when we thought that they're pride improved during that short time, we can estimate that improve the pride program is very suitable for short period. Finally, a person who have very high psychopathy score in this program shouldn't accept without a doubt even if rise up the visible impact that a direction of researcher want.

국내산 렌즈제품들의 품질을 알아보기 위해서 국내에서 유통되고 있는 근시성 난 시 교정용 토럭렌즈들의 굴절력과 광학중심부 두께를 측정하고 분석하였다. 국내산제품들과 해외브랜드 제품간의 질적 차이는 거의 없었으나 국내산 제품 일 부분에서 허용기준을 벗어난 경우가 있었다. 본 결과들을 통해 볼 때， 국내산제품들이 해외시장에서 더 높은 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 규격의 표준화를 통해 굴절력 및 두께에 의한 오차를 줄일 수 있는 엄격하 고 정멸한 품질관리 빚 공정관리가 요구되는 것으로 나타났다

교도소 내 수형자들의 고발사태로 근무하기 어렵다는 교정공무원들의 불평이 늘어 가고 있다. 이런 현상은 수형자들의 인권신장에 관심이 높아지면서 나타난 결과들이다. 이런 즈음에 수형자와 교도관들의 심리-역동적 관계를 규명해서 양자의 상호 영향을 검토하는 것은 교도행정에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다고 기대된다. 수형자들을 통제, 지시하는 교정공무원과 그런 힘의 영향을 받는 수형자들은 모두가 재 사회화라는 공동목표를 향해 가고 있다. 그러나 한편은 힘을 행사하고 다른 한편은 힘을 받아 들어야 한다. 그래서 양자 사이에 힘이 존재하지 않는다면, 교도행정은 비효과적일 수밖에 없다. 힘은 보상, 강압, 합법, 참조, 전문성이라는 5 가지 출처에서 비롯된다. 그러나 현재 교정행정체계에서 보면, 교정공무원이 수형자들에게 영향을 미칠 수 있는 힘은 참조적 힘 밖에 없다. 수형자들에게 모범이 되는 교정공무원을 참조해서 자신을 뒤돌아보는 수형자들만이 그 힘의 영향을 받게 된다. 이런 맥락에서 보면, 수형자들의 재사회화는 전적으로 수형자 자신들에게 달려 있는 셈이다. 이런 이유에서 교정공무원이 힘을 가진 양 하며 수형자들에게 영향을 주려 하는 경우에 이들은 노여움과 혐오감을 가지고 공격적으로 대하게 된다. 교도 행정은 수형자들의 재사회화를 위해서 지금까지 수행 해 오던 근본적 틀을 전환해야 한다. 즉, 상과 벌에 의한 교도행정 보다는 인본주의에 의한 행정을 실시할 경우에 효과적인 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

범죄자의 행동통제를 통한 사회공공의 안녕유지는 경찰과 교정기관의 공동목표이다. 이를 달성하기 위한 협력은 상호 시간과 노력을 절약할 수 있다는 데 그 이점이 있다. 범죄프로파일링이라는 한정된 범위에서 성공적인 협력을 실현하기 위해서는 협력 가능한 분야의 확정이 매우 중요하다. 미연방수사국의 범죄자 행동분석프로세스는 프로파일링에 필요한 데이터 수집단계, 수집된 정보를 선별하여 의미 있는 유형을 조작하는 판단단계, 범행을 재구성하는 등의 평가단계, 인구통계학적 특성 및 범행전후의 행동분석을 통한 범인상 추정 단계, 수사단계, 체포단계로 나뉜다. 만약 경찰의 범죄분석관이 교정기관과 협력한다면 데이터 수집단계와 범행의 유형화단계 및 인구통계학적 특성 등을 통한 범인상 추정단계, 수사단계에서 협조가 가능하다. 가능한 협력내용으로는 첫째, 인구사회학적 가설과 신체적 특징의 가설 수립에 도움이 될 수 있는 교정기관 데이터들의 활용이 있다. 둘째, 범죄자 행동특성과 인격평가에 도움이 될 수 있는 교정기관 데이터들의 활용이 가능하다. 셋째, 범행지역과 범행지점의 공간적 정보로부터 범인의 주거지 및 근무처 등 활동거점, 범행현장 이동수단과 경로 등을 추론하는 지리적 프로파일링에 있어 협력가능하다. 마지막으로 분석기법 응용이 있다. 범죄분석관은 새로운 범행분석 기법의 도입을 위해서 경찰 이외의 행동과학에 기초한 연구방법들을 응용할 필요가 있다.

