We conducted a field survey from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the spatial distribution of phytoplankton communities at 13 stations in the East Sea. The diatom Chaetoceros curvisetus appeared as the dominant species in winter, and small flagellates less than 20 μm prevailed in all seasons except winter. The seasonal average range of the micro (>20 μm), nano (20 μm≥Chl-a>3 μm), and picophytoplankton (≤3 μm) was 20.6-26.2%, 27.1-35.9%, and 40.8-49.0%, respectively. The composition ratio of nano and picophytoplankton was high at the surface mixed layer from spring to autumn when the water columns were strongly stratified. Especially, the stability of the water mass was increased when the summer surface water temperature was higher than that of the previous year. As a result, the nutrient inflow from the lower layer to the surface was reduced as the ocean stratification layer was strengthened. Therefore, the composition ratio of nano and picophytoplankton was the highest at 77.9% at the surface mixed layer. In conclusion, the structure of the phytoplankton community in the East Sea has been miniaturized, which is expected to form a complex microbial food web structure and lower the carbon transfer rate to the upper consumer stage.

The purpose of this study is to verify the structural relationship between job crafting and job enthusiasm, informal learning, social support, and positive psychological capital, and to investigate the effect of informal learning, social support, and positive psychological capital on job crafting through job enthusiasm. A survey was conducted on 451 safety workers at large domestic companies, and the collected data were analyzed for model suitability, influence relations between variables, and mediating effects with AMOS 23.0 using SPSS 23.0. Through research, we found five important results. First, the structural model of job crafting, job enthusiasm, informal learning, social support, and positive psychological capital properly explained the empirical data. Second, social support and positive psychological capital had a positive effect on job enthusiasm, but informal learning did not significantly affect job enthusiasm. Third, informal learning and positive psychological capital had a positive effect on job crafting, while social support did not significantly affect job crafting. Fourth, job enthusiasm had a positive effect on job crafting. Finally, job enthusiasm was found to mediate the relationship between social support and positive psychological capital and job crafting. These suggest that continuous environmental efforts and systematic management measures are needed to promote job crafting of safety workers so that informal learning, social support, positive psychological capital, and job enthusiasm can be expressed. Therefore, the necessity of developing various sub-factors of informal learning that can promote job crafting of safety workers was suggested as a follow-up study.

Fish assemblage of total 325 of Korean peninsula estuaries were surveyed to analyze the characteristics of community structure and diversity by sea areas for three years from 2016 to 2018. The scale (stream width) of Korean estuaries were various (14~3,356 m), and 68.9% of all estuaries showed salinity of less than 2 psu. Total 149 species classified into 52 families of fish were identified, and the dominant and sub-dominant species were Tribolodon hakonensis (relative abundance, RA, 12.5%) and Mugil cephalus (RA, 9.5%), respectively. The estuary of the Korean Peninsula had different physical and chemical habitat environments depending on the sea area, and accordingly, fish community structure also showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F=26.69, P=0.001). In addition, the NMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) results showed the patterns that indicating fish community difference by sea areas, even though low community similarity within sea area (SIMPER, 21.79~26.39%). The estuaries of east sea areas were distinguished from the others in the aspects of which, the higher importance of migratory fishes and endangered species, and that of brackish species were characterized at south sea estuaries. However, the estuaries of west sea showed higher importance of species that have a relation with freshwater (primary freshwater species, exotic species), which is the result that associating with the lower salinity of west sea estuaries because of the high ratio of closed estuaries (78.2%). The SIMPER analysis, scoring the contribution rates of species to community similarity, also showed results corresponding to the tendency of different fish community structures according to each sea area. So far, In Korea, most studies on fish communities in estuaries have been conducted in a single estuary unit, which made it difficult to understand the characteristics of estuaries at the national level, which are prerequisite for policy establishment. In present study, we are providing fish community structure characteristics of Korean estuaries in a national scale, including diversity index, habitat salinity ranges of major species, distribution of migratory species. We are expecting that our results could be utilized as baseline information for establishing management policies or further study of Korean estuaries.

바람에 의한 구조물의 진동은 관심대상이 되는 지배모드의 감쇠비에 매우 민감하다. 감쇠비의 발현 메커니즘의 불확실성 등 에 의해 감쇠비의 추정은 여전히 도전과제이며 보다 정확한 감쇠비 추정을 위한 연구가 지속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 스펙트럼 밀도 적분함수라는 새로운 개념을 이용하여 구조물의 감쇠비를 추정하는 기법을 다룬다. 모드 응답스펙트럼에 포함된 외부하중 스펙트럼을 적분에 의한 평균화효과에 의해 평탄화 한 후 이론적 적분함수와 비교하여 감쇠비를 구하는 원리이다. 감쇠비 추출 가능성 탐색을 위 해 이론적 스펙트럼 밀도 적분함수의 특성을 분석하였으며, 비고전감쇠 시스템이 가지는 혼성 모드응답에 적용할 수 있는 감쇠비 추 정법로 확장하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 감쇠비 추정법을 검증하기 위한 수치해석과 계측응답에 대한 적용이 이루어졌으며, 검증결과 제안된 감쇠비 추정법이 안정적이며, 신뢰도가 높은 감쇠비 추정이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.