A nation's correction level develops in direct proportion to the nation's level. But the correctional principle does not suit our actuality. Since revival, our nation's correctional organization has been falling behind the other administrative organ's result of developmental reorganization. Nowadays, correction business is greatly increasing day by day and a second offense never decreased. Therefore correction administrative business' professional and effectual promotion needs increasingly. But now our nation's correction bureau is existing as a domestic shape of the ministry of justice which only is a assistance organ of the minister of justice. As a result, it is appeared that the difficulty of command and control in perfect order, the subordination of prosecutor, and correction civil servant's depressing the morale of the troops and so on. This study till now shows these theoretical problems at various literature but actually there was not smoothly allusion that how is the correction civil servant's thought who is charging with the correction business. Accordingly, I grasped the actual conditions for the development of correction administrative to correction civil servants who work at correction facility in the whole land's 46 sites and I understood what is necessary for this. As a result for the development of correction administrative, I knew that the modernization of correction facility, the independence of correction office, and the increment of correction facility are immediate. If the development of correction administrative is not, a criminal's social comeback is difficult. So the damage returns again a good general citizens. Consequently, now theoretically or actually the independence of correction service is not optional but indispensable. Any society, from the shady spot where has to advance for the first time we can say being advanced.

Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt mag es noch eine wissenschaftliche Fantasievorstellung sein, über die Reform des Strafvollzugs auf dem Gebiet Nordkoreas nach der koreanischen Wiedervereinigung zu sprechen, schliesslich ist die Herstellung der koreanischen Einheit ein politisch sehr komplizierter Prozess. Trotzdem muss man sich bereits jetzt auf die koreanische Einheit und die damit verbundenen rechtlichen Probleme vorbereiten. Diese Notwendigkeit wird besonders deutlich, wenn man die Nachwirkungen der deutschen Wiedervereinigung betrachtet. Ich denke, dass eine Untersuchung zur Reform des Strafvollzugs auf dem Gebiet Nordkoreas bereits heute dringend geboten ist und für die Zukunft des gesamten koreanischen Strafvollzugs von nicht zu unterschätzender Bedeutung. Natürlich unterscheidet sich die koreanische Situation von der deutschen im November des Jahres 1989 in wesentlichen Punkten. Dennoch denke ich, dass auch etliche politische und rechtliche Probleme nach der koreanischen Vereinigung den deutschen ähneln werden. So ist Korea in der glücklichen Lage, dass es bei der Lösung dieser Probleme von den deutschen Erfahrungen lernen kann. In diesem Aufsatz möchte ich zunächst analysieren, wie der Geltungsbereich des Strafvollzugsgesetzes auf das Gebiet der ehemaligen DDR ausgedehnt wurde und welche rechtlichen Probleme damit in der Praxis verbunden waren(II). Im Weiteren möchte ich die Festsetzung einer einheitlichen Bemessungsgrundlage für alle Gefangenen nach der koreanische Wiedervereinigung untersuchen sowie den Orientierungsrahmen zur Reform des Strafvollzugs auf dem Gebiet Nordkoreas diskutieren(III). Abschliessend soll aufgezeigt werden, welche Konsequenzen diese Änderungen für das koreanische Strafvollzugsgesetz haben wird(IV).

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder has been associated with long hours of computer work and prolonged periods of static posture. In clinical settings, postural correction is a common treatment approach for individuals with neck, shoulder, and back pain. This study was designed to identify the effect of Forward Head Posture Correctional Device during computer work. Twelve healthy adults (mean age, 27.4 yrs; mean height, 165.0cm mean weight, 65.8 kg) participated in the study. They had no medical history of neurological or surgical problems with their upper extremity. The subjects were asked to perform Head Forward Posture under the guidance of physical therapists and the measured angles were analyzed using a 3-D motion analysis system. Markers were placed on the C7 spinous process, tragus of the ear and forward head angle was between the line from the tragus to the C7 line and the Y-axis at the C7. The statistical significance of difference between, "without" and "with" correctional device was tested by paired t-test. A level of significance was set at α=.05. In comparison of the computer work between "without" and "with" correctional device, Forward Head Angle was showed significant difference (p<.05). In conclusion, the range of Forward Head Angle was significantly decreased during computer work with the correctional device. Further research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in deep muscles in patients with neck, shoulder, and back pain.

Prison population has heavily increased therefore prison overcrowding is the serious issues and tasks to our correctional authorities. The goal of correction is re-socialization of inmate. Therefore all the conditions are fulfilled in order to achievement this goal of correction and correction development. But under the prison overcrowding the energy of correction administration is given rather than correctional treatment for inmates for the purpose of guaranteeing prison safety of public order. Prisons must be place where decency and human rights are guaranteed for inmates. Prison overcrowding is the infringement upon the fundamental rights of inmates. Therefore these prison overcrowding issues and tasks should be solved as soon as possible. The goal of this study was to research the best and most efficient and rational plan or countermeasures solving prison overcrowding problem in out country namely to the minimization the imprisonment. Finally the critical cause of the prison overcrowding can be found in overcountermeasure by all the criminal justice system and I emphasize that the issues and tasks of overcrowding of korea will be solved when all the criminal justice system namely police, a public prosecutor, judge correction staff treat offenders in view of criminal policy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate of the importance of empathy in Corrective Counseling. This study referred to the importance of empathy in Corrective Counseling by clarifying the fact that Juvenile Delinquency is related to Narcissistic Personality Disorder, which originates from the absence of appropriate caring empathy. Narcissistic Personality Disorder is highly correlated to aggression, which can be displayed as juvenile delinquency in adolescents with Narcissistic Personality disorder. Juvenile delinquents commit misconducts as an attempt to compensate their weak and fragile narcissistic personality structure. Juvenile delinquency is an alternative way to overcompensate juvenile delinquents’s lower self-esteem and to recover their damaged self-structure. From the perspective of Kohut’s self-psychology, juvenile delinquents have narcissistic personality disorder with fragile self-structure which is originated from the absence of an appropriate child-rearing. Therefore, during the counseling sessions, the therapist is needed to be a selfobject to strengthen juvenile delinquent’s self-structure. Thus, when the therapist implements corrective counseling for juvenile delinquents, therapists’ empathy is an important element as a selfobject for the client. As a result, this study suggests that it is necessary to actively utilize empathy in corrective counseling for juvenile delinquents. In addition, there is need to develop the program of utilizing empathy for corrective counselor and train corrective counselors to be more empathic to juvenile delinquents.

근시성 약시에서 가림 치료를 대신할 수 있는 방볍으로 안경 교정만으로 약시 치 료 효과가 있는지를 분석하였다. 근시성 약시 환자 14 명을 대상으로 치료 시작 나이， 치료 전 시력， 치료 기간， 굴절이상 정도， 난시와의 관계륜 조사하였다. 모든 대상자 는 조절마비하 꿀절검사를 실시하였고， 안경교정에 의한 약시 치료 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 。‘ 4 나타내 약시 환자에 대해서도 치료 효 l. 근시성 약시의 굴절이상 교정 후 초기 시 력 (Mean :t SD) 은 0.46 :t 0 .1 1을 였고， 최종 교정시 력 (Mean :t S D)은 0.84 士0 .1 3을 나타내었다. 2. 치료 시작 나이 (Mean :t SD) 는 6.6 :t 1.5 세였으며 치료 기간은 23.2 :t 6.57ß 월이었다. 3. 근시성 약시 모두에게서 뚜렷한 시략 변화를 보였으며 치료 전 시력이 좋으면 치료 후 시력도 좋았다 (p < 0.05). 4 안경렌즈의 도수 조정에 의한 치료는 8 세 이후의 과가 있었다 (p < 0.05)

Since last year, the protection of crime victims in criminal justice has become hot issues among scholars and practioners in Korea. The Ministry of Justice has made a draft of 'Law on the Protection of Crime Victims' and submitted to National Assembly. The National Assembly is expected to pass the draft in the regular session of 2005. The contents of this study is as follows; I. Introduction II. The Concept of Crime Victims III. The Protection of Crime Victims in Correction of the U.S. A 1. History and Background 2. Reporting of the Treatment of Offenderst to Victims 3. Protection of Victims from Revenge 4. Reporting of the Offenders and their Crimes to Community 5. Parole Board's Hearing on the Crime and their Victms 6. Strengthening of Restitution 7. Victim-offender Dialogue 8. Education of Offenders 9. Implication to Korea IV. Reporting of the Treatment of Offenders to Victims 1. The Present Conditions 2. Comparative Study 3. Implication V. Offender-Victims Dialogue 1. Definition 2. Comparative Study 3. Implication In this study are emphasized that the measures must introduced and developed to protect crime victims from the second or third victims and to prevent future victims of persons or community. For this purpose, 'The Law on the Protection of Crime Victims' must be legislated as soon as possible and many reasonable measures must be studied and introduced which are being enforced in other countries such as U.S.A, Germany, England and Japan.

To the general public, the term 'corrections' is unerstood as synonymous with punishment. In our country, it was not until 1961 that the name 'prison' was changed to the 'corrections center' and 'prison officer' to the 'correctional officer'. Corrections is the portion of the criminal justice system which should be charged with carrying out the sentences of the courts, especially specifying the contents of punishments and probation services, community services, day reporting centers, electronic monitoring programs, intensive supervision programs, jails, parole services, and half way houses. Furthermore, specific elemennts of corrections are designed to handle juvenile offenders only. The primary purpose of corrections are retribution, deterrence, incapacitation and rehabilitation. Which of these purposes is emphasized and accepted is dependent of the attitute of the scholar. With the complexity of corrections, there are four correctional ideologies that influence and guide the our correctional services : punishment, control, treatment and prevention. Punishment is associated with the justice model, control is associated with the custodial model, treatment is associated with the medical model, and prevention model is associated with the reintegration model. These diverse models have been reflections of the viewpoint of social solidarity, class interest, moralizing social institution in a given age and country. Criminology that contributes to society in a variety of ways, commenting three aspects ａ) a knowledge base from which to debunk crime myths, ｂ) the advancement of policy recommendations, ｃ) evaluation research, must give root and materials of those models positively and adequately. And then a given model should not be undisputed. Criminal policy is deeply interconnected with the interdependence of corrections and criminology.